Introduction
Genetic predisposition
Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, with the most frequent sites of implantation being the pelvic viscera and the peritoneum (1).
Although endometriosis is a benign oestrogen-dependent disease, its management is often frustrating due to limited medical treatment options, complex surgical treatment, and high recurrence rates after both surgical and medical treatment (1). While some women with endometriosis experience painful symptoms and/or infertility, others have no symptoms at all (2). In this chapter we will first discuss the prevalence, risk factors, and genetic predisposition for endometriosis, then focus on the pathogenesis and clinical phenotypes of the disease, followed by sections on the diagnosis and staging of the disease, and finally the medical and surgical treatment.
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