Bibliographical Essay

There is as yet no comprehensive and definitive study of violence in classical Islamic societies, though the following are central: ‘Abbud al-Shaliji, Mawsu‘at al-‘adhab, 7 vols.

On pre-Islamic poetry generally see J. E. Montgomery, The Vagaries of the Qasidah (Warminster: Gibb Memorial Trust, 1997). For more poems by al-Khansa' see Alan Jones, Early Arabic Poetry, vol. i, Marathi and Su‘luk Poems (Reading: Ithaca Press, 1992), and for poetry by women see Martha Hammond, Beyond Elegy: Classical Arabic Women's Poetry in Context (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010).

The best translation of the Qur'an for readers of this volume is Arthur Droge, The Qur'an: A New Annotated Translation (Bristol, CT: Equinox, 2013). The Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an, under the general editorship ofJane Dammen McAuliffe (Leiden: Brill, 2001-6) is indispensable, as is Norman O. Brown, ‘The Apocalypse of Islam', Social Text 8 (1983-4), 155-71.

Hija': G. J. van Gelder, The Bad and the Ugly. Attitudes towards Invective Poetry (hija') in Classical Arabic Literature (Leiden: Brill, 1989); Zohan Szombathy, ‘Actions Speak Louder than Words: Reactions to Lampoons and Abusive Poetry in Medieval Arabic Society', in Lange and Fierro (eds.), Public Violence, pp. 87-116. For a translation and discussion of the poem byJamIl Buthayna, see Raymond Farrin, ‘Martyr to love', Chapter 5 of his Abundance from the Desert (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2011), pp.

On Ibn Fadlan's Account, see J. E. Montgomery, ‘Introduction', in Two Arabic Travel Books, ed. and trans. Tim Macintosh-Smith and J. E. Montgomery (New York: New York University Press, 2013), pp. 167-79; and on Usama's work, Paul M.Cobb, ‘Introduction', in Usama ibn Munqidh, The Book of Contemplation: Islam and the Crusades, trans. Paul M. Cobb (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2008), pp. xv-xlviii.

Basic starting points to attitudes to non-human animals are provided by Sarra Tlili, Animals in the Qur'an (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012); for hunting poetry, see Jaroslav Stetkevych, The Hunt in Arabic Poetry (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2015). Lenn E. Goodman's ‘Introduction', in The Brethren of Purity, The Case of the Animals versus Man before the King of the Jinn: An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of Epistle 22, ed. and trans. Lenn E. Goodman and Richard McGregor (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), pp. 1-55, is an informed reading of the Brethren's epistle.

Sean Anthony, Crucifixion and Death as Spectacle: Umayyad Crucifixion in its Late Antique Context (New Haven: American Oriental Society, 2014) is a superb study; on al-Jahiz, see J. E. Montgomery, Al-Jahiz: In Praise of Books (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2013). Stefan Sperl has written an appreciation of Ibn al-Rumi's poem: ‘“O City Set Up Thy Lament”: Poetic Responses to the Trauma ofWar', in Hugh Kennedy (ed.), Warfare and Poetry in the Middle East (London: I. B. Tauris, 2013), pp. 1-37. Vital appreciations of Ibn Hanbal (and Ibn al-Jawzi) are Michael Cooperson's ‘Introduction', in Ibn al-Jawzi, Virtues of the Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, ed. and trans. Michael Cooperson, 2 vols. (New York: New York University Press 2013), vol. I, pp. ix-xx, and Sizgorich, Violence and Belief, pp. 231-71. A complete translation and sensitive study of Ibn al-Anbari's poem for Ibn Baqiyya is available in Mansour Ajami, ‘Death Transformed: A Counter Reading of Crucifixion (Ibn al-Anbari's Elegy on the Vizier Ibn Baqiyya)', Journal of Arabic Literature 21.1 (1990), 1-13.