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Contents

Embryonic Development 241 Mesencephalon 251
Three Brain Vesicles 243 Metencephalon 252
Organization of the Brain 243 Medulla Oblongata 253
The Cerebral Hemispheres 243 Functional Systems 254
Ventricles of the Brain 245 Cranial Nerves 257
Cerebral Cortex 246 Organization of the Spinal Cord 258
Motor Areas 247 Protection of the Central Nervous System 260
Sensory Areas 247 Meninges 260
Cerebral White Matter 247 Cerebrospinal Fluid 260
Diencephalon 249 Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) 261
Thalamus 249 Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier 261
Hypothalamus 249 Chapter Summary 261
Epithalamus 251

The central nervous system (CNS) includes the brain and spinal cord. One of the major factors dis­tinguishing animals into different classes is the de­gree of development of the brain that has occurred during evolution.

This process, called cephalization, has resulted in an increase in size and complexity of the rostral, or front, portion of the brain.

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Source: Akers R. Michael, Denbow D. Michael. Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals. 2nd edition. — Wiley-Blackwell,2013. — 685 p.. 2013
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