3 SELECTED SOCIO-ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT WILDLIFE RELATED PATHOGENS AND DISEASES IN EUROPE
Diseases selected generally due to wildlife populations cated animal health. The majority listed are notifiable or
serving as sources of pathogens that are a risk to domesti- reportable to the OIE (see Note at end of table).
| Disease or pathogen | Wild species affected | Comment |
| VIRUS Aujeszkys disease | wild boar | wild boar as source of disease for pigs and |
| Duck virus enteritis | wild duck, geese and swans | hunting dogs waterbirds as source of virus for domestic ducks |
| Avian influenza virus | waterbirds | waterbirds as a source of infection for poultry |
| Newcastle disease virus | pigeons primarily | wild birds source of virus for domestic birds |
| Rabbit haemorrhagic disease | rabbit | wild rabbit source of virus for farmed rabbit; |
| Rabies | red fox, racoon dog | hunting losses disease risks to other mammals |
| Bluetongue | roe, deer | wild ungulates are potential reservoirs of virus |
| West Nile virus | several bird species | wild bird reservoirs for other species |
| Louping-ill virus | grouse | disease threat to grouse shooting, UK |
| Bovine viral diarrhoea | deer | wild mammals as source of virus for domestic |
| Border disease virus | chamois, caprinae, deer | ruminants wild mammals as possible source of virus for |
| Classical swine fever virus | wild boar | domestic ruminants wild mammals as source of virus for domestic |
| Myxomatosis virus | rabbit | pigs wild mammals as source of virus for domestic |
| Hepatitis E | wild boar | rabbits wild boar as possible source of virus for pigs |
| African swine fever | wild boar | wild boar as possible source of virus for pigs |
(Continued)
| Disease or pathogen | Wild species affected | Comment |
| BACTERIA AND FUNGI | ||
| Mycobacterium bovis | badger, wild boar, deer species | wild mammals as source of infection for other |
| species | ||
| Mycobacterium avium | many wild birds, esp. waterbirds | wild birds as sources of infection for other |
| domestic species | ||
| Paratuberculosis | wild rabbits | possible wild reservoirs for domestic animals |
| Yersinia spp. | several species | wild reservoirs for domesticated species |
| Pasteurellosis (Pasteurella multocida) | several species | wild reservoirs for domestic birds |
| Brucellosis | boar, hare | wild reservoirs for domestic species |
| Chlamydiosis | several avian species | wild reservoirs for domestic birds and mammals |
| several species | wild reservoirs for domestic birds | |
| E. coli | several species | wild reservoirs for domestic birds and mammals |
| Salmonella spp. | several species | wild reservoirs for domestic birds and mammals |
| Campylobacter spp. | several species | wild reservoirs for domestic birds and mammals |
Notes: The World Organisation for Animal Health (the OIE) requests the notification by Member Countries of OIE-Iisted diseases in domestic and wild species (approximately 80 diseases for terrestrial animals are listed). The OIE also asks Member Countries for facultative notification, done on a voluntary basis, for non- OIE-listed diseases specific to wildlife (composed of approximately 50 infectious and non-infectious diseases of wild mammals and wild birds). OIE Member Countries are obliged to provide information on the presence or absence of the OIE-listed diseases in domestic and wild animals in six-monthly reports. Additionally the OIE requests countries to notify annually on a voluntary basis on the List of diseases specific to wild species that are deemed important. This is meant to protect biodiversity and could be used as an early warning system to protect domestic species and human health. Further information is available at — information.dept@oie.int and — http://www.oie.int/en/international-standard-setting/specialists-commissions-groups/working-groups-reports/working-group-on-wildlife-diseases/