Communication Deficits
A variety of communication impairments can be seen after TBI in children. If there is focal injury in areas of the brain that control language, aphasia can be seen. Also, motoric impairment can contribute to dysarthria.
In general, the communication impairments that are seen more commonly are due to other cognitive deficits, such as memory impairment and executive function concerns (149). Difficulties with response speed can contribute to a reduced rate of speech and, conversely, impulse control difficulties can result in a rapid rate of speech (151). Word finding and verbal learning deficits are common, potentially relating to memory impairment (149,152). Discourse, abstract language, and social interaction with language are all commonly impaired (149,153). Also, verbal working memory, which is commonly impaired, is important in acquiring language, reading, and arithmetic in children (154). Authors report that ability to use language functionally is typically more impaired than one would expect from reported results of standardized intelligence testing (155).
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