Conclusions
Vaccination is a useful tool that is widely and continually used in different species and settings throughout the world with highly satisfactory results for veterinarians and farmers.
In spite of this, interference with bovine tuberculosis has hampered extensive use, an issue that cleaner DIVA vaccines could address. The potential for current killed vaccines to allow eradication of infection from susceptible domestic animals (detailed in 22.5.4) presents as an opportunity where farmer investment could secure uptake at a small additional production cost. Spread of the infection in the environment, however, poses a challenge to complete eradication of the infection, thus making necessary vaccination of replacement animals to keep them safe during their productive life. In summary, vaccination is a tool that deserves further scientific evaluation and research to strengthen its advantages and reduce its drawbacks, in order to maximize its potential to globally reduce the impact of paratuberculosis.References
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