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Group IV Symptomatic HIV infection before the development of AIDS

The progression of HIV infection is a result of a decline in immune competence that occurs due to increased replication of HIV from sites where it has been latent. The exact triggers for this reactivation are poorly understood.

As the disease progresses, infected persons may suffer from constitutional symptoms, skin and mouth problems and haematological disorders, many of which are easy to treat or alleviate. A decrease in viral load in response to the introduction of antiretroviral therapy often corresponds to a complete or partial resolution of these symptoms.

Table 4.2 Differential diagnosis of glandular fever­like illness

Condition Test
Viral
Infectious mononucleosis Paul-Bunnell
Cytomegalovirus Serology/culture
Rubella Serology
Herpes simplex HSV culture
Adenovirus Serology
Hepatitis B/C Serology
HIV HIV, Ab, Ag, PCR
Protozoal
Toxoplasmosis Serology
Bacterial
Syphilis Serology
Streptococcal pharyngitis Bacterial culture
Brucellosis Serology
Neoplastic
Lymphoma or leukaemia Full blood count/diff
Lymph node biopsy
Bone marrow

Table 4.3 Common causes of generalised lymphadenopathy
Condition Test
Infections
Bacterial
Syphilis Serological tests (Venereal Diseases
Research Laboratory), Treponema
pallidum haemagglutination and
Fluorescent Antibody tests
Brucellosis Serological tests
Viral
Infectious mononucleosis Paul-Bunnell
(Epstein-Barr virus)
Cytomegalovirus CMV cultures or antibodies
Hepatitis A Serology
Hepatitis B Serology
Rubella Serology
Parasites
Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma serology
Tumours
Lymphomas, leukaemia’s Full blood count, lymph node biopsy,
or other tumours CT or MRI scans etc.
Miscellaneous
Sarcoidosis Clinical features, Kviem test

Box 4.3 Indications for lymph node biopsy

• Constitutional symptoms

• Painful nodes

• Asymmetrical enlargement

• Sudden increase in size

• Hilar lymphadenopathy

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Source: Alder M.W.. ABC of AIDS. Fifth edition. —BMJ Publishing Group,2001. — 126 p.. 2001
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