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Learning Objectives

14.3.1 Formulate the components of the Lotka-Volterra competition model, including the competition coefficient.

14.3.2 Diagram and interpret the four competitive outcomes of the Lotka-Volterra competition model.

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Source: Bowman W., Hacker S.. Ecology. 6th ed. — Oxford University Press,2023. — 744 p.. 2023

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