Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is the most common disorder of the exocrine pancreas in both dogs and cats (Washabau et al., 2012). Histopathology remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of acute and chronic pancreatitis, and differentiation between pancreatitis and neoplasia (Kalli et al., 2009; Washabau & Day, 2012).
Acute pancreatitis is an acute and possibly reversible inflammatory process, whereas chronic pancreatitis leads to irreversible lesions such as atrophy and fibrosis (Steiner, 2010; Washabau, 2010; Washabau & Day, 2012; Watson, 2012; Borjesson, 2014). Lack of pancreatic gross lesions does not exclude the presence of pancreatitis, and a single biopsy sample is frequently insufficient to exclude pancreatitis on histology owing to the multifocal distribution of inflammation within the pancreas (Newman et al., 2004). The situation is of course the same for cytology. Histopathologic grading systems for canine and feline inflammatory conditions of the pancreas have been proposed; however, there is a lack of standardization between dogs and cats and between authors (Table ) (Newman et al., 2004; Newman et al., 2006; De Cock et al., 2007; Watson et al., 2007). Clinical presentations of acute and chronic pancreatitis may significantly overlap. Classification of pancreatitis can be confusing as some clinicians are inclined to differentiate acute and chronic pancreatitis based on the clinical manifestations of the disease (Charles, 2007; Steiner, 2010; Washabau, 2010; Watson, 2012). Most of the time it is very difficult to cytologically differentiate acute from chronic pancreatitis.
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