Index

‘Abbasids, 125, 132, 181, 220

Abhinavagupta, 153 abhinaya, 75 abhiseka, 18, 61, 96, 204

Abu Bakr, 123 acarya, 103, 106, 107 adhvaryu, 27

Adi Granth, 156

Adipurana, 116

Adisesa, 115

advaita, 103-107, 139

Advani, 219

Afghans, 130

agama, 96, 139

Agni, 27, 58

ahimsa, 39, 115, 185, 231

Ahmadlyah movement, 132, 182

Ahura Mazda, 54, 57, 168, 170

Ajanta, 47, 108

ajiva, 39, 40

Ajivika, 37

Akali Dal, 158

akam, 88

Akbar, 128, 140

alamkara, 74, 96

alaya-vijnana, 82

al-BirUnl, 6, 126

Alexander the Great, 52, 58

Alexandria, 229

All, 124

dlvars, 90, 104, 106, 144

Aligarh movement, 182

Amaiävatl, 86, 98, 225

Amar Das, 156

Ambedkar, B.

Amitabha, 81

Amritsar, 156 avarikM, 88 anatman, 43 anatta, 43 anava, 103 anda, 57, 80 Angad, 156 Angra Mainyu, 168-190 anitya, 42 annaprasana, 63, 168 anpu, 6, 92 Antioch, 229 anumana, 106 aparigraha, 39 irati, 199, 208, 209, 240 arcana, 96 arhat, 46 Arjun, 128, 156 Arjuna, 71, 78 artha, 56, 61, 79 Arunakiri, 148 arul, 6, 90, 103, 228 Aiv.i Samaj, 178, 182, 183, 204, 210, 214, 217, 237

Aryan, 4, 14, 20, 21 asana, 68, 110 asha, 170

Asoka, 46, 52, 80, 82-83 ashraf, 151

«Srama. ashram, 185, 188, 213, 216 asteya, 39 asura, 77, 112-113 Asvaghosa, 76

asvamedha, 23, 53, 139 atman, 33, 35, 43, 104, 105, 215 Aurangzeb, 130

Australoids, 16 avaidika, 28, 37, 38

Avalokitesvara, 81, 115 avatara, 59, 115, 142, 152, 185, 186

Avesta, 169

avidya, 1, 34, 35, 43, 104, 105, 155

Ayodhya, classical, 70; contemporary,

183, 218-219, 231

Ayyappan, 201-202

Babur, 127-128

Bactrian Greeks, 54, 162-163 Badarayana, 103

Baghdad,229-230 balapasana, 142

Banaras, 42, 148, 198 bandha, bandhu, 31, 39, 112

Basham, A. L., 77

Bellah, R., 196

Besant, Annie, 232

Bhagavadgita, 10, 37, 59, 62, 67, 68, 71, 104, 106, 142, 145, 179, 186-187, 231

Bhagavata Purana, 142, 147

Bhairava, 15

bhajan, 208

bhakta, 102, 154 bhakti, 60, 71-72, 90-93, 106, 141-149,

155, 178-180, 217

Bharata Janata Party, 219-220

Bhaskaran, 104-105 bhaiva, 74

bheda, 56

Bhima, 71, 179

Bhubanesvara, 108-109 bodhisattva, 46, 52, 57, 79, 82

Bonalu, 202-203 brahmacarya, 39 brahmadeya, 89-96

Brahmakumans, 214-216 brahman, 10, 32-35, 43, 60, 72-73, 74,

76, 103-105, 106, 109, 186, 208 brahmana, brahman, 3, 21-25, 27-28,

37-38, 45, 52, 54, 57, 62, 63, 67, 89, 94, 96, 98, 107-108, 134, 138, 141, 149, 153-14, 164, 173, 177, 180,

184, 199, 200, 203, 206, 211, 212, 225, 229, 238

brahmanization, 206

Brahmo Samaj, 177 buddhi, 1, 34, 42, 106

Caitanya, 145, 180, 235 caitya, 57, 80 cakra, 68, 110-111, 197 cakravartin, 52, 79, 225

Calukyas, 113 canikam, 88, 93 Carey, W., 174

Caarvakas, 37 Chandldas, 144

Chandragupta Maurya, 52 Chatterjee, B.

Christians, 98, 123, 184-185, 212-213 civam, 102 civan, 102

Coalaⁱs, 94-98, 112, 139, 225

Conze, E., 5, 49

dachmas, 169

Dadu, 148 daeva, 168 daksinaicaira, 110 daina, 56 dance, 75 danda, 56 dar-al-harb, 181 dar-al-islam, 181

Dara Shikoh, 148, 151, 152, 230 dargahs, 133, 151, 205 darsana, darsan, 1, 146, 185, 199, 208, 221, 228

de Nobili, R., 172-173

devadasis, 65 devanagari, 73, 150 devapuja, 66 devaputra, 56, 79, 225 de Rozio, H., 176

Devimahatmya, 113 dhamma, 45, 46, 52, 57, 213 dhairaina, 68

dharma, 7, 11, 25, 36, 56, 61, 62, 64, 69, 72, 76, 79, 95, 108, 138, 140, 178, 197

Dharmasastras, 61 Dharmasutras, 61, 67 dhimmi, 127

Dhrtarastra, 71 dhyana, 68

Digambara, 39, 240 diksd, 63

Din-ilahi, 128 Divyaprabandham, 90 drama, 76

Draupadl, 63, 78, 179 Dravidian, 16, 88, 98 duhkha, 42, 112

Duperron, A. H., 230 Dumezil, G., 20

Dupleix, J., 173 Durga, 72, 112-114 Duryodhana, 71 dvaita, 139

Eknath, 142

Ellamma, 211 Ellora, 47, 108

Elphinstone College, 169, 178 Enriquez, E., 171-172

Evachi, 170

Farquhar, J. N., 7 fiqh, 132 forest, 30-31, 70

Ganesa, 100-101, 179, 180, 200 Ganesa Chaturthi, 179, 204 garbhagrha, 61, 80, 94, 206 gallughara, 157, 158

Gandhi, M., 40, 183, 231 Gathas, 169

Geertz, C., 10-11 ghazal, 135, 149, 152 Ghose, Aurobindo, 188 Gitagovinda, 113, 144 globalization, 195-196 Gobind Singh, 157

Gokhale, G. K., 179 gopis, 144 gopura, 94 grama, 76 grhastya, 62 grhya, 24

Grhyasui tras, 61

Guatama, 41-43 guna, 37, 71 guru (guru), 27, 31, 38, 62, 102, 110, 155-156, 170, 179, 185, 201, 210, 214-217, 227, 233 gurdwara, 157, 240

Guru Granth Sahib, 156, 241

hadith, 124, 132 hajj, 124, 205, 241 Hanafis, 132, 182 Hangloo, R. l., 153 Hanuman, 70, 142, 218 Hargobind, 156-157 Harsa, 107 Hastings, W., 174 Herodotus, 4 lujiri, 123

Hindu-Jain Temple, Pittsburgh, 3, 240 Hindutva, 189, 218

hiranyagarbha, 26, 61, 94 hoama, 20, 168 hotr, 26

Husain, 124 huzur, 127, 140

I am movement, 234

‘id, 205, 241 ‘id-al-adha, 205 ‘id-al-fitr, 208 ijma‘, 132, 184 imam, 125, 132-133 Indra, 26

Indus valley civilizations, 16-17 Indo-European, 20-21

Islam, Muslims, 6, 98, 122-136, 149, 150-152, 153-154, 155, 181-184, 205, 209

Isma‘ilis, 133

Ithna ‘Asharls, 133 itihdsa, 74

Jahangir, 128

Jaini, Padmanabha, 115

Jains, 37-41; cosmology, 39; festivals, 206; logic, 40; ritual, 209 jamrat, 205

Jan Sangh, 218 Jataka Tales, 74 jats, 156-157 Jews, 123, 163-165; Cochin Jews,

163-165; “black” Jews, 164; Bene Israel, 165; Baghdadi

Jews, 165 Jeyadeva, 144 jihad, 126, 181 Jinnah, Muhammed Ali, 194 jiva, 37, 39 jizyah, 127, 130 jnana, 32, 34, 37, 48, 60, 72, 105, 106 Jnanesvara, 142 kaba, 123, 205, 209 Kabir, 145-146, 153 Kall, 113-114, 179, 203, 227 Kalidasa, 73, 76, 231 Kaliiigas, 108 kaliyuga, 215 Kalkl, 216

Kamasutra, 26, 65 Kane, P.

66, 72, 79, 82, 103, 185 Karuppucami, 200 kathak, 151 kavai, 200, 228 kayasthas, 127 kevalajfana, 40, 206 Khajuraho, 108-109 Khalistan, 158 Khaljis, 127 khalsa, 157, 241 Khan, Ayub, 194 Khmers, 225 kingship, 56, 70 Klir Bhlavanli, 180 kirtaf(a), 142, 146 Konarak, 108-109 Korravai, 88 Krishnamurti, J., 234 Krsna, 19, 59, 71, 114, 115, 139, 147-148, 151, 182; see also Rama, Visnu

Krsnaklirtan, 144 ksatriya, 22, 24, 107-108 Kusalnas, 54, 57, 58, 79, 80-82, 162,

224

Lajja Gauri, 18, 110, 113 laksarcana, 96 laksmi, 113 Laleshwarl, 154 langar, 156, 241 Lekhraj, Dada, 215 lila, 35, 72, 79 lmga, 102, 216 Lodis, 127

Madhva, 103, 139 Madhyamikas, 81, 114, 225

Madigas, 211-212 madrasas, 131, 140, 153

Magadha, 55, 73

Mahiilihiimla, 63, 69-71, 93, 115, 128, 151, 179

mahükavya, 70, 73

Mahanavami, 139 maharaja, 56 mahars, 213

Mahasanghikas, 46, 81, 225 Mahavira, 37-38, 206

Mahayana, 46-47, 79, 81-83, 114 Mahisa, 77, 113

MahmUd of Ghazni, 115, 125-126 Maitreya, 81 makara vilakku, 201-202

Malaysia, 226-228 manas, 34, 42 mandala, 26 mandapa, 60, 80 Manikkavacakar, 6, 92 Maninagesvan, 108 Manjunatha, 115 Manjusn, 81 manlra, 110

Manusmrti, 62, 64, 66

Marathäs, 130, 138-139 Mariamman, 180, 212, 227

Marshman, J., 174

Maruti, 142 masjid, 241 mastabhisekam, 206 matha, 98, 106, 138, 214

Mathura, 59, 199

Matsya nyaya, 56

Maturai, 89, 172 maiyai, 35, 103, 105, 114, 153 Mayanmar, 225

Mayo, K., 3

Mecca, 123

Medina, 123

Meykantar Tevar, 102

Milindapanha, 45

Miräbäi, 148 mleccha, 66, 179

Modhak, B., 218

moksa, 35-36, 61, 68, 104, 185 Mongols, 126-127

Mt. Meru, 61, 94, 104, 208, 225 mudra, 75, 110

Mughals, 127-131

Muhammed, 123-124

Muhammed All, 183-184

Muhammed Ibn Qasim, 125

Muhammed Igbal, 184

Muhammed of Ghor, 126

Muharram, 205

Muir, J., 184-185 mujahidin, 181 mulamantra, 102

Muller, M., 232

Murukan, 15, 88-89, 93, 139, 148, 180, 197, 200, 228

music, 75-76

Muslim League, 183

nabi, 123

Nagarjuna, 57, 81, 105 Nagarjunakonda, 47, 80-81, 93, 115 Nairoji, D., 178

Naipaul, V.

Na2land2a, 107

nama, 33 namaz, 209, 241 Namdev, 142 Namma2lva2r, 90-91

Nanak, 147, 155-156, 241

Narasimha, 15 nastika, 37

Natarajan, 95, 102

Natars, 2²3

Natha sect, 133, 142

Natyasastra, 74-76 Navar2atri, 139 nayakkas, 139

Nayanmars, 90

nayavada, 41

Nehru, J., 194

Nestorians, 166

Nietzsche, F., 4 nirguna, 105, 148 nirvana, 43-44, 46, 57, 79, 111, 231 niyama, 68

Ohrmazd, 170

Olivelle, P., 48

om, 185 “Operation Bluestar”, 158 Otto, R., 10

paca, 102 pacu, 102 Palani, 200-201

P2a²las, 107, 225

Paleolithic, 15

Palmyrah, 229 Pancaratragamas, 96, 237 Pancatantra, 73, 230

P2andava brothers, 71, 93

Panikkar, R., 7

P2anini, 73 pantha, 147, 154 paramatman, 105, 152, 215 Parasurama, 212

Parsis, 168-170

Parvati, 95, 113, 199

Patanjali, 68, 232 pati, 102-103

Phoenicians, 163, 228 pipal tree, 77 pir, 133-135, 140, 151, 205 pitrloka, 24

Pope, G. V., 6 Portuguese, 171-173

Pothu, R2aj2a, 203

Praja2pati, 24-25 prajna, 82, 111 Pr2akrits, 54, 73 prakrti, 19, 37, 71, 76, 106, 113, 114 prainapratist hai, 208 prainayama, 68, 110 prapatti, 96, 106 prasada, 67, 106

Pratiha2ras, 107 pratyaihaira, 68, 108

280 Index pratitya-samutpada, 43 pucca, 239 pudgala, 47, 225

puja, 66, 116, 154, 196, 201, 208-209, 239, 240

pujari, 209 punna, 44 puram, 88 purona, 74, 78, 96, 106 purdah, 140, 151

purusa, 19, 37, 71, 106, 111

Qdmn, 124, 131, 150

Quraysh, 123

Rabbani, J., 164

Radha, 113-114, 144-145, 151 raga, 75

Rahabi, David E., 163 Rajagrha, 46 rajanya, 22, 25, 36 rajaraja, 56

Räjaräjesvari, 211 rajas, 67 rajasuya, 23, 31, 60

Rajputs, 67, 107, 140

Rama, 59, 69-70, 115, 139, 142-144, 145-148, 179, 218-219; see also Krsna, Visnu

Ramadan, 124, 244

Ramakrishna, 179-180, 232

Ramananda, 145, 155 Ramanuja, 34, 103, 106-107, 139 Ramayana, 59, 69-70, 78, 115, 128, 142, 148, 151, 225

Raam Daas, 156

Raamdaas, 142, 218 Ram Mohun Roy, 177 Ranade, M.

Ranjit Singh, 157 rasa, 73-76, 109

Raastrakuatas, 107, 108

Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), 214, 217-218

rasul, 123, 133

Raavana, 69-70, 115, 139, 218

Ravidaas, 148 religionism, 7 Renuka, 212

rta, 26 rupa, 33

Sabaramala, 201-202

sabda, 105 saguna, 105, 148

Saivigamas, 96, 98

Saiva Siddhanta, 102-103

Saiyid Ahmed Khan, 181

S'akas, 58, 162

sakti, 114, 145, 211, 216

saldi, 124

samadhi, 68

saman, 56

Samhitas, 26-27

Sämkhya, 19, 37, 71, 72 samnyasi, 62, 103, 105, 172 samsara, 36, 57, 79, 80, 104, 111 samskara, 63

samtskrta, 73

sanatana dharma, 5, 14, 178, 185, 217, 218, 237

Sankara, 34, 103-106, 139 sankirtana, 145

Sarasvati, Dayananda, 177, 217 Sarvastivadins, 46, 73, 81, 153 S'asta, 15, 93, 101, 115 sastra, 102 sali, 63, 108, 128, 140, 174 sattva, 37 satya, 32, 35, 39, 76, 186 satyagraha, 186

Satya Sai Baba, 216-217

saum, 124

Savarkar, V. D., 188-189 Schopenhauer, 4 Scientology, 234 “Sepoy mutiny”, 175, 181 Serampore, 173-174

Sen, Keshub Chandra, 177

Shaflls, 132

Shah Jahan, 129

Shah Wali-Alläh, 181

shahada, 124

shanans, 213

shari‘a, 130-132, 183, 194, 219

Shiites, Shi‘is, 124, 128, 132-133

Shiv Sena, 218 siddha (cittars), 98

Siddhartha, 41 sikhara, 80, 109, 208

Sikhs, 130, 155-159, 240-242 Sita, 69-70

Siva, 15, 18, 58, 90-93, 98-100, 103, 110, 112, 152, 197, 199, 200, 211, 215, 216, 225

Sivaji, 139-140, 142

Sivaratri, 199

Skanda, 58-60, 79, 93, 113 skandha, 43, 46, 47 sloka, 70

smartas, 100, 103

smrti, 104

soma, 20

Spenta Mainyu, 168 sraddha, 59, 168, 199 sramana, 42 srauta, 23

Sri Jagadamba, 211

Sri Lanka, 83, 89, 114, 224-225

Sri Venkatesvara Temple, Pittsburgh,

239 sruti, 28, 62, 104 Stambhesvarl, 108 Sthaviras, 46 stupa, 47, 52, 56-57, 60, 86, 244 sudra, 22, 24, 25, 104 Sufism, sufi, 128, 133-135, 140, 153,

182

Sultan Sikander, 153-154 sunna, 124, 182

Sunnis, 124, 128, 130, 131-132, 183,

241

sunyata, 57, 79, 81, 111

Surdas, 147

sutra, 102 svabhava, 57, 81, 111 svarupa, 106 svayambhu, 228 S^svetaimbara, 38, 240 syadvada, 40

Syed Ahmed Khan, 181

Syrian Christians, 166-168; Jacobites, 166-168; “Mar Thoma” Christians, 168

Tagore, Debindranath, 177 Tagore, Rabindranath, 187-188

Taipucam, 201, 228 Taj Mahal, 129 tala, 75

tatapumna, sthalapurana, 96, 98, 200 Taleb, Abu, 5 tati, 164, 165, 168

tamas, 67

Tamil, 88-93

tanha, 43

tantra, 109-111 tantri, 207 tapas, 32, 68 tat tvam asi, 34 tathagata, 82 tathagatagarbha, 82 tejas, 106 tempocentrism, 8 Tevaram, 90

Thakur, Bhaktivinada, 180 Theosophical Society, 232-234 Theravada, 46-47, 52, 81

Thomas Cana of Edessa, 166 tika, 102

Tilak, B.

Urtha, 198 tirthankara, 37, 39, 115, 209, 140 tradition, 196-197

tratara, 54 trsna, 43 Tukaram, 142 Tulsidas, 148, 218 Tuqhluqs, 127 turiya, 105, 106 Turkmenistan circle, 16-17

udgatr, 27

‘ulam.a.‘, 124, 128, 130-135, 140, 194 Ummayyads, 125 upanayana, 63

Upanisads, 31-36 ‘urs, 151, 205

vac, 24 vaidika, 28, 34, 36, 40, 41, 47, 52, 54,

56, 59, 61, 62, 66, 67, 69, 72, 79-80,

83, 93, 98, 108, 110, 112, 155, 163, 184

Vaikhanasagamas, 96 vaisya, 22, 24, 25

Vajrayana, 111, 114, 225 vamacara, 110 vanaprastha, 62

Varanasi, 198-199

Varkari, 142 varna, 21, 61, 66 varnasrama dharma, 62

Varuna, 26

Vasco da Gama, 230 vastra, 96, 208 vastupurusamandala, 95

Vasudeva, 59

Vatsiputrlyas, 47

Vedas, Rg, 21, 24, 26; Sama, 27, 31;

Atharva, 27; Yajur, 27, 31 velala, 89, 94, 102 Velankanni, 205 vibhuti, 216 vidhi, 27

Vijayanagara, 138-139 vihaera, 45, 61, 80, 153 vimaena, 94, 208 vinaya, 45, 46

Virasaivas, 98-100 virya, 106, 108 Visistadvaita, 139

Visnu, 15, 50, 90-93, 106, 110, 113, 115, 139, 142, 152, 197, 199, 211, 225, 239

Visvanatha, 198

Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP), 218

Vithoba, 15, 142, 144, 180 Vivekananda, 5, 180, 232 vrata, 199

Vrindavan, 145 vyavahaera, 105

Ward, W., 2, 174

Whitman, W., 4, 232 Wilson, J., 165, 169, 184 women, role of, 63-66; recent changes in laws, 194-195

Xavier, F., 173

Yäjnavalkya, 19, 31, 35 yaksa, yaksi, 57, 78, 80 yama, 68

Yamuna, 103 yantra, 110 yasna, 169-170 yatra, 219 yavanaer, 63, 89 yoga, 8, 18, 68-69, 72 Yogacära, 82, 114, 225 Yogananda Paramahamsa, 233-234 yuga, 104, 215

Yudisthara, 71

zakat, 124 zamindars, 127 Ziegenbalg, B., 174