The Oslo transition: advocacy and protest
The profound political crisis of Palestinian nationalism after Oslo is the main contributor to the decline in mass political activity, as well as the transference from informal to formal politics that marks transitions to statehood.
Interestingly, the women’s movement has been the most successful of the social movements in the occupied territories in bridging the Oslo transition for a variety of reasons, including, paradoxically, women’s marginalization from national leadership (Jad et al. 2000). This exclusion produced the ability to act more independently than other Palestinian social movements or mass organizations. At the same time, the mass activism that marked the women’s movement’s experience in the intifada has largely been replaced by an NGO model of lobbying, advocacy and workshopstyle educational and developmental activities, although the movement’s strategy and activities have included protests as well, such as demonstrations against Israeli closure of the West Bank and Gaza and for the release of prisoners.This transformation has had contradictory effects on opportunities for legal reform. At the same time as it has given the women’s movement tools and resources for legal reform initiatives, it has taken away some of its ability to mobilize - and to represent - women in various settings and strata of society and even its claims to nationalist ‘authenticity’. Both the ‘professionalization’ of women’s NGOs (Harnmami 1995) and the nationalist and social history of the movement are important dynamics in considering the legal reform initiatives in the five years after Oslo and the constraints and opportunities in the coming period of Palestinian statehood.
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