Learning Objectives

5.3.1 Explain the difference between photosynthesis and photorespiration and evaluate conditions where photorespiration is detrimental to plant growth.

5.3.2 Summarize how biochemical and anatomical adaptations associated with the C₄ photosynthetic pathway minimize photorespiration, thereby enhancing photosynthesis rates.

5.3.3 Describe how crassulacean acid metabolism reduces water loss relative to the C₃ or C₄ photosynthetic pathways.