Index

About.com, Inc. v. Aptimus, Inc.,

335 n38

Abramson, Bruce, 331 n5, 332 n16,

336 n4, 337 n21, 342 n3

Adobe, 35, 37, 213, 237

Acrobat, 114

Advanced Research Projects Administration (ARPA) and ARPANET, 99-100, 290

Advertising, one and two way,

293- 294, 335 n38

Agriculture, 281-282, 344 n8

Albertsons, 335 n37

Alcatel, Inc.

Inc., 326 n29

ALGOL, 85

Allen, Paul, 116-117

Altair software, 116-117, 124. See also MITS

Alta Vista, 88, 227

Amazon.com, 7, 8, 15-17, 33, 40, 230

customized pricing by, 346 n27

v. Barnesandnoble.com,

325 n19-20

American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP), 221, 230

America On-Line. See AOL

Amos, Tori, 340 n1, 341 n12

A&M Records v. Napster, 231, 341 n21, 341 n23

Andreessen, Marc, 103, 147

Antitrust law, 21, 51-52, 336 n4,

337-338 n35

Chicago School, 71-72 consumers and, 52-53, 60 manufacturers and, 167 market cops and, 57-63, 132-133,

136-138, 168-169

Microsoft and, 129-141, 144-145,

149-159, 246-249

per se offenses, 62, 71 Post-Chicago School, 71-73, 123,

328 n22

rule of reason and, 71

Antitrust Paradox, The, 71, 113,

328 n19

AOL, 7, 8, 104-105, 152, 166, 213, 261, 273, 323 n1

AOL Time Warner. See AOL

Apache, 8, 114, 181, 188, 190

Apanovich, David, 335 n39

Apple Computers, 7, 64, 76, 123, 129, 131, 165, 176, 259, 261

v. Microsoft Corp., 337 n17

Applications

barriers to entry, 120-121, 330 n35 developers, 94-99, 260-265 Programming Interface (API),

128-132, 158, 332 n20

software, 96-99

Archival periodicals, 296

Arthur, Brian, 63-68, 78, 327 n6,

327 n10

Arthur Andersen & Co., 109

Artificial Intelligence (AI), 23, 86 early research on, 90-94, 94-96 software engineering and, 94-99

Artificial science, 331 n4

early research on, 90-94 origin of the computer and, 85-90 software design and, 81-85 software engineering and, 94-99

Ashcroft, John, 161, 324 n2, 341 n5, 341 n6

AT & T (Ma Bell), 75-76, 126, 159 Audio Home Recording Act of 1992

(AHRA), 224-225

Auletta, Ken, 152, 335 n1

Ballon, Ian C., 341-342 n25 Bandwidth glut, 328-329 n28

Bank, David, 144, 337 n20, 337 n22 Barlow, John Perry, 105, 333 n31

Barnesandnoble.com, 40

Amazon.com, Inc.

software, 114-115, 256-257

Bazaar (software development model), 183-189

Beck, Phil, 161

Begland, Robert R., 341-342 n25 Bell Labs, 86

Berkeley Software Distribution,

326 n31

Berliner, Hans, 90, 331 n9 Berners-Lee, Tim, 100-102, 226,

332 n22

Bertelsmann (BMG), 220, 233

Besen, Stan, 77-78, 329 n30 Betamax, 64-65, 210, 220, 232,

235

Beyond the Charts, 341 n10

Bezos, Jeff, 14-16, 334 n36

Bible, the, 68, 226, 327 n16,

341 n18

Bidder’s Edge, 108, 334 n35

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the, 124, 336 n6

Birth of a Nation, The, 44

Boies, David, 152, 161, 231-232 Book publishing, 29-30

electronic, 295, 345-346 n23 Boolean logic, 84-85

Bork, Robert, 71, 113, 328 n19

Botvinnik, Mikhail, 89-90, 331 n8 Bowlin, Lyle, 14-16, 15-16, 119,

289

Breaking Windows, 144, 146,

337 n20

Breyer, Steven, 30

Brick and click retailers, 335 n37

Brief History of Hackerdom, A, 179 Brinkley, Joel, 152, 337 n28

Britannica.com, 295, 346 n22

Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI), 221, 230

Brooke Group v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco, 327 n2

Brooks, Fred, 95-97, 99, 183-184, 332 n18, 339 n17

Browser wars, 7, 103-105, 143-144, 187-188

Buddha nature, 250-251

Burgess, John, 338 n40

Bush, George W., 163, 346-347 n28

Bush, Vannevar, 101

C++, 85

Caldera, 130

v. Microsoft, 336 n9-10

Car dealers, 276

CareerBuilder, 344-345 n15 Cartelization, 60-61

Cassidy, John, 9, 323 n3

Cathedral (software development model), 181, 183-189

Cathedral and the Bazaar, The, 181, 186-187, 339 n15

Central Scrutinizer, 222, 225, 311,

341n19

Chamberlain, 239, 342 n29,

342 n31

Chess, 86-90, 249, 331 n5

Chicago School. See Antitrust law

China, 192-193, 339 n28 Christensen, Clayton, 328 n25,

329 n29

Cisco, 273

Clansman, The, 326 n27

Clark, Jim, 103, 147-148

Clayton Act, 61

Click-through licenses, 324 n4,

324 n16

Clinton, Bill, 148, 346-347 n28 CNN, 221-222

Coase, Ronald, 55-56, 327 n1

Coase theorem, 55-56, 274,

327n1

COBOL, 85

Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace,

33

Cohen, Julie, 43-44, 47, 325 n25,

326n34 Cole, David, 151 Collectibles, 297-298 Communications Decency Act (CDA),

346 n24

Compact discs (CDs), 214-215,

217-220

Competing on Internet Time, 143,

333 n28, 337 n19, 339 n24

Competition, 21, 51-57 intellectual property and, 32-37,

47-49

between Internet browsers, 7,

103-105, 143-144, 187-188 Microsoft trial and, 139-140 proprietary standards and, 73-79

Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos, 63,

327n5, 339 n18

Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM), 45 Computer science

origin of computers and, 85-90 software design in, 81-85 Computer software.

antitrust statutes passed by, 71 creation of the CONTU by, 325 n15 intellectual property (IP) rights addressed by, 27-32, 208-211, 222, 242-244, 278, 313-314, 324 n10

music publishing business and, 208-209, 222

Conscious parallelism, 58

Constitution, U.S., 27-32,

326 n35

Consumer goods, 223-226, 235-239, 297-298

Consumers

antitrust laws and, 52-53, 60 communicating with sellers, 12 harmed by Microsoft, 155-156 lock-in of, 68-73, 107-108,

122-123, 146-147, 303-304 Manifesto-like reforms and,

265-271

purchasing of new technologies by, 299-300

transaction costs and, 274-276 use of MP3 by, 225

Content Scramble System (CSS), 236-240

Copyleft, 46-47, 178, 183

Copyright

Act and laws, 20-21, 28-29, 35, 37, 242-243, 251

archival periodicals and, 296 click-through and shrink-wrap licenses, 324 n4, 324 n16

Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), 8, 25, 35, 231, 237-240, 312-313

freelance authors and, 296 information sector and, 32-37 misuse, 44-45

music, 217-220, 340 n1 Napster and, 231-232 nineteenth century, 242-243 patents and, 39-44 software piracy and, 192-193 Sonny Bono Copyright Term

Extension Act (CTEA), 29, 35

U.S. Supreme Court on, 30-31

Court of Appeals

DC Circuit, 40, 141, 151, 157, 160, 161-163, 247

Federal Circuit, 40, 247, 312,

347 n9

Second Circuit, 238

Seventh Circuit, 157

Crackers, 172

Customization, 298

Customized pricing, 298, 346 n26-27

Cusumano, Michael, 78, 143, 144, 187, 329 n31, 333 n28, 337 n19, 339 n24

Cygnus Solutions, 186

Dating services, 293, 295

David, Paul, 67, 327 n13

Davidoff, Monte, 117

Davis, Randy, 41-42, 325 n22

DC Circuit. See Court of Appeals

DeCSS, 237-238

Deep Blue, 92, 331 n10

Deep Thought, 90

Del Vecchio, John, 329 n32

Department of Defense (DoD), U.S., 99

Department of Justice (DoJ), U.S., 139-141, 158-159, 162-163, 246, 325 n11

De Soto, Hernando, 18-19, 324 n15

DG Comp, EU, 168, 310

Diamond Multimedia Systems, 223-226

RIAA v., 341 n16

Diamond v.

Digital Copyright, 34, 324 n8,

341 n4

Digital Dilemma, The, 43, 48,

325 n23

Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), 8, 25, 35, 231, 238-240, 312-313

Digital Phoenix, 314, 340 n1

Digital Research, 129-130, 252-253 Digital rights management, 279 Disintermediation, 316-317

Disney, 29

DOS, 7, 117-118, 119, 127-130,

165, 173

Dot.com, 323 n3

DR-DOS, 127-128, 130, 138, 139,

157, 252, 258

Du Bois, W. E. B., 326 n27

Dutch auctions, 347 n1

DVD movies, 234-240

Eastman Kodak Co., 72-73, 238

v. Image Technical Services, Inc.,

328 n20-22

E-Bay, 108

v. Bidder’s Edge, 334 n35 Ebeling, Carl, 331 n9 Economic efficiency, 55-56 Economist, The, 135, 310, 337 n18 ElcomSoft, 35, 37, 325 n11 Eldred, Eric, 29-31

Eldred v. Ashcroft, 324 n2, 341 n5-6 Electronic books, 295, 345-346 n23 Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF),

105

E-mail, 7, 100

EMI, 220

Encryption, content, 236-237 Encyclopedias, print, 295, 346 n22 Enron, 109

Entertainment industry. See Movie

studios; Music business, the Entrepreneurship, 10-12, 241,

273-274, 291, 298

tax cuts and, 346-347 n28

Ethic, hacker, 172, 176 European Laboratory for Particle

Physics (CERN), 100

European Union (EU), 168, 306, 310 Evans, David, 337 n34

Exegesis, 102

Fable of the Keys, The, 67

Fair use doctrine, 210-211, 341 n8 Family Movie Act, 313-314 Fanning, John, 233

Fanning, Shawn, 226-234

Farrell, Joe, 77-78, 329 n30

Federal Circuit. See Court of Appeals

Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 76

Federal Trade Commission (FTC), 139-141, 344-345 n15

Fenne, Michael, 106, 334 n34

Fink, Martin, 339 n19

Fisher, Franklin M., 337 n34

Fortran, 85

Fortune magazine, 311

Freelance authors, 296

Free Software Foundation (FSF), 174

Free software movement, the. See also Open source movement

Eric Raymond and, 178-183,

338 n1, 338 n10-13 hacking and, 171-173, 186-187 Linux and, 180-182

Richard Stallman and, 174-178, 178, 180, 183, 186, 188-189, 338 n5, 338 n7-8

Frequently asked questions (FAQs), 292-293

Friedman, Milton, 304, 347 n31

Friedman, Rose, 304, 347 n31

Friedman, Tom, 14-16, 289, 323 n6, 323 n8, 323 n12

Frischmann, Brett, 44, 326 n28

FTC v.

Future of Ideas, 33, 34, 324 n6

Game theory, 86-90

Garfinkel, Simson L., 338 n8

Gates, Bill, 104, 261, 335 n2 free software movement and, 175, 178, 179, 186, 189, 338 n6

Microsoft trials and, 116-118, 122, 128, 130, 141, 142, 143, 147, 163 (See also Microsoft)

General Public License (GPL), 46, 177-178, 326 n30

Gilder, George, 328 n28

Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 30

Glaxo Group, 343 n.11

Global Crossing, 109

GNOME, 188

GNU Manifesto, The, 179, 338 n4-5

Goldstein, Paul, 325 n13

Gonzalez, Juan Alberto, 197-200

Goodin, Dan, 334 n34

Google, 88, 124, 227, 310, 330 n33, 345 n17

Gopher, 332-333 n25

Gorilla Game, The, 328 n27

Grateful Dead, 105-106, 214,

340 n1, 340 n3, 341 n9

Greene, Harold, 159

Greenspan, Alan, 333-334 n33

Griffith, D. W., 326 n27

Grocers, online, 334-335 n37

Hackers, 171-173, 186-187, 189, 274

content scramble system (CSS) and, 237-238

hacker ethic, 172, 176

Hamerly, Jim, 339 n22

Hardware engineering, 96, 115,

332 n20

Haring, Bruce, 341 n10, 341 n17 Harry Fox Agency, 221, 230

Hatch, Orrin, 148

Hayek, Friedrich, 303-304, 344 n9, 347 n29

Hayes, Patrick, 91-92, 331 n11 Headhunter.net, 344-345 n15 Heuristic programming, 86-88 Hewlett-Packard (HP), 188, 311 Hitech, 90

Hofstadter, Douglas R., 343 n5

Homegrocer.com, 335 n37

HotBot, 88, 330 n33

Hotjobs, 344-345 n15

HTML (hypertext markup language), 29-30, 100-102

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), 100-102

Hush-a-Phone, 75-76

v. United States, 328 n26

Hybrid informediary/ticket sites,

294- 295

Iballs, Inc. v. Wildbrain.com,

335 n38

IBM, 7, 8, 76, 90, 95-96, 117-118, 122, 124, 127, 140, 153, 173, 188, 258, 261, 279, 311

Increasing returns, 63-68

Independent Service Organizations (ISOs), 71-72

Industrial organization economics, 21-22, 337 n34

cartelization and, 60-61 competition and, 51-53 monopoly and, 58-63, 133-136 oligopoly and, 57-63

Information economy, the, 3-5,

18-19

global information polity and, 316-322

infrastructure of, 292, 301 transition management of, 278-284,

344 n7, 344 12-15

Information goods

reusable, 292-294, 297

single-use, 292-295

Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy, 73, 77,

336 n3

Information sector, the

as an interface artifact of artificial

science, 82-85

business models in transition,

279-281, 343-344 n6-7

definition of, 1-2

outsourcing and, 282-283 rebuilding trust and hope in, 302-308

Infrastructure, 3, 283

human capital, 277

information economy, 291-292 platform software as, 194-196 public, 4-5, 241

technology, economics, and law in the Internet, 19-25

Innovation and transition

management, 285-286

In re Alappat, 325 n17

In re Indep.

Intel, 76, 117, 173, 261, 273

Intellectual property (IP), 3-4, 18 competition and, 32-37, 47-49 Congress and legislation affecting, 208-211, 222, 242-244, 313-314, 324 n10

fair use doctrine, 210-211,

341 n8

free music and, 203-205, 278 laws, 24-25, 27-32, 37-39 Manifesto’s proposed reforms and, 249-251, 265-271

music CDs and, 217-220

software companies rights regarding, 32-37, 39-47

U.S. Supreme Court on, 30-31, 210-211, 232, 296, 327 n2

Interactive media, 293-294

International Monetary Fund (IMF), 306

Internet, the advertising revenues, 293-294 books about, 33-34 browser development and wars, 7, 103-105, 143-144, 332-333 n25 bubble, 8-9, 106-109, 241, 290-291, 300, 333-334 n33 and the economics of information, 286-292

effects on other industries,

288-289

evolution of, 99-106 impact on sales of physical goods, 297-298

news clips over, 221-222 pure plays, 107, 292-293,

334-335 n37

rights and permissions on, 294 service providers, 142 ticket sales on, 294-295

Internet Explorer, 17, 104-105, 142, 143-146, 149-150, 153

In the Clutches of the Ku Klux Klan, 326 n27

Investors, information economy entrepreneurial, 10-12, 241, 273-274, 291

government, 301-302

and the Internet bubble, 8-9, 106-109, 241, 290-291, 300, 329-330 n33, 333-334 n33 network growth and, 78-79,

283-284

New World, 9-10

in open source software, 190-191 private, 4-5, 13-14, 241, 273-274 start up costs for, 59

Y2K fears and, 299

IPOs (initial public offerings), 108-109, 184, 261, 310, 333 n27, 334 n37, 335 n39

Dutch auction, 347 n1

Irrational Exuberance, 8, 323 n2

Israel, 319

ISVs, 258-259, 262

Jackson, Peter, 331 n14

Jackson, Thomas Penfield, 141, 149-159, 167, 246-247, 261

James, Charles, 161

Java, 76, 85, 143, 148, 177, 261, 262

Microsoft trial and, 153, 154-155

Johnson, Paul, 328 n27

Jorde, Thomas M., 325 n14, 341 n8

Kaplan, Lewis, 238

Kapor, Mitch, 41-42, 325 n22

Kasparov, Gary, 90

Katz, Michael, 67, 327 n14

KaZaA, 233-234, 341 n15

KDE, 188

Kippola, Tom, 328 n27

Klein, Joel, 141, 148, 149, 151, 160

Kollar-Kotelly, Colleen, 161-163, 166, 167, 267

Kristof, Nicholas, 336 n6

Krugman, Paul, 346 n27

Lemley, Mark, 43-44

Lasercomb v. Reynolds, 326 n29

Lee, Hane, 334 n34

Lemley, Mark A., 325 n14, 325 n25,

341n8

Lessig, Larry, 29-30, 33-34, 151,

246, 324 n3, 324 n6-7, 340 n1 Lewis, Michael, 333 n26

Lexis/Nexis, 88, 296

Lexmark printers, 238-239

v. Static Control Components,

342 n28, 342 n30

Liberalism, market, 301-304, 316-317

Liebowitz, Stan, 67, 125-126,

327 n15, 336 n7

Linux, 1, 3, 5, 8, 36, 82, 114, 119, 165, 311

content scramble system (CSS) and, 237

and the free software movement,

180-182, 197-201

growth of, 183-189

hackers and, 171-173

investment in, 190-191

launch of, 176-178

LISP, 85

Litan, Bob, 287-288, 344 n12-13,

344 n13

Litman, Jessica, 34-35, 36, 48,

324 n8, 341 n4, 341 n13

Local area networks (LANs), 100

Lock-in

development of consumer, 68-73, 107-108, 122-123, 146-147, 303-304

network industry, 73-79, 283-284 Lohr, Steven, 152, 337 n28

Lotus, 7, 33, 126, 140, 176, 260

LPs, vinyl, 214-215

Lycos, 88

Ma Bell (AT & T), 75-76, 126, 159

Mac (Apple), 7, 64, 129, 165 content scramble system (CSS) and, 236-237

Manifesto, 42-43, 43, 49, 249-251,

325 n22

Manifestoland, 251, 252-255, 258,

262-271

Margolis, Stephen, 67, 125-126,

327 n15, 336 n7

Market cops, antitrust, 57-63,

132-133, 136-138, 168-169

Market liberalism, 301-304,

316-317

Marshall, Alfred, 66

Matzkevich, Izhar, 332 n16 Maxbanx, 345 n21

McCarthy, John, 90-94, 331 n11 McNealy, Scott, 148, 186, 337 n24

Mehlhorn, Dmitry, 337 n21

Memex, 101

Menell, Peter S., 325 n14, 341 n8

Merges, Robert P., 325 n14, 341 n8 Merriden, Trevor, 220, 341 n14,

341n20, 341 n22

Merrill Lynch, 21, 188

Metallica, 106

Metcalfe’s Law, 68-69, 328 n18 Microsoft, 1, 2, 6, 17, 21, 62, 70,

76, 273-274, 310-311 antitrust laws and, 129-132, 149,

246-249

appeal after trial, 159-163

Apple Computer, Inc. v., 337 n17

Caldera v., 336 n9-10 development of monopoly by,

124-136

dividends paid by, 299

Excel and Word, 260

first government case and charges against, 123-124, 131, 138-141, 144-145

Internet Explorer, 17, 104-105, 142, 143-146, 149-150, 153

investment in, 14, 78-79

Linux and, 177 market cops and the monopoly by,

113-116, 136-138

monopoly, 248, 262-264

MS-DOS, 117-118, 127-130, 261

MSN, 142

Musoft and, 252-261, 263-265

New York v., 338 n38

the next, 330 n34

Office, 164, 165, 258 open source movement and, 197-201

origins of, 112-118

Peru, 197-200, 340 n31 post-trial, 164-170 profits, 336 n5 quality of products by, 124-126 second government case and charges against, 5, 21-22, 24, 73, 77, 149-159, 246-249, 337 n25

Windows, 7, 8, 17, 33, 38, 76, 82, 114, 119, 129-132, 141-152, 143, 145, 149-150, 151, 252, 258, 261, 279

Windows Media Player, 164-166 Middleware, 261-263, 332 n20 Mill, John Stuart, 321-322 Minsky, Marvin, 91

Misuse remedies, 267-269

MIT AI lab, 174

Mitchell, Joni, 203

MITS, 116-117, 124

Modular software design, 97-98 Monopolies, 58-63, 74-75, 107,

248

market behavior by, 132-138, 337-338 n35

Microsoft trial and, 129-141 Monster.com, 294, 344-345 n15 Moore, Geoffrey, 328 n27 Morgenstern, O., 331 n7 Mosaic, 7, 103, 261-262 Motion Picture Patents Co. v.

Universal Film Manufacturing Co., 326 n26, 343 n.10

Motley Fool, 78, 329 n32

Movie studios, 234-240, 326 n26-27 Moylan, Dan, 44, 326 n28

Mozilla, 187, 311, 339 n23 MP3 players, 218, 223-226, 231,

299

MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System), 117-118, 127-130, 261

MSN, 142

Mundos, 252-256

Music business, the, 6, 280 copyright laws and, 217-220,

340 nl

corporate giants of, 220-221, 230,

306

effect of technology on, 212-216 free music and, 203-205 growth of music publishers in,

205-211

MP3 players and, 223-226, 299

Napster and, 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 25, 33,

36, 38, 82, 105-106, 226-234, 242, 243, 333 n30-31, 341 n21,

341 n23

Windows Media Player and,

165-166

Musoft, 250-251, 252-261,

263-265

Mythical Man-Month, The, 96, 183-184, 332 n18, 339 n17

NAACP, 326 n27

Nadan, Christian, 343 n.12

Napster, 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 17, 25, 33, 36,

38, 82, 105-106, 242, 243, 278,

333 n30-31

A&M Records v., 231, 341 n21,

341 n23

growth of, 226-230

trial, 230-234

NASDAQ, 2

National Commission on New

Technological Uses of Copyrighted Works (CONTU), 325 n15

National Music Publishers

Association, 221

National Research Council, 43 NATO (North American Treaty

Organization), 306

Netscape and Netscape Navigator, 7, 8, 33, 76, 103-104, 113, 143-144, 147-148, 261, 339 n23

interface, 165

IPO, 184, 261, 333 n27 management of, 187-188 Microsoft trial and, 154-155, 262-264

purchased by AOL, 152-153, 261 Network economics, 4-5, 13-14, 68, 274

increasing returns and, 63-68 lock-in and, 68-79, 283-284 network effects and, 330 n35

Neural networks, 93, 332 n17

New Channel thinking, 12, 241,

323 n4

on potential of the Internet,

286-292

New Hacker’s Dictionary, The,

179, 338 n1, 338 n11, 339 n13, 339 n21

Newspaper and magazine publishing,

295- 296

New World thinkers and investing,

9-10, 292, 323 n4, 329 n29

New York Times, 15-16, 152, 296,

336 n6

v. Tasini, 346 n25

New York v. Microsoft, 338 n38

Novell, 140, 148, 176

Office Depot, 344 n15

Office of Scientific Research, U.S.,

101

Oligopolies, 57-63, 132, 327 n2 One-way advertising, 293

Online retailers, 7, 8, 15-17, 33, 40, 230, 297-298, 298, 325 n19-20, 334-335 n37

OPEC, 61

Open Source Definition (OSD), 182-183, 339 n16

Open Source Initiative (OSI), 182-183

Open source movement, the, 36, 45-46, 122-123, 269-271, 339 n23. See also Free software movement, the; Hackers bazaar software development model and, 183-189

Open source movement (cont.) government migration to, 311 hackers and, 189 international, 192-193, 196-201, 339 n28

investment in, 190-191

Musoft and, 255-256

Open standards, 191-192

Oracle, 176

Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), 192, 257-258, 262

OS/2 operating system, 7, 119, 132, 153, 258

Outsourcing, 282-283

Paquin, Tom, 339 n22

Paramount Brokers, Inc. v. Digital River, Inc., 335 n38

Patel, Marilyn Hall, 231-232

Patent(s)

Act of 1790, 28, 37

in different industries, 342 n2 on intellectual property, 39-44 Patent Bar and, 326 n32 and Trademark Office (PTO),

28-29, 40, 244, 326 n32

PC Magazine, 128

PDAs (personal digital assistants), 299

Peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing, 36, 105-106, 228, 243, 306, 313, 324 n10

Penthouse magazine, 295-296 Perens, Bruce, 182, 183

Perishable goods, 298 Perkins, Anthony B., 334 n37

Perkins, Michael C., 334 n37 Per se offenses, antitrust, 62, 71

Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), 8 Peru, 196-201, 340 n31

Pets.com, 334 n37

Pianos, player, 208-209

PIONEER, 89-90

Piracy

motion picture, 236-240

music, 217-220

software, 192-193

Pixelon, 106, 334 n34

Platform software, 96, 119-124, 260-263

Manifesto-like reforms to, 265-271

Playboy magazine, 295-296

Player pianos, 208-209

Ponzi, Charles, 9

Ponzi schemes, 9, 21, 106, 290

Popular Electronics, 116

Pornography, 295-296, 346 n24

Positive feedback, 68, 69, 78-79

Positively-you.com, 15-17

Posner, Richard, 157

Post-Chicago School. See Antitrust law

Practice Management Information Corp. v. American Medical Association, 326 n29

Price discrimination, 298,

346 n26-27

Print encyclopedias, 295, 346 n22

Private sector, 4-5, 13-14, 190-191, 241, 273-274

Probability theory, 92-93, 331-332 n15

Procurement legislation, 192-196

Proprietary standards, 74-75

Public infrastructure, 4-5, 241

Pure plays, 107, 292-293, 334-335 n37

Quicken, 114

QWERTY, 65-66, 125, 327 n13

Radio Shack, 116

Radio talk shows, 126-127, 156

Raymond, Eric, 338 n1, 338 n10-13, 339 n15, 339 n20

and the development of Linux, 179-183

and the growth in popularity of Linux, 183-189

RealNetworks, 261

Reback, Gary, 147-148

Recording Industry Association of

America (RIAA), 221, 222

CDs, 223-226

Napster and, 226-230

v. Diamond Multimedia Systems,

341 n16

Red Flag Software, 192-193

Red Hat, 171, 186

Reichman, J. H., 41-42, 325 n22 Reno, Janet, 148

Reno v. ACLU, 346 n24

Returns, increasing, 63-68

Reusable information goods, 292-294, 297

Rights and permissions, 294

Rio PMP300, 223-226, 233

Rivlin, Alice, 287-288, 344 n12-13, 344 n13

Robinson-Patman Act, 346 n26

Rochester, Nathan, 91

Rohlfs, Jeffrey, 67, 327 n12,

327 n17

Romaine, R. C., 337-338 n35

Rosen, Hillary, 222, 225, 311,

341 n19

Rosen, Jonathan, 101-102, 295,

332 n23

Rosenberg, Scott, 14-16, 323 n10,

324 n14

Rubinfeld, Daniel L., 337 n34

Rule of reason, antitrust, 71

Salon.com, 16

Salop, S. C., 337-338 n35 Samuelson, Pam, 41-42, 325 n22

San Jose Mercury News, 151

Scalia, Antonin, 72, 328 n21 Schmalensee, Richard L., 337 n34 Scholes, Christopher, 66

Schulman, Andrew, 336 n10 Sciences of the Artificial, The, 81,

331 n1

Scientific American, 63, 67

SCO, 311

Search engines, 88, 124, 166, 227, 310, 330 n33, 345 n17

Secure Digital Music Initiative (SDMI), 225-226

September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, 300

Shaggy, 228

Shannon, Claude, 86-90, 91, 94, 105-106, 249, 331 n6

Shapiro, Carl, 67, 73, 77, 122, 327 n14, 328 n23-24, 336 n3

Sherman, Carey, 311-312, 341 n19 Sherman Act, 61

Shiller, Robert, 8-9, 323 n2 Shopping bots, 107

Shrink-wrap licenses, 324 n4,

324 n16

Silicon Graphics, 103

Simon, Herb, 81-83, 85, 94, 331 n1 Single-use information goods, 292-295

Sklyarov, Dmitry, 35, 37, 213, 237 Skylink, 239, 342 n29, 342 n31 Smith, Brad, 168

Society of European Stage Authors and Composers (SESAC), 221, 230

Software. See also Microsoft barriers to entry, 114-115 cost to produce, 54-55 design, 17-18, 82-84, 96 engineering, 23-24, 94-99, 141 free, 174-201 government users of, 190-192, 270 industry segments, 118-124 intellectual property issues regarding, 32-37, 39-47, 242-246 modular, 97-98 open source, 36, 45-46, 122-123, 270-271

patents on, 39-44 piracy, 118, 192-193 platform, 96, 119-124, 260-263 Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA), 29, 35 Sony, 213, 220, 232

v. Universal Studios, 341 n7 Sporkin, Stanley, 141

Stallman, Richard M., 174-178, 178, 180, 183, 186, 188-189, 338 n5,

338 n7-8

Stanley, David Kim, 106, 334 n34

Staples, 344 n15

StarOffice, 188

State Street Bank & Trust Co. v. Signature Financial Group, Inc., 325 n18

Static Control Components, 239,

342 n28, 342 n30

Stevens, John Paul, 30

Stigler, George, 327 n1, 327 n4

Stutz, David, 189

Subsidies, 281-282

Sun computers, 64, 122, 148, 153, 188, 261, 262, 279, 311, 337 n24,

339 n25, 343 n.12

Microsoft trial and, 154-155

Sunstein, Cass, 47, 326 n33, 346 n24

Support, Inc. v. Microportal.com, Inc., 335 n38

Supreme Court, U.S., 30-31, 210-211, 232, 296, 327 n2, 346 n24

Tacit collusion, 58

Talmud, Babylonian, 101-102,

332 n24

Technological barriers, 229-231

Telecommunications Act of 1996, 8

Terrorism and terrorists, 300, 318-319

Tesco, 335 n37

Ticket sales, 294-295, 345 n20-21

Tiemann, Michael, 178-179, 186, 338 n9

Time, 15

Time Warner, 213, 323 n1. See also AOL

Tipping to a standard, 68-73

Torvalds, Linus, 173

Totalitarians, 318

Tourism, 294-295, 345 n20-21 Tower Records, 230

Toysrus.com, 108

Transaction costs, 55-56, 240, 274-276

economics of information and, 286-292

Translation chains, 24, 97-98, 120-121, 140-141

Trigg, Mike, 329 n32

Tunney Act, 267

Twain, Mark, 242-243

Two-way advertising, 293-294

Ulrich, Lars, 105, 233, 333 n30

United Shoe Machinery, 167,

338 n39

United States v. Glaxo Group,

343 n.11

United States v. Microsoft. See

Microsoft

Universal, 220

Film Manufacturing Co., 343 n.10

Universal City Studios

v. Corley, 342 n27

v. Remierdes, 342 n26

Unix, 7, 64, 119, 165, 172-173, 177, 262

URL (Universal Resource Locator), 100-102

U.S. Court of Appeals. See Court of Appeals

Vaidhyanathan, Siva, 37, 38, 47, 242-243, 325 n12, 342 n1

Varian, Hal, 73, 77, 122, 328 n23, 336 n3

VA Software, 171, 186

VHS cassettes, 64-65, 235

Videocassette recorders (VCRs), 210-211

Villanueva Nunez, Edgar, 197-200,

340 n31

Virtuous cycle, 68, 69

Von Neumann, John, 86, 331 n7

Waldrop, M. Mitchell, 63, 65-68, 73,

327 n5, 327 n8, 339 n18

Walker, David, 329-330 n33

Wall Street Journal, 126, 144, 156

Walton, Susan, 339 n22

Warden, John, 152

Warner Music, 220

Washington Post, 313

Webvan, 334-335 n37

Wegman’s, 335 n37

Weiner, Norbert, 332 n17

Werden, Gregory J., 330 n35

Windows, Microsoft, 7, 8, 17, 33,

38, 76, 82, 95, 98, 114, 119, 141-152, 252, 258, 261

application programming interface (API), 128-132, 158

content scramble system (CSS) and, 236-237

Media Player, 164-166, 279 origin of, 129-132

XP, 143, 145, 164, 279

Winners, Losers, and Microsoft, 125,

336 n7

Wireless phones, 299

WordPerfect, 260

World Bank, 306

WorldCom, 109

World Economic Forum, 1999,

148

World Trade Organization, 306,

339 n28, 344 n8

World War 3.0, 152, 335 n1

World Wide Web, 82, 101-104

Xanadu, 101

Xerox, 72, 174

Yahoo!, 88, 166, 227, 345 n15

Y2K fears, 299

Yoffie, David, 78, 143, 144, 187,

329 n31, 333 n28, 337 n19,

339 n24

Zappa, Frank, 222

Zefer, Corp., 335 n39

Zen philosophy, 250, 343 n5