Index

A

% atom utilization 321 Abiotic components 38 Abiotic or non-living components 31 Acid rain 100, 202 Acidulants 168

Active solar systems 11 Addition reactions 322 Aerosols 256 Agrochemical based industries 90 Agrochemical industry 161 Agrochemicals 201, 204 Air (prevention and control of pollution)

Act, 1981 279 Airpollutants 63 Algae 148 Alkalinity 132 Alkylation 164 Antidotes 146 Antioxidants 167 Aquatic ecosystems 38 Artificial sweeteners 168 Asbestos 85 Asbestos mining 89 Atmosphere 32, 53 Autoclaving 224

B

Bacteria 148 Baselconvention 228 Bhopal gas tragedy 30, 223, 295 Bicarbonate alkalinity 132 Bio-indicators 210

Bioamplification 146

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 130 Biodiversity 259, 260, 262, 267, 270 Bio-diversity Act, 1994 283 Biodiversity Act, 2000 274

Biogas 18

Biomass 17

Biomass energy 18

Biomass gasifiers 17

Biomedical waste 223

Biomes 35

Biosphere 33

Biotic components 38

Biotic or living components 31 Bleachingagents 168

C

Cadmium 144

Carbon cycle 43

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) 68 Carbonmonoxide 117

Carbon monoxide (CO) 66

Carbonatealkalinity 132 Carbonates 93

Chemical and photochemical reactions in atmosphere 59

Chemicaloxygendemand(COD) 131 Chemobyl 217

Chlorine(Cl₂) 75

Classical smog 108

Clay soils 193

Climate 243, 246, 247 Climatechange 243,251 Climatology 243

Coal mining 88

Composition of atmosphere 57

Composition of soil 194

Conservation of water 123

Consumers 38

Contactherbicides 98

Coralreef 267

Corrosivesubstance 211

D

Dairy industry 170

Decibelscale 232

Decomposers 39

Depletionofozone 105

Desalination of sea water 123

Desert 36

Desulfavibrio 50

Desulphurisation of coal 113

Desulphurisation of flue gases 114

Dissolved oxygen (DO) 129

E

Ecosystem 37

Effects of air pollution IOO

Elimination reactions 323

Energy component 31

Energy from waste 21

Energy in ecosystem 39

ENSO 256

Environment 29

Environment protection act, 1986 280 Environmentalauditing 285 Environmental impact assessment 284 Environmental management 277 Environmentalmanagementsystems 285 Environmentalpollution 37 Eutrophication 51, 182

Exosphere 56

F

Fast breeder reactors 25

Fertilizers 90

Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen 46

Flavours 168

Food processing industries 166

Forest (conservation) act 283

Formation of soil 191

Fossilfuels 6

Fuel cells 23

Fungi 148

Fungicides 95

G

Gaseous cycles 41

Gasification 17

Genetic diversity 260

Geothermal energy 16 Globalclimate 245 Global warming 8, 104 Grass lands 36

Greenchemistry 317

Green house effect 103

Green synthesis 318

Ground water 122

Ground water pollution 153

H

Habitatdiversity 260

Hard water 134

Hardness 134

Hazardouswaste 175,211,221,229

Hehner’s method 136

Herbicides 39, 98

Hormonalinsecticides 95

Hydratealkalinity 132

Hydrocarbons 76

Hydroclaving 224

Hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) 74

Hydrogen-Ihefuturefuel 23 Hydrologicalcycle 41

Hydropower 16

Hydrosphere 32

I

Ignitablematerial 211

Incineration 223

Industrial effluents 158

Industrial pollution 311

Industrial wastes 200

Insecticides 92

Ion-exchange process 138

Ionosphere 56

Iron cycle 52

Latent heat 126

Lead 143, 180

Leather tanning industry 160

Lime soda process 137

Lithosphere 33

Loam soils 193

London smog 30, 109

Los angeles smog 110

Love canal 221

M

Macronutrients 35, 196

Magnesium cycle 52

Majorairpollutants 65

Mangroves 266

Man-made environment 31

Marine pollution 183

Mercury 144

Mesosphere 55

Meteorites 77

Methemoglobinamia 180

Micamining 89

Micelles 174

Microclaving 224

Micronutrients 35, 90, 196

Minamata 222

Minamatadisease 144

Mining industries 88

Mining of ores 89

Most probable number (MPN) 132

N

Natural environment 31

Naturalpollutants 63

Nino 256

Nitrates 180

Nitrogen cycle 45

Noise 231

Noisepollution 231 Non-conventional sources 10 Non-renewable resources 10 Non-systemic fungicides 96 Nuclearcatastrophe 30,112

Nuclear energy 25

Nuclear fission 25

Nutrients cycle 41

O

Oil shale 9

Organochlorines 92 Organophosphates 93 Oxidation state 133

Oxides of nitrogen 69, 115 Oxygen cycle 48

Ozone (O₃) 75

Ozone hole 105

P

Paperandpulpindustry 158 Particulates 76, 117

Passive solar systems 11

Permanent or non-carbonate hardness

135

Permutit process 138 Peroxyacetylnitrate(PAN) 110 Pesticides 92

Petrochemical industry 162 Petrochemicals 165

Petroleum 184

Phosphorus cycle 51

Photochemical smog 77, 109, 111 Photosynthesis 68

Photovoltaics 12

Pollens and spores 77

Pollutants from industry 80

Pollutionbypetroleum 88

Polymerisation 163

Polymers and plastics 80

Potassium cycle 52

Power plants 89

Preservatives 167

Primary consumers 39

Primarynutrients 90

Primary particulates 77

Primary pollutants 64

Primary treatment 125

Producers 38

Protozoa 148

Pyrethroids 94

R

Radiationbalance 58

Radioactive pollutants 187, 201, 204 Radioactivewaste 212

Rainwaterharvesting 328

Reactivesubstance 211

Rearrangement reactions 321 Reclamationofsoil 206

Reducing smog 109

Reformed gasoline 110

Reforming 164

Renewable energy sources 10

Rotterdam convention 229

S

Sandy soils 193

Savannah 36

Seawaterpollution 156

Secondary consumers 39

Secondary nutrients 90

Secondary particulates 77

Secondary pollutants 64

Secondary treatment 125

Sedimentary cycle 41

Sequestrants 167

Sex attractants 95

Sludge 8

Smog 108

Soaps and detergents 171 Sodiumcycle 51 Soft water 134

Soil 191

Soil erosion 205

Soil pollution 199,208,209

Soil profile 193 Solarcollectors 12

Solar photovoltaic programme 11

Solar thermal programme 11 Sound 231

Sources of air pollution 80

Sources of energy 2, 5

Sources of noise 236

Sources of water pollution 156 Species diversity 260 Stockholmconvention 229 Stratosphere 55

Substitution reactions 322 Sulphurcycle 50

Sulphur dioxide (SO₂) 72

Surface active agents 168

Surface water pollution 154 Surfactants 171, 172

Sustainable development 334 Systemic fungicides 96

Systemic herbicides 99

T

Taiga 36

Temperate deciduous forest 36 Temporary or carbonate hardness 135 Terrestrial ecosystems 38

Tertiary consumers 39 Textile industry 158 Thermalpollution 188 Thermosphere 56 Three mile island 216

Threshold of hearing 233

Tidal energy 20

Tobacco 87

Toxicmaterial 211

Toxic metals in water 139

Transboundary issues 226

Transmission of diseases 177

Transparency 133

Treatment of waste water 181

Tropical rain forest 36

Troposphere 55

Tundra 36

U

Units of hardness of water 135

Universalsolvent 126

Use of alternative source of energy 119

Vehicularpollution 301

Viruses 148

Volcanoes 77

W

Water (prevention and control of pollution) act, 1974 277

Water cycle 41

Water pollution 151

Water quality parameters 127

Water softening 137

Weathering 191

Wetlands 266

Wild life (protection) act, 1972 283 Wind energy 13