Notes

Chapter 1: Geographic and Ethnolinguistic Setting

1 Stephen Rudnytsky, Ukraine: The Land and Its People (New York 1918), p. 25.

2 Natsional'nyi sklad naselennia Ukrainy, pt.

3 Based in part on statistical data in V. Kubijovyc et al., ‘Ukrainians,’ in Encyclopedia of Ukraine, Vol. V, ed. Danylo Husar Struk (Toronto, Buffalo, and London 1993), p. 460; and Ann Lencyk Pawliczko, ed., Ukraine and Ukrainians throughout the World (Toronto, Buffalo, and London 1994), p. 9.

4 Ibid.

Chapter 2: Historical Perceptions

1 Karamzin’s Memoir on Ancient and Modem Russia, translated by Richard Pipes (New York 1996), p. 112.

2 Bernard Lewis, History Remembered, Recovered, Invented (Princeton, N.J. 1975), p. 59.

3 From a pastoral letter by Filofei, dated 1524, cited in Vasyl' Hryshko, Istorychno-pravne pidhruntia teoriiIIIRymu (Munich 1953), P· 5·

4 S.M. Solov'ev, Istoriia Rossii s drevnieishikh vremen, Vol. IV, pt. 1 (St Petersburg 1894), P· 1343·

5 V. Kliuchevskii, Kurs russkoi istorii, Vol. II, 2nd ed. (Moscow 1915), p. 58.

6 Dmitrii S. Likhachev, Reflections on Russia (Boulder, Colo. 1991), p. 74.

7 From the Ukrainian text reproduced in Georges Luciani, Le livre de la genese du peuple ukrainien (Paris 1956), pp. 124 and 126.

8 Konstantin F. Shteppa, ‘The “Lesser Evil” Formula,’ in Cyril E. Black, ed., Rewriting Russian History, 2nd rev. ed. (New York 1962), pp. 105-106.

9 M. lavors'kyi, Istoriia Ukrainy v styslomu narysy (Kharkiv 1928), p. 58.

10 A.M. Pankratov, ed., Istoriia SSSR, Vol. I (Moscow 1940), p. 189.

11 Ibid., 2nd ed. (1947) and subsequent editions.

Chapter 3: The Steppe Hinterland and the Black Sea Cities

1 Herodotus, The History, translated by George Rawlinson, Great Books of the Western World, Vol. VI (Chicago, London, and Toronto 1952), p. 133.

Chapter 4: The Slavs and the Khazars

1 The Gothic History of Jordanes, translated by Charles Christopher Mierow, 2nd ed.

Chapter 5: The Rise of Kievan Rus'

1 The Russian Primary Chronicle: Laurentian Text, translated by Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor (Cambridge, Mass. 1953), p. 59.

2 Ibid.

3 Ibid., p. 60.

4 Ibid., p. 61.

5 Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De Administrando Imperio, Vol. II: Commentary, by F. Dvornik, RJ.H. Jenkins, B. Lewis, et al. (London 1962), p. 23.

6 Russian Primary Chronicle, p. 61.

Chapter 6: Political Consolidation and Disintegration

1 The Russian Primary Chronicle: Laurentian Text, translated by Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor (Cambridge, Mass. 1953), p. 116.

2 Ibid., p. 187.

3 The Nikonian Chronicle, Vol. II, translated by Serge A. and Betty Jean Zenkovsky (Prince­ton, N.J. 1984), p. 216.

Chapter 7: Socioeconomic and Cultural Developments

1 Nikolai K. Gudzy, History of Early Russian Literature (New York 1949), p. 146.

Chapter 8: The Mongols and Rus' Political Life

1 Rene Grousset, The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia (New Brunswick, N.J. 1970), p. 248.

2 From the Novgorodian Chronicle, cited in Serge A. Zenkovsky, Medieval Russia’s Epics, Chronicles, and Tales, 2nd rev. ed. (New York 1974), p. 196.

3 John Fennell, The Crisis of Medieval Russia, 1200-1304 (London and New York 1983), p. 97.

Chapter 9: Galicia-Volhynia

1 The Russian Primary Chronicle: Laurentian Text, translated by Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor (Cambridge, Mass. 1953), p. 95.

2 The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle: The Hypatian Codex, pt. 2, translated by George A. Perfecky (Munich 1973), p. 58.

Chapter 10: Lithuania and the Union with Poland

1 Cited in Jaroslaw Pelenski, ‘The Contest for the “Kievan Inheritance” in Russian-

Ukrainian Relations,’ in Peter J. Potichnyj et al., Ukraine and Russia in Their Historical Encounter (Edmonton 1992), p. 7.

2 Cited in Omeljan Pritsak, ‘Kievan Rus' and Sixteenth-Seventeenth-Century Ukraine,’ in Ivan L.

3 Grand Duke Aleksander to his official in Vitsebsk (1495), in Akty, otnosiashchiesia k istorii Zapadnoi Rossii, Vol. I: 1340-1506, ed. I. Grigorovich (St Petersburg 1846), p. 151.

Chapter 13: Reformation, Counter Reformation, and the Union of Brest

1 Cited in Mykhailo Hrushevs'kyi, Istoriia Ukrainy-Rusy, Vol. VI (Kiev 1907), p. 525.

2 Cited in Ivan Wlasowsky, Outline History of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, Vol. I (New York and South Bound Brook, NJ. 1974), p. 255.

3 Cited in Russel P. Moroziuk, Politics of a Church Union (Chicago 1983), p. 35.

Chapter 14: The Tatars and the Cossacks

1 Alan Fisher, The Crimean Tatars (Stanford, Calif. 1978), p. 25.

2 Cited in Dmytro Doroshenko, Narys istorii Ukrainy, Vol. I, 2nd ed. (Munich 1966), p- 152.

3 Linda Gordon, Cossack Rebellions (Albany, N.Y. 1983), p. 87.

4 Cited in Mykhailo Hrushevs'kyi, Istoriia Ukrainy-Rusy, Vol. VII (Kiev 1909), pp. 391-392.

5 Ibid., p. 392.

Chapter 15: Khrnel' nyts' kyi and the Revolution of 1648

1 Shmuel Ettinger, ‘Chmielnicki (Khmelnitski), Bogdan,’ in Encyclopedia Judaica, Vol. V (Jerusalem 1972), p. 481.

2 Cited in Mykhailo Hruskevs'kyi, Iliustrovana istoriia Ukrainy, 2nd ed. (Winnipeg [1923]), p· 303·

Chapter 16: Muscovy and the Agreement of Pereiaslav

1 K.V. Kharlampovich, Malorossiiskoe vliianie na velikorusskuiu tserkovnuiu zhizn', Vol. I (Kazan 1914), p. 29.

2 Cited in Mykhailo Hrushevs'kyi, Istoriia Ukrainy-Rusy, Vol. IX, pt. 1 (Kiev 1928), P- 732.

Chapter 19: Mazepa and the Great Northern War

1 Michael T. Florinsky, Russia: A History and Interpretation, Vol. I (New York 1947), PP· 339-340.

2 V.A. Diadychenko, ‘Mazepa, Ivan Stepanovych,’ in Radians’ka entsyklopediia istorii Ukrainy, Vol. Ill, ed. A.D. Skaba (Kiev 1971), p. 67.

3 lurii lu. Kondufor, ed., Istoriia Ukrains'koiRSR, Vol. II (Kiev 1979), P· 332·

4 Nataliia Polons'ka-Vasylenko, Istoriia Ukrainy, Vol.

Chapter 21: Ukrainian Autonomy in the Russian Empire

1 Cited in Michael T. Florinsky, Russia: A History and Interpretation, Vol. I (New York 1947), PP· 34O-34in.l.

2 Cited in Zenon E. Kohut, Russian Centralism and Ukrainian Autonomy (Cambridge, Mass. 1988), p. 104.

Chapter 26: Socioeconomic Developments

1 Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii, Vol. XXI, No. 15724, cited in I.O. Hurzhii, ed., Khrestomatiia z istorii Ukrains'koi RSR (Kiev 1970), p. 86.

2 Konstantyn Kononenko, Ukraine and Russia: A History of the Economic Relations (Milwau­kee 1958), p. 49.

3 A.P. Ogloblin, Ocherki istorii ukrainskoi fabriki: predkapitalisticheskaia fabrika (Kiev 1925), p. 88.

4 Ibid., p. 47.

5 Ibid., p. 207.

6 Ibid., p. 89.

Chapter 27: The Peoples of Dnieper Ukraine

1 Pervaia vseobshchaia perepis' naseleniia Rossiiskoi imperii 1897 goda, Vols. 8,13,16, 32, 33,41, 46-48 (St Petersburg 1899-1905).

2 Ibid.

3 A.P. Ogloblin, Ocherki istorii ukrainskoi fabriki: predkapitalisticheskaia fabrika (Kiev 1925), p. 88.

4 David G. Rempel, ‘The Mennonite Commonwealth in Russia, 1789-1919,’ Mennonite Quarterly Review, XLVIII, I (Goshen, Ind. 1974), p. 10.

Chapter 28: The National Renaissance before the 1860s

1 J.G. von Herder, Briefe zu Beforderung der Humanität, cited in Carlton J.H. Hayes, Essays on Nationalism (New York 1928), p. 13.

2 ‘Journal meiner Reise im Jahr 1769,’ Herders sämtliche Werke, Vol. IV (Berlin 1877), p. 402.

3 Letter to Denys Zubryts'kyi, cited in George S.N. Luckyj, Between Gogol' and Sevcenko: Polarity in the Literary Ukraine, 1798-1847 (Munich 1971), p. 3°·

4 Cited in Olexander Ohloblyn, ‘The Ethical and Political Principles of “Istoriya Rusov”,’ Annals of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences, II, 4 (New York 1952), p. 393.

5 Ibid., p. 396.

6 Luckyj, Between Gogol' and Sevcenko, p. 137.

7 Taras Shevchenko, Songs Out of Darkness, translated by Vera Rich (London 1961), p.

8 From the poem ‘The Plundered Grave’ (1843), ibid., p. 21.

9 From the Ukrainian text reproduced in Georges Luciani, Le livre de la genese du peuple ukrainien (Paris 1956), p. 128.

10 Ibid., p. 134.

11 Ibid., p. 142.

12 Cited in Luckyj, Between Gogol' and Sevcenko, p. 186.

Chapter 29: The National Movement after the Reforms

1 Orest Pelech, ‘Toward a Historical Sociology of the Ukrainian Ideologues in the Rus­sian Empire of the 1830s and 1840s’ (unpublished PhD dissertation, Princeton Univer­sity 1976), p. 93.

2 From the poem ‘Klevetnikam Rossii’ (To the Slanderers of Russia, 1831), in Pushkin Threefold (New York 1972), p. 248.

3 From the archival title of the report as reprinted in Fedir Savchenko, Zaborona ukrain- stva 1876 r., 2nd ed. (Munich 1970), p. 381.

4 Friedrich Engels, Po und Rhein (1915), cited in Richard Pipes, The Formation of the Soviet Union, 2nd rev. ed. (New York 1968), p. 21.

Chapter 30: Administrative and Social Structure before 1848

1 Hippolit Stupnicki, Galicya pod wzglqdem topograficzno-geograficzno-historycznym (L'viv 1849), p. 16.

Chapter 32: The Revolution of 1848

1 Cited in Kost' Levyts'kyi, Istoriia politychnoi dumky halyts'kykh ukraintsiv, 1848-1914, Vol. I (L'viv 1926), p. 21.

2 Cited in C.A. Macartney, The Habsburg Empire, 1790-1 g 18 (New York 1969), p. 353.

Chapter 33: Administrative and Socioeconomic Structure, 1849-1914

1 Ivan L. Rudnytsky, ‘The Ukrainians in Galicia under Austrian Rule,’ Austrian History Yearbook, III, pt. 2 (Houston 1967), pp. 406-407.

Chapter 34: The National Movement, 1849-1914

1 Cited in Vasyl' Lev, ‘Borot'ba za ukrains'ku literaturnu movu v Halychyni ta kharakter 11,’ Naukovyi zbimyk Ukrains'koho naukovoho universytetu, VII (Munich 1974), p. 73.

2 levhen Chykalenko, Spohady, l86l-igo7, 2nd ed. (New York 1955), p. 336.

3 Kost' Levyts'kyi, Istoriiapolitychnoidumky halyts'kykh ukraintsiv, 1848—1914, Vol. II (L'viv 1927), p. 634.

4 Cited in C.A.

5 As reported by Ivan A. Sil’vai, ‘Avtobiografiia’ (1898), in his Izbrannye proizvedeniia (Bratislava 1957), p. 144.

6 Mtsiatsoslov na 1909, ed. Avhustyn Voloshyn (Uzhhorod 1908), p. 34.

Chapter 35: World War I and Western Ukraine

1 Omelian O. Popovych, Vidrodzhennia Bukovyny (L'viv 1933), p. 78.

Chapter 36: Revolutions in the Russian Empire

1 Cited in Dmytro Doroshenko, Istoriia Ukrainy, igi7-1923 rr., Vol. I (Uzhhorod 1932), P· 95·

2 From the ultimatum signed by V. Ulianov (Lenin) and L. Trotskii, in ibid., p. 215.

3 Texts of the Ukraine ‘Peace’ (Washington, D.C. 1918), p. 141.

Chapter 37: The Period of the Hetmanate

1 Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Vidrodzhennia natsiia, Vol. Ill (Vienna 1920), p. 16.

2 Dmytro Doroshenko, Istoriia Ukrainy, 1917-1923 rr., Vol. II (Uzhhorod 1930), p. 110.

Chapter 38: The Directory, Civil War, and the Bolsheviks

1 Richard Pipes, The Formation of the Soviet Union, 2nd rev. ed. (New York 1968), p. 137.

2 Benzion Denur, ‘Ukraine,’ in Encyclopedia Judaica, Vol. XV (Jerusalem 1972), p. 1518.

Chapter 39: The West Ukrainian National Republic

1 Cited from the universal reprinted in Mykhailo Lozyns'kyi, Halychyna v rr. 1918-1920 (Vienna 1922), pp. 68-69.

2 Cited in John S. Reshetar, Jr., The Ukrainian Revolution, 1917-1920 (Princeton, N.J. 1952), p. 283.

Chapter 40: The Postwar Division of Ukrainian Lands

1 Article 87, La Paix de Versailles, Vol. XII (Paris 1930), p. 358.

2 Traite entre les Principales Puissances Alliees et Associees et la Tchecoslovaquie (Paris 1919), p. 26.

Chapter 41: Soviet Ukraine: The Struggle for Autonomy

1 Taras Hunczak and Roman Sol'chanyk, eds., Ukrains'ka suspil'no-politychna dumka v 20 stolitti: dokumenty i materiialy, Vol. II (New York 1983), p. 78.

2 Cited in Bohdan Krawchenko, Social Change and National Consciousness in Twentieth­Century Ukraine (New York 1985), p. 56.

3 Theses on the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CP(b)U on the Results of Ukrainianization (June 1926), cited in Robert S. Sullivant, Soviet Politics and the Ukraine, 1917-1957 (New York and London 1962), pp. 113-114.

Chapter 42: Soviet Ukraine: Integration

1 I.S. Koropeckyj, ‘Industry,’ in Encyclopedia of Ukraine, Vol. II, ed. Volodymyr Kubijovyc (Toronto, Buffalo, and London 1988), p. 314.

2 Ivan Koshelivets', Mykola Skrypnyk (Munich 1972), p. 67.

3 P.P. Postyshev, Vborot'bi za lenins'ko-stalins'ku natsional’ nu polityku partil (Kiev 1935), P- 19­

4 From a speech by the deputy minister of education Andrii Khvylia, cited in James E. Mace, Communism and the Dilemmas of National Liberation (Cambridge, Mass. 1983), p. 298.

5 Cited in Robert S. Sullivant, Soviet Politics and the Ukraine, 1917-1957 (New York and London 1962), p. 233.

Chapter 43: Soviet Ukraine: Minority Peoples

1 Tsentral'noe statisticheskoe upravlenie, Vsesoiuznaiaperepis' naseleniia 1926 goda, Vol. XVII (Moscow 1929), pp. 8, 14, 18, and 38.

2 V.I. Lenin, Sochineniia, Vol. XX, 4th ed. (Moscow 1941), p. 12.

3 ‘Crimea,’ in Encyclopedia of Ukraine, Vol. I, ed. Volodymyr Kubijovyc (Toronto, Buffalo, and London 1984), p. 615.

Chapter 44: Ukrainian Lands in Poland

1 Maty rocznik statystyczny (Warsaw 1938), pp. 74-75.

2 Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopedia, Vol. II, ed. Volodymyr Kubijovyc (Toronto 1971), p. 374.

Chapter 45: Ukrainian Lands in Romania and Czechoslovakia

1 Cited in Volodymyr Kurylo et al., Pivnichna Bukovyna, ¿¿ mynule ³ suchasne (Uzhhorod 1969), з 91·

2 Article 8 of Romania’s Primary Education Act of 1924, cited in C.A. Macartney, Hungary and Her Successors: The Treaty of Trianon and Its Consequences, 1919-1937 (London 1937), p. 306.

3 Skolstvi na Podkarpatske Rusi v pritomnosti (Prague 1932); levhen lu. Pelens'kyi, ‘ShkiP- nytstvo. Kul'turno-osvitne zhyttia,’ in Karpats’ka Ukraina (L'viv 1939), pp. 125-127.

Chapter 47: World War È and Nazi German Rule

1 Cited in M. Suprunenko, ‘Ukraina naperedodni ³ v vitchyznianii viini proty nimets'ko- fashystskykh zaharbnykiv,’ in Borot'ba ukrains'koho narodu proty nimets'kykh zaharbnykiv (Ufa 1942), p. 33·

2 Cited in John A. Armstrong, Ukrainian Nationalism, 2nd ed. (Littleton, Colo. 1980), p. 87.

3 Cited in Alexander Dallin, German Rule in Russia, 1941-1945 (New York 1957), p. 67.

Chapter 48: Soviet Ukraine until the Death of Stalin

1 Encyclopedia of Ukraine, Vol. Ill, ed. Danylo Husar Struk (Toronto, Buffalo, and London 1993), P· 543·

2 From a front page article in Pravda (Moscow), 25 May 1945, cited in Yaroslav Bilinsky, The Second Soviet Republic: The Ukraine after World War II (New Brunswick, NJ. 1964), p. 12.

3 Ibid.

4 From articles in Pravda (Moscow) and Izvestiia (Moscow), 12 Jan nary 1954, summarized in ibid., pp. 205-206.

5 ‘Pastyriam i viruiuchym Hreko-katolyts'koi tserkvy, meshkantsiam zakhidnykh oblastei Ukrains'koi RSR,’ cited in Bohdan Rostyslav Bociurkiw, The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and the Soviet State, 1939-1950 (Edmonton and Toronto 1996).

Chapter 49: From Stalin to Brezhnev

1 N. Podgorny, ‘Sovetskaia Ukraina v bratskoi seme narodov SSR,’ Kommunist, No. 8 (Moscow, 1954), p. 22.

2 Bohdan Krawchenko, Social Change and National Consciousness in Twentieth-Century Ukraine (New York 1985), pp. 173, 181, 194, and 205; Stephen Rapawy, Ukraine and the Border Issues (Washington, D.C. 1993), pp. 36 and 40.

3 Krawchenko, Social Change, p. 196.

Chapter 50: From Devolution to Independence

1 Interview with Serhii Odarych, secretary-general of Rukh, in the Economist (London), 17 April 1991.

2 The Popular Movement of Ukraine for Restructuring - RUKH: Program and Charter (Kiev 1989), p. 11.