4 WILDLIFE PATHOGENS WITH ARTHROPOD VECTORS

Pathogen	Arthropod vector — r: required for transmission ne: not essential; vector and non-vector transmission occur	Vector f: flies m: mosquito mv: multiple vector oa: other anthropods t: tick
VIRAL
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus	ne	f
Bluetongue virus	r	oa — midges
Flaviviruses:
West Nile virus	r	m — several species
Usutu virus	r	m — assumed, species not known
Louping-ill virus	r	t
Tick-borne encephalitis virus	r	t
Pox viruses	ne	mv?
Myxomatosis virus	ne	oa — fleas
African swine fever virus	ne	t-soft ticks
Alphaviruses:
Sindbis virus	r	m
BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL PATHOGENS
Yersinia pestis	ne	oa — fleas
Francisella tularensis	ne	mv
Bacillus anthracis	ne	flies
Borrelia spp.	r	t
Rickettsia spp.	r (usually)	t
Anaplasma spp.	r	t
Mycoplasma conjunctivae	ne	flies?
E. coli, Salmonella	ne	mv
Coxiella burnetii	ne	t
Bartonella spp.	r	mv
Staphylococci	ne	t, mv
Arcanobacterium spp.	ne	f

Notes

Pathogen families in which arthropod transmission is essential or important are marked in bold.

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