Genitourinary Disorders
The development of urinary continence is typically delayed in children with CP. A study of 601 children with cerebral palsy found that by the age of 6, 54% of children with spastic quadriparesis and 80% with spastic hemiparesis or diparesis had gained urinary continence spontaneously (55).
The most important factors associated with urinary incontinence were quadriparesis and impaired cognition. Incontinence was the most common complaint, but frequency, urgency, hesitancy, and urinary retention may also be present. Frequency and urgency are often associated with spasticity of the detrusor muscle, causing small, frequent voids. Detrusor overactivity and a small bladder capacity were the most common findings on urodynamic studies in children referred for voiding dysfunction, but a minority were also found to have detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (56,57).
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- P Keerthi Kundana, Mona Gajre, Alpana Kondekar, Mukesh AgrawalNeurological disorders account for ~15-20% of hospitalizations, which may be divided into three major categories: (a) central nervous system disorders, involving brain and spinal cord, (b) neuromuscular disorders involving peripheral nerves and muscles, and rare disorders of autonomic nervous system.
- Rheumatic disorders (connective tissue disorders or collagen vascular disorders') is a collective term to denote a large group of conditions with variable manifestations but two common characteristics: (a) acute or chronic inflammation of multiple target organs, specially musculoskeletal system and vasculitis, and (b) an underlying abnormal immune response, e.g. autoimmune etiology.
- DISORDERS OF DERMIS DISORDERS OF SUBCUTANEOUS FA
- MOVEMENT DISORDERS
- IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISORDERS
- HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS
- SYSTEMIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS
- SPINAL CORD DISORDERS
- Vesiculobullous disorders
- ANXIETY DISORDERS
- NEURQDEGENERATiVE DISORDERS
- DISORDERS OF LIPID METABOLISM
- LEUKOCYTE DISORDERS
- AUTISTICSPECTRUM DISORDERS
- Esophageal Motor Disorders
- Motor Speech Disorders
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