Introduction
Prenatal diagnosis has vastly developed over the last 50 years. Until the 1970s, the assessment of the fetus was limited to determining the position using the Leopold manoeuvres and registering the fetal heart beat by ultrasonography.
Ultrasound examination was introduced in the 1980s in the United Kingdom as part of routine antenatal care. However, uniformity on the timing and requirements of routine ultrasound scanning has only been standardized relatively recently across the country. Obstetric ultrasound scanning has advanced rapidly since its inception, which has aided earlier and better diagnosis of fetal abnormalities.Ultrasound is generally accepted to be safe for antenatal use. However, the development of ultrasound has led to equipment capable of higher energy output. Potential risks of thermal or mechanical damage exist with prolonged exposure to ultrasound in general, and the use of pulsed wave Doppler in particular. The advice is to limit the exposure to as low as is reasonably achievable (ALARA). Ultrasound should always be used prudently.
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