Human Bites
• Human bites, particularly clenched fist injuries, are prone to infection and other complications. The normal oral flora of humans includes viridans streptococci, staphylococci, Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium spp., peptostreptococci, and Eikenella corrodens.
• Prophylaxis with amoxicillin-clavulanate 875 mg/125 mg PO q12h for 5 days is recommended for uninfected wounds.
• Infected wounds may require parenteral therapy, such as ampicillin-sulbactam 1.5 g IV q6h, cefoxitin 2 g IV q8h, or ticarcillin-clavulanate 3.1 g IV q6h for 1-2 weeks. Therapy should be extended to 4-6 weeks if osteomyelitis is present.
Health Care-Associated Infections
• HAIs substantially contribute to morbidity, mortality, and excess healthcare costs. Efforts to control and prevent the spread of HAIs require an institutional assessment of resources, priorities, and commitment to infection control practices (see Appendix B, Infection Control and Isolation Recommendations).
• CRBSIs (see the “Bloodstream Infections and Catheter-related Bloodstream Infections” section).
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