Contents

Acknowledgments ix

Note on Transliteration xiii

Maps xv

Introduction 3

Part One: The Roots of Entanglement

1 Empire or Nation? 19

2 Incorporated Identity 34

3 Ukraine or Little Russia? 49

4 The Missing Mazepa 66

Part Two: Between Class and Nation

5 The Historian as Nation Builder 79

6 Renegotiating the Pereiaslav Agreement 90

7 Bourgeois Revolution or Peasant War? 113

8 The People's History 133

Part Three: Post-Soviet Debates

9 History and Territory 165

10 The City of Glory 182

11 The Ghosts of Pereiaslav 196

12 Remembering Yalta 213

Part Four: The Search for a New History

13 The History of a Non-Historical Nation 243

14 Imagining Early Modern Ukraine 252

15 Crossing National Boundaries 266

16 Beyond Nationality 283

Notes 303

Bibliography 348

Index 373

Acknowledgments

This book began with an invitation extended to me in 1993 by Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrott, the organizers of the Russian Littoral Project supported by the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins University, to present a paper on the impact of history on Ukrainian foreign policy and Ukrainian-Russian relations.

Many people helped me with my original contributions and the preparation and production of the book. Frank E. Sysyn, Zenon E. Kohut, Andreas Kappeler, Oleh S. Ilnytzkyj, and John-Paul Himka made valuable comments on individual essays. Heather Coleman, Anatolii Boiko, and Maksym Yaremenko shared with me their knowl­edge of sources and literature on the subject. Hiroaki Kuromiya and Nadieszda Kizenko gave excellent advice on how to improve the first draft of the manuscript. I am grateful to all of them for their help. I also wish to thank my colleague Myroslav Yurkevich for editing 'new' chapters and updates to 'old' ones, as well as for translating a chapter originally published in Ukrainian - as always, he has done a superb job. At the University of Toronto Press, my thanks go to Suzanne Ran­court for her interest in this project and encouragement of my efforts. It was a pleasure to work once again with Miriam Skey and Barbara Por­ter, who did an excellent job on my previous book. Unmaking Imperial Russia, published by the University of Toronto Press in 2005. I am grateful to Oksana Mykhed for compiling the index to this book. I would also like to thank Dr Roman Procyk of the Ukrainian Studies Fund (USA) for helping to secure a subsidy for the publication of this volume. My special thanks go to my wife, Olena. Without her support through all these years, the project would never have come to fruition. I dedicate this book to the memory of Mykola Kovalsky, my professor and dissertation supervisor at the University of Dnipropetrovsk, who was a lifelong student of Russo-Ukrainian relations.

Any errors and shortcomings that may be encountered in this book are my sole responsibility: if I could not get it right the second time around, there is no one to blame but myself.

Chapter 3

'Ukraine or Little Russia? Revisiting an Early Nineteenth-Century Debate.' Canadian Slavonic Papers 48, nos 3-4 (September-December 2006): 260-78.

Chapter 4

'(Mis)understanding the Cossack Icon.' In Rus' Writ Large: Languages, Histories, Cultures (=Harvard Ukrainian Studies 28), forthcoming.

Chapter 5

'Between Poland and Russia: The Political Dilemmas of Mykhailo Hrushevsky, 1905-7.' In Tentorium Honorum: Essays Presented to Frank E. Sysyn on His Sixtieth Birthday. Edmonton, forthcoming.

Chapter 6

'Renegotiating the Pereiaslav Agreement.' Introduction to Mykhailo Hrushevsky, History of Ukraine-Rus'. Vol. 9, bk 2, pt. 1. Edmonton and Toronto, forthcoming.

Chapter 7

'Bourgeois Revolution or Peasant War? Early Soviet Debates on the History of the Khmelnytsky Uprising.' In Synopsis: A Collection of Essays in Honour of Zenon E. Kohut, ed. Serhii Plokhy and Frank E. Sysyn, 345-69. Edmonton and Toronto, 2005.

Chapter 8

'Selians'ka Klio: istorychna pam'iat' ta natsional'na identychnist' v Radians'kii UkraIni.' Introduction to Dzherela z istorii Pivdennoi Ukrainy. Vol. 5, pt. 1, bks 1 and 2, Memuary ta shchodennyky, ed. Anatolii Boiko, 12-32. Zaporizhia, 2005.

Chapter 9

'Historical Debates and Territorial Claims: Cossack Mythology in the Russian-Ukrainian Border Dispute.' In The Legacy of History in Russia and the New States of Eurasia. The International Politics of Eurasia, vol. 1, ed. S. Frederick Starr, 147-70. Armonk, NY and London, 1994.

Chapter 10

'The City of Glory: Sevastopol in Russian Historical Mythology.' Jour­nal of Contemporary History 35, no. 3 (July 2000): 369-83.

Chapter 11

'The Ghosts of Pereyaslav: Russo-Ukrainian Historical Debates in the Post-Soviet Era.' Europe-Asia Studies 53, no. 3 (May 2001): 489-505.

Chapter 12

'Remembering Yalta: The Politics of International History.' The Harri­man Review 15 (2007): 15-26.

Chapter 13

'History of a "Non-historical" Nation: Notes on the Nature and Cur­rent Problems of Ukrainian Historiography.' Slavic Review 54, no. 3 (fall 1995): 709-16.

Chapter 14

'Imagining Early Modern Ukraine: The "Parallel World" of Natalia Iakovenko.' Harvard Ukrainian Studies 25, nos. 3-4 (2005 for 2001): 267­80.

Chapter 15

'Crossing National Boundaries: The Case for the Comparative Study of Cossackdom.' In Die Geschichte Ruβlands im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert aus der Perspektive seiner Regionen, ed. Andreas Kappeler, 416-30. Wies­baden, 2004.