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Conclusion

Female UI in an ageing population is a common social and hygienic problem that has a significant economic impact both for the indi­vidual and the community as a whole. Making an accurate diagnosis can be difficult and may involve invasive investigations.

Conservative methods should be trialled before offering medications and or sur­gery. Advances in pharmacotherapy, development of improved bio­medical products, and minimally invasive surgical techniques have ensured that women suffering from UI have a variety of medical and surgical options available. Patients with UUI can be offered highly specific drugs with fewer side effects. Intravesicular botulinum toxin may be viewed as a panacea for women with intractable UUI unre­sponsive to medications. Currently, mid-urethral slings are the most commonly used modality for patients with SUI. Laparoscopic Burch colposuspension and UBAs are the alternatives. Unfortunately, the multitude of options currently available to manage the problem of UI is unable to keep pace with the exponentially increasing burden of this disease.

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Source: Arulkumaran S., Ledger W., Denny L., Doumouchtsis S. (eds.). Oxford Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Oxford University Press,2020. — 928 p.. 2020
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