Reference works

With regard to reference tools, there have been attempts to produce biographical dictionaries for all or part of Galicia, but none have been brought to a successful conclusion. The outstanding bibliographer Ivan E.

Writers from the region have received special attention in dictionary-like works. Fedor F. Aristov began a biobibliographic dictionary of Galician writers of the Old Ruthenian and Russophile orientations, although only one volume of this valuable work appeared.¹³ Vasilii Vavrik has produced a much briefer, though chronologically more encompassing dictionary on writers of similar orientation.¹⁴ Many Galicians are also treated in the five-volume Soviet biobibliographical dictionary of Ukrainian writers, and in the emigre literary dictionary by Bohdan Romanenchuk, only the first two volumes of which have appeared to date (through the Ukrainian letter H).¹⁵ There are a few biographical dictionaries of

10 The most important of the several Polish encyclopedias from the standpoint of Galicia are the nineteenth-century Encyklopedja powszechna, 28 vols, ed.

The Austrian biographical dictionaries with entries on figures from Galicia are Constant von Wurzbach, Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich, 60 vols (Vienna: L.C. Zamarsti and Vlg. der K.K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei 1856-91), which includes 742 biographies of Galicians; Osterreichisches biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950, 6 vols [A-M], ed. Leo Santifaller and Eva Obermayer-Marnach (Graz and Koln: Hermann Bohlaus, 1957-73), still in preparation. The Galician entries in the latter work are discussed by Wieslaw Bienkowski, “Galizien und das ‘Osterreichische Biographische Lexikon’: zur Geschichte der polnischen biographischen Arbeiten im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert,” Anzeiger der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, philosophisch-historische Klasse, CV (Vienna 1968), pp. 41-57.

11 Ottüv slovnik naucny, 28 vols (Prague: J. Otto 1888-1909), and the almost complete [A-U]

supplement: Ottüv slovnik naucny nove doby, ed. B. NSmec, 6 vols in 12 (Prague: J. Otto 1930-43). ’

12 A.D. Skaba et al., eds, Radians'ka entsyklopediia istorii Ukrainy, 4 vols (Kiev: AN URSR 1969-72).

13 Fedor F. Aristov, Karpato-russkie pisateli: izsliedovanie po neizdannym istochnikam, vol. I (Moscow: Galitsko-russkoe obshchestvo, 1916); 2nd rev. ed. (Bridgeport, Conn.: Carpatho- Russian Literary Association 1977). The second edition contains a description of the two following volumes proposed.

14 Vasilii R. Vavrik, Kratkii ocherk galitsko-russkoi pis’mennosti (Louvain 1973).

15 Ukrains’ki pys'mennyky: bio-bibliohrafichnyi slovnyk, 5 vols (Kiev: Khudozhnia literatura Galician writers from specific periods and regions.^{[92] [93]}Finally, Irynei Nazarko has written biographies of all Galician metropolitans.^[94]

With regard to the geographic composition of Galicia, comprehensive lists of all villages, towns, and cities are found in statistical surveys compiled under the Austrian and Polish regimes.^[95] These can also be supplemented by the schema- tisma produced periodically by each of the Greek Catholic (L’viv, Przemysl, Stanyslaviv) and Roman (L’viv, Przemysl) dioceses covering eastern Galicia.^[96] Systematic descriptions of the province as a whole with emphasis on geography, demography, and economic life are found in nineteenth-century works by Hipolit Stupnicki and lakiv Holovats’kyi.^[97] There is also a mine of geographical, histori­cal, and statistical information on individual Galician towns and villages in the multivolume geographical dictionary of Poland and neighboring Slavic lands completed on the eve of World War I.^[98] For the status of the province during the first half of the twentieth century, it is necessary to consult works by Franciszek Bujak and Ivan Shymonovych, and a Polish encyclopedia that appeared just after World War I.^[99] During the interwar period, plans were made to produce a Polish regional encyclopedia for eastern Galicia (the L’viv, Ternopil’ and Stanyslaviv provinces), but only one volume dealing with geography, archeology, structural anthropology, and ethnography was completed.^[100] Soviet writers have prepared works dealing with the geography of certain areas in Galicia,^[101] and several members of the L’viv Central State Historical Archive have prepared a very useful guide describing the administrative, judicial, financial, and economic structure of Galicia from the fourteenth century to 1939.^[102] There are also several guidebooks with valuable factual data on all aspects of the province.^[103]