Avian paramyxoviruses (APMV) are members of the Order Mononegavirales, Family Paramyxoviridae, Genus Avulavirus.
This genus contains currently nine species that are named Avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV1, type species Newcastle disease virus) and Avian paramyxovirus 2 to _9(1). These APMV1 have a world-wide prevalence, a very wide host range and are of great ecologic and economic importance.
APMV1 infection causes Newcastle disease (ND). Older publications used the name atypical fowlpest. Other names for ND are pseudo-fowlpest, pseudovogelpest, pseudopoultry plague, avian pest and avian distemper. ND viruses are also found in transcontinentally migrating birds. In Asia, ND is known as Ranikhet disease (India), Tetelo disease (Japan) or Korean fowl plague. In the USA, a neurotropic respiratory form of ND is known as avian pneumoencephalitis. Another clinical entity of ND is termed exotic Newcastle disease (END) in the USA, to differentiate it from endemic Newcastle disease.Following natural exposure, highly virulent ND viruses (NDV) cause severe epidemics with high rates of morbidity and mortality in terrestrial, mainly gallinaceous and passerine, birds, ratites and storks. Less severe forms occur usually in shore birds (gulls, cormorants, shags, gannets, egrets)(2). Relatively little disease expression is seen among the majority of aquatic birds.(3). Raptors rarely acquire NDV(4).
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