CONTENTS

Introduction................................................................................................................................... 457

HIV-1 Latency and Persistence.....................................................................................................

Cell-Associated and Cell-Free Virus during HAART.................................................................. 459

Residual HIV-1 Provirus In Vivo during HAART................................................................ 459

Cell-Associated Virus............................................................................................................ 460

Cell-Free Virus....................................................................................................................... 461

HIV-1 Sanctuaries and the Role of Blood-Tissue Barriers: Central Nervous System,

Testes, and Retina.......................................................................................................................... 462

Male and Female Genital Tracts and HIV-1 Compartmentalization in the HAART Era............. 462

Treatment of Residual HIV-1 Disease: Purging Latent HIV-1 Cellular Reservoirs and the Requirement for Inducing Distinct Viral Archives from Latency........................................................................... 463

Stimulatory Therapy.............................................................................................................. 463

Intensification Therapy.......................................................................................................... 464

Immune-Based Approaches and Structured Treatment Interruptions (STIs)....................... 465

Conclusion.............................................................................................................................. 466

Acknowledgments......................................................................................................................... 467

References..................................................................................................................................... 467