Subject Index

Abdon, 44, 45 n. 58, 46

Abimelech, 271 n. 30

Abraham, 136 n. 15, 271, 271, nn. 30-31 accession literature, 80-81, 86, 91-92, 94 Achaean League, 262

Achilles, 53-56, 58-71

Acmonia, 288 n.

Acrocorinth, 56, 139 n. 23, 141

Adonai, 135-36

Aelius Donatus, 219 n. 13

Aeneas, 93, 121, 123-24

Aenona, 77

Aethra, 55

Agnes, Saint, 44 n. 57, 45

Agrigentum, 161-65

Agrippina Minor, 80

Ahenobarbi, 81-82

Ajax, 54, 56, 58-71

Akiba, Rabbi, 294-95

Akko, 295

Alba Longa, 93

Alexander the Great, 94-95, 273

Alexander Balas, 95

Alexandria, 104, 106, 143

Ammianus Marcellinus, 41

Amorgos, 137-38 n. 19, 138 n. 23 Ananke, 140

Anchises, 75, 121-24

Andokides Painter, 66

Andromachus, 43

Antiochus, 160-61, 165

sons, 158-59, 165

Antiochus III, 274

Antiochus XIII, 158

Antiphilus, 75, 90

Antoninus, 292-94, 297-98, 301

Antoninus Pius, 299, 299 n. 37

Apamea, 288 n. 12

Apelles, 94-95

Apollo, 33, 37 n. 37, 56-57, 66, 78-79, 83, 85-88, 91-92, 94-95, 97-99, 101-3, 106­7, 165 n. 41, 262-63, 267

temple of, 87-88

Apollonius, 80-81, 265 n. 16 apotheosis, 81-82, 91, 122

Aphrodisias, 89, 90-91, 106, 266,

Aphrodite/Venus, 56, 58, 295, 93, 94-95, 267

Ara Pacis, 7, 216-18, 222-23, 237 n. 4, 240, 246-47 n. 25, 250

Arabia, 172

Aratus, 81, 81 n. 9

Arbel, 288 n. 11

Arch of Titus, 239

Argonauts, 26, 54

Argos, 264 n. 155

Arimaspi, 98

Armenia, 89, 93, 104, 266

Artemis, 56, 261

Asclepius, 157, 165 n. 41

Ashkelon, 26, 296

Ashera, 193

Assorus, 165 n. 41

Assyria, 199, 263 n. 11, 272 astragaloi, 53-58, 60, 62-63, 64, 67, 69-71

Athena, 59-63, 65-68, 70

Athenian Akropolis, 58, 67, 69

Athens, 55

Attila, 41

Attis, 24

Augustine, 30, 31 n. 21, 43, 43, n. 50

Augustus, 5, 34-35, 37, 41, 75, 75 n. 2, 76-77, 81, 83, 85, 87-88, 91 n.

Augustus, continued

223, 237, 239, 243-45, 247, 250, 264 n.

15, 276 n. 45

temple(s) of, 37 n. 34, 41, 88 n. 16, 246 n.

23

Aulus Postumius Albinus, 32-33

Bacchus, 31, 31 n. 24, 44

Battle of Milvian Bridge, 40

Beersheba, 180-81, 271 n. 30

Bellerophon, 45

Bellona, 94

Bes, 197

Beth Shemesh, 180

Bologna, 70

Bona Dea, 223, 227

Bona Fortuna, 156

Boura, 55

Brauron, 261

Britannicus, 89-90

Brittania, 266

Building of the Tablets, 138

Buraikos River, 55

Buthrotum, 104

Caere, 98, 101

Cagliari, 83, 86

calendar(s), 121, 123, 247-48

Caligula, 76-78

Calpurnius Siculus, 75, 80, 80 n. 5, 81, 91­

95

Capernaum, 288 n. 11

Capitoline Hill, 37, 39, 161, 244

Caracalla, 233, 251 n. 31

Carchemish, 199, 200

Caesarea Maritima, 76 n. 3, 263

Carsulae, 76-78

Caruso Cave, 261

Cassandra, 142

Cassandrea, 104

Cassius Dio, 97, 119 nn. 1-2, 223

Castor and Pollux. See Dioscuri

Cato, 153 n. 10

Catullus 101, 121

Caucasus, 95

Ceres, 138 n. 21

Chiusi, 70

Christ, 30-31, 43, 45, 129, 142-44, 275 n.

41, 276 n. 44, 285 n. 6

Chrysas, 151 n. 3, 165 n. 41

Circus Maximus, 223

Clarion, 267

Claudia Augusta, 79, 79 n. 4

Claudia Helpis, 98, 100

Claudia Octavia, 79, 79 n. 4

Claudia Pallas, 98-99

Claudius, 76-82, 86, 87-88, 90-91, 92 n. 30,

94, 95 n. 38, 105-6, 155, 223, 237, 239, 243, 243 n. 19, 252, 266

Claudius Claudianus, 40 n. 42, 41,

Claudius Gothicus, 24 n. 13 cleromantic divination. See cleromancy cleromancy, 5, 54-58, 62-63, 65-66, 70-71 Clytemnestra, 17

Colossus, 85, 94-97, 99-101, 106, 110

Commodus, 35-36, 107-10, 296 n. 32, 299 n. 37

Concordia, 105

temple of, 233, 255

Constantine, 20, 35, 37-41, 46, 110

Baths of Constantine, 38, 38 n. 39

Consus, 223

Colchis, 266

Corinth, 6-7, 10, 104, 131, 137-39, 141-44, 146, 261-69, 276-77

Cosmas, 44, 46

Creon, 265-66

Critonia Philema, 226-27

Cruesa, 265 n.

Cupid, 153-58, 162, 165

curse(s), 129-32, 134, 135, 137-38, 140-46 curse tablets 5-6, 10, 129-31, 133, 135-37, 139, 141-44, 146-47

Cybele, 164

Cyclops, 55

Cynno, 157

Cyprus, 56, 172

Cyril of Jerusalem, 283

Damian, 44, 46

Damasus, Pope, 42, 42 n. 45

Daphne, 294

Dea Syria, 107-9

Decapolis, 283

Delphi, 56, 142

Delphic Apollo, 37 n. 37

Delphic oracle, 63

Delos, 69, 154 n. 13, 165 n. 41

Demeter, 56, 69, 138-40, 305-6

sanctuary, 130, 136, 137-38, 141, 144,

146

Dido, 107

Didyma, 57

Dio, 80 n. 6, 85, 98, 252

Dioscuri, 4, 17-46, 71, 81, 81 n. 7, 90, 94,

102

temple(s) of, 33, 37, 41

house of the Dioscuri, 41

Diosheiron, 84

Diva Livia, 223

divination, 53, 54, 56, 58, 63, 66-70. See also cleromancy

hieroskopia, 68-69, 71

Divus Iulius. See Julius Caesar

Domitian, 89, 89 n. 17, 109-10, 233 n. 2,

238-39, 243, 243 n. 21, 251-52, 255 Doreius, 318

Drusus, 35, 37 n. 36, 87, 90, 237 n. 5, 243

n. 19

Drusus the Younger, 35

Ducetius, 319

Ebal, Mount, 269

Egypt, ancient, 23, 26, 182, 199, 286 n. 7 Einsiedlin Eclogues, 75, 91-93 ekphrasis, 154-55

Elijah, 8, 10, 296-301

springs, 292, 297 Emmaus-Nicopolis, 281, 282 nn. 2-3 Ephesos, 56, 262, 262 n. 9 Epidauros, 281, 301

Eros, 58, 156 n. 19

Ethiopia, 95

Etruria, 65, 68-71

Eucharist. See Lord's Supper

Eudokia, 297-300

Eumolpus, 98-99, 101

Euripides, 54-55, 63, 261 n. 3, 265, 265 n.

16

Europa, 28

Exekias, 58-59, 61-62, 65-66, 71 extratextuality, 8, 10, 11, 307, 315, 317, 320,

321

flamen Dialis, 224, 243, 252 flaminica Dialis, 7, 223-36 Fortuna, 96, 156, 223, 227 n. 29

festival of Fortuna Muliebris, 227 temple of, 267

Faustina Minor, 95, 95 n. 39

Flavians, 233-34 n. 2, 237, 238-39, 243-44,

251, 254-55

temple of the Gens Flavia, 239

fons luturnae. See Juturna

Furor, 94

Gadara, 283, 287-88, 290, 291 n. 16, 296 n.

33, 297, 299

Gaius, 35, 90, 123-24

Gaius Heius, 152

Gaius Verres, 151

Galilee, 270, 283

Sea of, 182, 287, 288

Gamaliel, Rabban, 295, 295 n.

Garland of Philip, 90-91

Gaul, 26, 26 n. 15, 216, 223 Gela, 67, 313, 315

Gela River, 307

Gelasius, Pope, 43-44

Gemini, 18, 26

Gerizim, Mount, 263 n. 11, 269, 273-75

Germanicus, 35, 81, 81 n. 9, 87, 98 n. 44, 104-5, 109, 109 n. 52, 119 n. 3, 123, 243 n. 19

Gervasius, 44

Glauke, 265-67, 269, 272, 276-77

Glauke, Fountain of, 7-8, 10, 261-67, 269,

272 n. 34, 276-77

Golan Heights, 182, 288 golden age, 75, 81-82, 89, 92, 95, 99, 102,

106,110, 276 n. 46

Hadrian, 95, 95 n. 39, 264 n. 15, 274 n. 37,

287, 297 n. 35, 299

Halaf, 199-200

Halieis, 56

Hammat Gader, 5, 8, 10, 281-301

Hammat Pella, 281, nn. 2-3

Hammat Tiberias, 281-82, 287-89, 296

Hammei Ba'arah, 281, 282 nn. 2-3

Hammei Livias, 281, nn. 2-3

Hebron, 273

Hector, 55, 58

healing, 5, 8, 275 n. 42, 281, 283, 285, 287­

89, 291 n. 18, 292-97, 299-301

Hekate, 131-32, 134-36, 143

Helen of Troy, 17, 25, 27, 42

Helios/Sol, 45, 85-86, 88-91, 96-99, 101,

106-7

Hephaistos Painter, 67

Hera, 268 n. 25, 269

Heraion (Delos), 69

Herakles/Hercules, 55-56, 75, 89, 89 n. 17,

296 n. 33, 91 n. 23, 108-10, 151, 161, 163 N. 37, 164-65

sanctuary, 75, 162, 165

Hermes, 63, 140

Herod, 76 n. 3, 263

Herodas, 157

Herodotus, 1, 98, 131-32 n. 8, 265 n. 16, 317-18

Hesiod, 265 n. 16

Hesperus, 91

hieroskopia. See divination

hippodrome (Constantinople), 37 Honorius, 40 n. 42, 41

Horse Tamers, 38-39

Hygeia, 296, 296 n. 33, 300

Iao, 135-36

identity, 2, 7-8, 10, 23, 30, 32, 65, 99, 102-3,

107, 183, 208, 215, 233, 252-53, 261-63, 268-69, 271-72, 274-76, 281, 285-87, 296-97 incubation, 5, 8, 281, 293-96, 300-301 inferiae, 119-27

Ino, 168 n. 25

Isaac, 136 n. 15, 271 n. 30

Israel, 4,179, 180, 182, 193, 195, 200, 273, 276 n. 44, 282-86, 298

Isthmia, 56, 267 n. 22, 268 n. 25

Isthmian games, 267 n. 22

Jacob, 269, 271-72, 276, 293

Jacob's Well, 7-8, 261-631, 269-72, 276-77 Jason, 54, 95 n.

Jerome, 31 n. 21, 42, 42 n. 45

Jerusalem, 8, 195, 200-201, 203, 205-207, 263, 272-75, 283, 296 n. 34

John Hyracanus, 263, 274

John the Baptist, 297 n. 36

Jordan River, 292, 297

Josephus, 76 n. 3, 80 n. 6, 263, 263 n. 11, 272-74, 282 n. 3

Jove, 41, 224, 225

Judah, 173, 193, 195-96, 200, 205-7

Judah ha-Nasi, Rabbi, 289, 299

Judea, 180, 262-63, 270, 276

Judean pillar figurines, 6, 11, 193-208

Julia Augusta. See Diva Livia

Julia Domna, 26, 218

Julia Titi, 238-39, 253

Julian, 37 n. 35, 267

Julius Caesar, 122, 276 n. 45

Divus Iulius, 81, 93, 122, 239, 243, 243 n. 19 Juno, 26, 26, n. 14, 151

Jupiter, 6, 26, 26 n. 14, 36, 40 n. 42, 42, 46, 75-78, 80-85, 89, 89 n. 17, 91, 94 n. 36, 101, 107-9, 151, 159-61, 224, 226, 235­36 n. 3, 236, 243-45

Juturna, 33

Juturna, spring of, 33-34, 37

Kadmos, 55

Kallirhoe, 281, 282, nn. 2-3

Kamikos, 319

Kefar aqavia, 288 n. 11

Kerameikos, 69

Kidron Valley, 205-206

kingship theory, 90

Kition, 56

Kleophon Painter, 53

Kleophrades Painter, 68

kleroi, 54-55, 63

Knidos, 5-6, 130-31, 136-41, 144

Kore, 56, 132, 137-38, 305

Korykeion Cave, 56

Lachish, 173

Lactantius, 43, 43, n. 46

Lampsacus, 163 n. 39

Lazarus, 29-30

Leagros Group, 60-61, 66

Leda, 17, 41

Leo the Great, 41

Leonidas, 84

Liber, 137-38 n. 19

Libera, 137-38 n. 19

Ligorio, 108 n. 52

Lord, the, 30-31, 129-30, 142-44, 262, 274,

276 n. 45

Lord, my, 299

Lord's Supper, 129

Eucharist, 143

Lucifer, 91

Lucius, 5, 10, 25, 35, 90, 119-27

Lucius Mummius, 153, 155

Lucan, 75, 85, 91-92

Ludi Castorum, 41

Luna/Moon, 98-99, 132

Lydia, 84

Lysippides Painter, 60

M. Marius Gratidianus, 126-27

Macrobius, 126, 225-27

magic, 5-6, 10, 26, 43, 54, 58, 63, 71, 130­31, 134 n. 10, 135-38, 140-44, 146-47, 197-98

Makron, 66

Marcellus, 155 n. 17

Theater, 103

Marco Giulo, 108 n. 52

Marcus Antonius, 101

Marcus Aurelius, 35 n.

Maresha, 179-82, 187

Mark Antony, 243 n. 19

Mars, 91, 94-95, 107, 151 n. 3, 236, 243 temple of, 33, 93, 245

Martha, sister of Lazarus, 29

Mary, sister of Lazarus, 29

Marzabotto, 65-66 materiality, 1-6, 9, 152

Maxentius, 35-37, 40

Maximos, 289

Medea, 8, 261 n. 3, 265-69, 272 n. 34, 276

Medusa, 249

Megara, 5-6, 130-31, 133, 136-37, 139-40, 143

Memmius, L., 35

memory, 7, 46, 87, 105, 119, 244, 247 group memory, 2

Memphis, 137-38 n. 19

Mermerus, 268

Messana, 152, 156

Mevesseret, 205-6

Michael, 135, 136 n. 15

Midrash ha-Gadol, 287

Minerva, 63, 70, 109, 109 n. 53

Mithras, 23, 27 n. 16

mithraic rites, 42 n. 43

Moronea, 104

Moses, 136, 136 n. 14, 271, 274

Moza, 205

Nahman b. Isaac, Rabbi, 290

Nazarius, 40

Negev, 171, 179-80, 205-7

Nemi, 78

Neoptolemos, 66

Nero, 5, 9, 75, 78-110, 237, 237 n. 5, 243, n. 19, 266

Neronia, 91, 107

Nicea, 104

Nicodemia, 104

Nike/Victory, 56, 67, 94, 102

Nile Valley, 182

Niobid Painter, 53-55

Nola, 30 n. 20, 58

Ocriculum, 76-78

Octavian, 101

Odysseus, 55, 60, 67 offerings. See inferiae Olympia, 37, 78, 80 Onesimos, 67

Orpheus, 23-24, 45, 267 n. 20

Orvieto, 59, 63, 65, 66, 70

Oserapis, 137-38 n. 19

Osoronnophis, 136 n. 14

Ostia, 27 n. 16, 33 n. 30, 35 n. 33, 36, 41, 42

n. 43, 225, 265 n. 17, 266

Ovid, 80 n. 6, 120, 123-24, 126-27, 164, 219-20

Palestine, 8, 26, 26 n. 15, 45, 135-36, 143, 281, 283, 285, 292, 293 n. 24, 295-96, 297 n. 34, 301

Pallene, 62

Pan, 56

Parentalia, 121, 123, 126

Paris, 23-24, 26, n. 16, 45, 58

Parthians, 93

Patras, 103-104

Paul, Apostle, 5-6, 41, 44-46, 129-31,

142- 47

Paul the Deacon, 221, 224

Pausanias, 55-56, 140, 261 n. 2, 262 n. 4,

265, 267-69

Peisistratos, 62

Pentathlos, 317

Pergamon, 301

Persians, 67

Persian martyrs, 44

Persian period, 173-74, 263 n. 11

Persian Wars, 68

Peter, Apostle, 32, 41, 44-46 petrographic analysis, 6, 171-72, 177-78,

181, 183, 187-88, 194, 205-207

Pheres, 268

Phideias, 80

Phile, 157

Phoenice, 104

Phoenicians, 307-308, 318 physiognomy, 89, 103

Pilate, 274

pillar figurines. See Judean pillar figurines Pindar, 54, 265 n. 16

Pisa, 5, 10, 119-27

Pisidia, 24, 24 n. 13, 25, 27

Pliny the Elder, 94-96, 99-100, 126, 146 n.

14, 220, 243, 251, 253 n. 37, 282 n. 3

Pliny the Younger, 251, 251 n. 33

Pluto, 137

Pompeii, 101

Pompey, 84, 263

Theatre of, 97-98

Pontianus, 45

Poppaea, 84, 105

Portus, 41

Poseidon, 56

Praeneste, 103

Praxiteles, 153-55

Priam, 66-67

Prima Porta, 75, 75 n. 2

Protasius, 44

prophecy, 54-55, 66, 68, 75, 81, 129, 142,

144-47, 299

prophet, 8, 39, 142, 144, 147, 272-73, 275,

296-97, 299-300

Prudentius, 43, 43 n. 46, 222 n. 17

Prusa, 104

Pseudo-Acro, 87 n. 15

Ptolemies, 104

Pyrgi, 70

Pythia, 54, 56, 85

Quintus Curtius Rufus, 82

Quirinal Hill, 37, 39, 108 n. 52, 239

Rabirius, 233

Raphael, 41

Regillus, Lake, 32, 81

religion(s)

ancient, 1, 3, 4, 8, 37, 46, 53, 71, 107, 125, 193, 195-98, 205, 207-208, 215, 219 n. 13, 228, 233, 239, 247-48, 253, 262, 293, 305-7, 315, 320-21, 323

study of, 1-3, 53, 63, 196, 305-6 material approaches, 4-5, 7, 8-9, 306, 310

Remus, 37-38

Rhea Siliva, 219

Rhodes, 90, 104, 264 n. 15

ritual, 2-10, 33, 42, 54, 65, 69-71, 122-23, 127, 130, 135 n. 12, 136-38, 141-44, 146-47, 152, 157 n. 24, 159, 159 n. 30, 166, 173, 185-88, 194, 197-99, 203, 207­8, 215-27, 242, 244, 247-55, 261, 268 nn. 24-25, 269, 281, 281 n. 1, 289, 290-94, 300, 301, 305, 307, 310-12, 314-16

ritual experience, 10, 157 n. 24, 222, 249, 254-55, 301, 309, 320-23

ritual object(s)/implement(s), 2, 4, 6-7, 9-11, 70-71, 137, 141, 146, 152, 159 n. 30, 165-66, 186, 188, 193-94, 197-98, 203, 208, 215-18, 219, n. 11, 220-28, 242, 247, 249-50, 252, 254, 311, 314, 321-23

ritual space, 6-8, 10, 136-37, 171, 182, 203, 218, 223, 225-26, 247-55, 261, 267, 269, 281, 289, 290-94, 301, 308-12, 314-15, 320-23

images, 2, 127, 152, 166, 215, 225, 252-55 social dimensions, 2, 6, 123, 130, 138,

143- 44, 147, 197-99, 215, 219, 222­28, 250, 252-55, 292-93, 301, 308, 317, 323

Roma, 35-38

Romulus, 37-38, 93

Samaria, 7-8, 261, 263, 270, 272-73, 275­76

Samothrace, 25-26, 26 n. 16

Sardis, 288 n. 12

Saturn, 98, 126, 234

cult of, 32 n. 26

golden age of. See golden age

Saturnalia, 5, 91, 92 n. 29, 126

Scythia, 98

Sebasteion, 89, 106, 266

Selinus, 69

Semiotics, 2-3

Seneca, 75, 80-81, 90-94, 126, 265-66

Sennacherib, 173, 187

Sennen, 44, 45 n. 58, 46

Sepher ha-Razim, 135-36

Sepphoris, 288 n. 11, 299

Septimius Severus, 233, 251 n. 31

Serapis, 296-97

temple of, 39

Sergius, 44

Servius, 87 n. 15, 94

Servius Auctus, 219-22, 225, 227 n. 19

Seulukos I Nicator, 95

Sex. Cornelius Repentinus, 298-99

Sextus Appuleius, 243

Shechem, 263 n. 11, 269, 271-73

Shephelah, 171, 179, 180, 181, 205-7 Sibyl, 142

Sibylline Books, 88, 236

Sibylline Oracles, 145 n. 40

Sicily, 6, 8, 69, 151, 152 n. 7, 155 n. 18, 156

n. 20, 158, 160, 161, 305-8, 310-15, 317­

19, 321-23

Sol Invictus, 45 n. 61, 110

Solomon, 136

Spain, 119, 216, 223

Sparta, 17, 25-26, 56

Stephanos of Meleager, 91

Stoicism, 81

structuralism, 2-3

Suetonius, 80 n. 6, 87 n. 14, 102-3, 106,

107-8, 227 n. 28

Susa, 98

Sussita, 288 n. 11

Syracuse, 155 n. 171, 158, 319

Syria, 108-9 n. 52, 158, 159, 160 Syria-Palestine, 287 n. 9

Tabula Hebana, 87 n. 15, 123

Tabula Siarensis, 119 n. 3, 123

Tall Jawa, 186

Tarpeia, 219

Tarquinia, 70-71

Taurus, 26

Teiresias, 54

Tell al-Rimah, 199

Tel Halif, 5-6, 171-85, 187-88

Tell Jemmeh, 174, 176, 183

Tertullian, 30 n. 20, 43 n. 46, 223

Tertullus, 41

theomorphic imagery, 75-110 theomorphic rhetoric, 75, 80-81

Theseus, 55

Thespiae, 153-58

Thessalonike, 103-4

Thomas (disciple of Jesus), 276 n. 45

Thucydides, 305, 318

Tiber Island, 108-9 n. 52, 227 n. 28

Tiberius, 35, 37, 37 n. 36, 39 n. 41, 41, 76,

82-83, 90, 243, n. 19, 245, 246, 246 n. 23

Tiberius Claudius Alypus, 98, 100

Tiberius Claudius Felix, 98, 100

Timarchides, 162-64

Tipasa, 32 n. 26

Tiridates, 97-98

Titus, 7, 233-35, 237-40, 243-45, 247-55

Tivoli, 75-76

Tivoli General, 75-76

tongues, speaking/praying in, 129-30, 142,

144- 47

Trajan, 233-34 n. 2, 266

Trajan Decius, 95, 95 n. 39

transvectio equitum, 33, 35

Trier, 38, 42

Trieste, 26, 28

Tripolis, 104

Troilos, 66

Trojans, 26 n. 16, 62, 66-67

Trojan War, 58, 62, 66

Troy, 17, 26 n. 16, 58, 62-63

Trygaeus, 63

Tunisia, 20, 22, 24, 42, 43 n. 49

Turkey, 172

Turin, 98, 101

Tusculum, 82

Varro, 126

Veii, 70

Venus, 93- 95, 267

Vergil, 75, 92, 94, 94 n. 36, 121, 219, 222 n.

17, 225

Verres, 6, 10, 151-66

Verrines, 151-63, 165-66

Vespasian, 7, 84, 88, 96, 233-35, 237-40, 243-45, 247-55

Vesta, 216, 218, 219, 219 n. 12

temple of, 7, 216, 218-23, 225

Vestal Virgins, 7, 216-23, 226

Vesuvius, 102

Vulci, 58, 65, 68, 70

Washing Painter, 57-58

Waters of Asia, 281, 282 n. 2

Yahwism, 195-96

Zeus, 17, 25, 63, 66-67, 80, 84-85, 224, 249,

274 n. 37. See also Jupiter

Zion, Mount, 205

Zor'a, 180