Index

A

Abdominal distension 382 mass/lump 382 migraine 378 pain 378 acute 378, 379 recurrent 378,379 functional 378 functional vs organic 379 trauma 813

Abdominocentesis 883

Abetalipoproteinemia 285,409

ABO-hemolytic disease (ABO-HDN) 340

Absence seizures 547

Acetabular index 723

Achalasia 387

Acheiria 721

Achondroplasia 729

Acid-base balance, normal 123

Acid-base disorders 123 evaluation 124 pathophysiology 124

Acne vulgaris 773

Acro/oxycephaly 720

Acrocyanosis 312

Acrodermatitis enteropathica 111, 409

Acromegaly 693

Acromelia 729

ACTH challenge test 702

Acute adrenal insufficiency 703

Acute cortical necrosis 674

Acute encephalitis syndrome 569

Acute epiglottitis 449

Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) case classification 217 differential diagnosis 216 surveillance 216,586

Acute hepatic failure 422 causes 422 clinical features 422 management 423

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy 588

Acute intermittent porphyria 290

Acute interstitial nephritis 680

Acute intestinal obstruction 409

Acute kidney injury 671 in newborns 674

Acute life-threatening events 828

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia 639

Acute phase proteins 133

Acute respiratory distress syndrome 801 Berlin criteria 802

Acute respiratory failure 799

ABG analysis 800

Acute tonsillopharyngitis 445

Acute transverse myelitis 583

Acute tubular necrosis 680

Adactylia 721

Adaptive immune response, physiology 134

Adaptive immunity 131

Addison disease 703

Adenoidal hypertrophy 447

Adenoma sebaceum 579

Adenovirus infections 229

Adolescence

behavioural changes 364

common health problems 365

psychosocial problems 368

Adolescent

bunions 725

friendly health clinics 836

friendly health services 370

growth 363

health check-up 369

Adrenal crisis, see Acute adrenal insufficiency

Adrenocortical insufficiency 701

Adrenogenital syndrome 705

Adrenoleukodystrophies 582

Adverse events following immunization 165 causality assessment 166 classification 165

definition 165

reporting 166

Aerosol

devices 456

therapy 455

Alacrima 778

Alagille syndrome 273 Albinism 282,761

Albright hereditary osteodystrophy, see Pseudohypoparathyroidism Aldehyde test 253

Alkaptonuria 283

Allens's test 871

Allergic

bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 465 conjunctivitis 779

rhinitis 443

Alopecia 773 cc-fetoprotein 296

Alport's syndrome 664, 720

Amaurosis 786

Ambiguous genitalia 706

Amblyopia 787

Amebiasis 255

amebic liver abscess 255

extraintestinal 255

intestinal 255

management 255

Amelia 721

Amenorrhea in adolescents 366

Ametropia 787

Amniotic band disruption sequence 361 Amniotic constriction bands 721, 753 Amylase rich foods 96

Anaerobic infections 207

clinical spectrum 207

risk factors 207

Anal fissures 411

Anaphylaxis 142

clinical presentation 142 management 143 precipitating agents 142

Anatomy of

bones 719

gastrointestinal tract 372 kidney 653 liver 416

respiratory tract 430

skin 752

Anderson disease 288

Anemia 599

acquired pure red cell 615

aplastic 614

acquired 614

constitutional 614

autoimmune hemolytic 614 congenital dyserythropoietic 616 etiological classification 599 G6PD deficiency 608 in chronic diseases 615

in newborn 357

iron deficiency 602

juvenile pernicious 103, 606 megaloblastic 605 morphological classification 600 physiological, of infancy 602

Anemia Mukt Bharat 605

Anencephaly 558

Aneuploidy 266

Aneurysmal bone cyst 736

Angioneurotic edema 764

Angle sign 105

Anhidrosis 774

Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 754 Anion gap 125

Aniridia 782

Anisometropia 788

Ankylostomiasis 258

Anorectal malformations

classification 394

embryogenesis 394

Anorexia nervosa 368

Antalgic gait 728

Antenatal care 294

Anterior horn cell disorders 587

Anthropometric assessment 84

Anthropometric indicators 7

Antiarrhythmic agents 521

Anticonvulsant drugs 544 Antihypertensive drugs, 526

Anti-nuclear antibodies 738

Anti-oxidants 68,112

Anti-snake venom 818

Aortic regurgitation 513

Aortic stenosis 500

Apgar scoring 304

Aphthous ulcers 384

Aplasia cutis congenital 753 Aplastic crises 613

Apnea

primary 300

terminal 300

Apnea of prematurity 337

Apnea test 810

Appendicitis, acute 410

Appetite test 91

Apt and Downey test 356

Aqueduct stenosis 561

Arnold-Chiari malformation 561

Arrhythmia 519

Artemisinin combination therapy 249

Arterial ischemic strokes 551

Arthritis

acute 733

chronic 742 enthesitis-related 741 juvenile idiopathic 739 diagnostic criteria 741 etiopathogenesis 739 ILAR classification 739 laboratory diagnosis 741 management 742 sub-types 740

poststreptococcal reactive 179 psoriatic 741

reactive 733

rheumatic 509

septic 732

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenital 722

Artificial immunity 144

Ascariasis 256

Ascites 414

Ash-Ieaf macules 579

Askin tumor 649

Ask-upmark kidney 659

Asperger's disorder 50

Aspergillosis 244

Aspiration pneumonia 464

Assessment of vision in children 786

Assignment of sex of rearing 708

Assman's focus 191

Asthma, bronchial 452 anti-asthmatic medications 455,456 asthma symptom control classification 459

clinical manifestations 453

clinical variants 454 diagnosis 454 difficult to control asthma 460 etiopathogenesis 452 management 455

management, step-wise 458 pathophysiology 453,454 step-wise pharmacotherapy 459

Asthmatic exacerbation, acute 454 emergency management 457 severity assessment 458

Astigmatism 788

Astrocytoma, cerebellar 577

Ataxia 554

acute cerebellar 555

Friedreich 582

hysterical 555

recurrent 555

telangiectasia 577,580

Atelectasis 471

Athetosis 556

Atlanto-axial joint instability 726

Atonic seizures 549

Atrial

complexes, premature 519 fibrillation 520

flutter 520

Atrial septal defects 499

course and complications 500 hemodynamics 499 management 500

Atrioventricular blocks 521

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 52 diagnostic criteria 54

Auspitz sign 768

Austin flint murmur 486

Autistic spectrum disorders 50 diagnostic criteria 51 screening guidelines 50

Autoimmune hepatitis 426

Autoimmune polyglandular endocrinopathies 697

Autonomic bladder 531

Autonomic storm 818

Autosomal dominant (AD) disorders 267

Autosomal recessive (AR) disorders 267

B

Babinski sign 530

Babyfriendlyhospital initiative 76 Back pain 727

Back-blows and chest-thrust

maneuver 793

Bacterial conjunctivitis 779

Bacterial tracheitis 450

Bag and mask ventilation 797

Balanced diet 80

Ballismus 556

Bangle test 85

Banti syndrome 632

Barlow test 722

Baroda development screening test 23 Barr body 270

Bartter syndrome 679

Basic life-support 790

algorithm 791

Bayley scale of infant development 42

Â-cell disorders 136

BCG lymphadenitis 148

BCG vaccine 147

BCGiosis 148

Becker muscular dystrophy 592

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome 647 Beh#962;et's disease 746

Bell palsy 590

Bell tympany, see Coin test

Benedict test 656

Benign myoclonus in newborn 355

Benign myoclonus of infancy 548

Benign rolandic epilepsy 549

Benzidine test 656

Berger disease, see IgA nephropathy Beriberi 101

Bernard-Soulier syndrome 625 #946;-thalassemia 609

Bezoars 390

Bilirubin metabolism 337

Biomedical waste disposal 261 Biopsy, liver 881

Biopsy, renal 882

Biot's breathing 433

Biotin deficiency 104

Biotinidase deficiency 285

Birbeck granules 650

Birth asphyxia 316

diagnostic criteria 316

multi-organ dysfunction in 317 pathophysiology 316

Bitot's spot 99

Bladder exstrophy 682 Blalock-Taussig shunt Bleeding neonate 355 causes of 356

diagnostic approach 356

Blepharitis 777 Blepharospasm 777 Blind loop syndrome 409

Blindness 786

Blood pressure 482, 858

Blood transfusion set 872

Blood-product transfusions 629 complications 630 guidelines

plasma transfusions 630

platelet transfusions 630

RBC transfusion 629

Bloom syndrome 273, 765

Body

fluids 115

proportions 9,860

surface area nomogram 888

Body mass index 8, 860

Bone age

advanced 10

assessment 10

delayed 10

Bone marrow aspiration 880

Bone marrow aspiration needle 880

Bone masses 735

bone-in-bone appearance 731 Bornholm disease, see Pleurodynia Botulism 206

Bowing, physiological 723 Bow-legs, see Genu varum BP instrument and cuffs 887 Brachial plexus injuries 319 Brachycephaly 720 Brachydactyly 721 Brain abscess 573

Brain death 809

criteria for death 810

Brain herniation, signs of 538

brain injury, clinical indicators of 812 Branchial clefts, sinuses or cysts 753 Breakthrough varicella 212

Breast

abscess 73

crawl 71

engorgement 73 masses in adolescents 366

Breast milk

composition 69 jaundice 340 stools 313

Breastfeeding

advantages 69

antenatal preparation and counselling 71 in special situations 74

medications in lactating mothers 75 positions 72

signs of effective sucking 72

signs of good attachment 72 signs of good position 72

Breath-holding spells 63

Breech deformation sequence 361

Brittle diabetes 715

Brodie's abscess 732

Broke procedure 505

Bromhidrosis 774

Bronchiectasis 466

Bronchiolitis obliterans 452

Bronchiolitis, acute 451

Bronchitis, acute 452

Bronchitis, chronic 452

Bronchogenic cysts 471

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 336

Bronchoscopy 438

Brucellosis 189

Brudzinski's sign 528, 565

Brush-field spots 782

Bruton agammaglobulinemia 136

Bruxism 60

Budd-Chiari syndrome 429

Bulimia nervosa 368

Bull's eye sign 410

Burns and scalds 814 classification 814 percentage burn in children 814

Burping 73

Butterfly rash 743

C

Cafe-au-lait spots 577, 760

Calcium 120

homeostasis 120 recommended dietary allowance 120 sources 120

Candidiasis 243

chronic mucocutaneous 137 clinical spectrum 243 cutaneous 758 diagnosis 243 high-risk factors 243 treatment 243

Cannulation

arterial 871

central venous 871 intraosseous 870 peripheral venous 868

Canthal index 721

Caput succedaneum 319

Carbohydrates 68

Carbuncle 756

Cardiac

arrest in children

management algorithm 798 catheterization 490 cycle 479 examination 483 magnetic resonance imaging 490 tamponade 522

Cardiomegaly 486

Cardiomyopathy

dilated 517 hypertrophic 518 restrictive 518

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 790

Cardio-thoracic ratio 486

Carey Coombs murmur 486 Carnitine deficiency 285

Caroli disease 428

Carpenter syndrome 720

Carpopedal spasm 122

Casts 657

Cataplexy 551

Cataract 783

Cat-eye reflex 784 Catheterization, umbilical vein 870 Cavernous hemangiomas 755

Celiac disease 405

Cell-mediated immunity 131

Cellulitis 756

orbital 777

Centor criteria 446

Central venous cannulation 806 Cephalohematoma 319

Cerebral gigantism 41, 693

Cerebral malaria 572

diagnostic criteria, WHO 573 treatment 573

Cerebral palsy 563 clinical types ataxic 564 atonic 564 spastic 563 extrapyramidal 564 early indicators 564 etiology 563 management 564

Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis 552

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination 532 physiology of CSF formation 560 straw-color CSF 568

Cerebrovascular strokes 551

Cervical lymph nodes, anatomy of 634

Cervical ribs 727

Chaddock's sign 530

Chalazion 777 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 589 Charge association 361

Chediak-Higashi syndrome 136

Cheilitis 384

Chelation therapy 611

Chemical conjunctivitis 779 Chenye-stokes breathing 433

Cherry-red epiglottis 449

Cherry-red spot 784

Chest circumference 9

Chest compressions 791 two-finger technique 792 two-thumb technique 792 two-hand technique 791

Chest pain 442, 481

Chest wall injuries 813 Chickenpox 212

clinical presentation 212 complications 213 hemorrhagic 213 neonatal 213 pathogenesis 212 prevention 213

Chikungunya 221

Child

abuse and neglect 838

behaviour, determinants 56 development units 43 guidance clinic 65 health

current status 3

determinants 2 indicators, India 829, 830 interventional strategies 3 labour 839 mortality rate 832

CHILD syndrome 469

Childhood primary angiitis of central nervous systems 553

Childhood undernutrition 86 classifications 90 clinical spectrum 87 complications 90 diagnostic assessment 89 etiopathogenesis 86 management 91 prevention 97

Chlamydial infections 244

Chloride-loosing enteropathy 409 Choanal atresia 443

Cholecystitis, acute 413

Choledochal cysts 413

Cholelithiasis 413

Cholera 188

Cholera vaccine 156

Chondrodysplasias 728

Chorea 556

Chorea, benign hereditary 556

Chorioretinitis 781

Christmas disease 625

Chromium deficiency 112

Chromosomal disorders 269 clinical indicators 269

Chronic bullous disease of childhood 767

Chronic diarrhea 404

causes 404

Chronic gastritis 390

Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood 136

Chronic kidney disease 675

KDIGO classification 675 management 676

NKF-KDOQI classification 675 pathogenesis 675 severity 675

Chronic liver disease 424 causes 424 clinical indicators 424 management 425

Chronic myelogenous leukemia 643 adult 643 juvenile 643

Chronic tonsillitis 446

Chylothorax 475

Circumcision 689

Clasp-knife spasticity 530

Clavicular fractures in newborns 320 Claw sign 410 Cleft lip 382

Cleft palate 382

Clinodactyly 721

Clitoral hypertrophy 865

Clotting time 621

Clouston syndrome 754

Clubbing 483,859

Coagulation

cascade 619

disorders 625

factors 619

Coarctation of aorta 501

Cobalamin (B12) deficiency 103 Cockayne syndrome 765

Cog-wheel rigidity 530

Coin test 435

Cold chain system 164

Cold-chain equipment 164 Collodion baby 755 Coloboma of iris 782

Colostrum 69

Comatose child 534 causes of 535 diagnostic evaluation 535 management 536

Combination vaccines 158

Comedones 774

Commando-crawl 563

Common cold, see Acute rhinitis

Common variable immunodeficiency disorder 137

Complement disorders 136 Complement system 132 Complementary feeding 78 characteristics 79

principles 79

Complete blood count 598

Complete heart block 522

Condom catheter 886

Congenital

adrenal hyperplasia 702

neonatal screening 702

prenatal diagnosis 702 asplenia 634 dacryostenosis 778 giant pigmented nevi 761 hepatic fibrosis 428 hydronephrosis 659 malformations 360

classification 360

causes 360

diagnostic clues 361

megacolon, see Hirschprung^zS disease muscular dystrophies 593 pure red cell aplasia 615 rubella syndrome 211,350 scoliosis 727

syphilis 352 toxoplasmosis 352 varicella syndrome 213

Congestive cardiac failure 490 causes 491

clinical manifestations 491 indicators in infancy 492 management 492 pathogenesis 490 resistant 494

severity assessment 492 Consanguinity 275

Constipation in newborn 314 Constipation, functional 380 Continuous kidney replacement therapy 674

Conversion disorder 64

Cooley's anemia 610

Coomb test 614

Copper 112 deficiency 112 toxicity 112

Cord clamping delayed 299 early 299

Corneal opacities 781 reflex 529 reflex test 788

Cornelia de Iange syndrome 721

Corpus callosum, agenesis of 560 Cortical thumb 564

Cough remedies 440

Cough, recurrent or persistent 438

Counseling developmental delay 43 failure to thrive 34 parents of serious/terminally ill child 809

Cour en sabot appearance 504

Cover test 788

COVID vaccines 157

COVID-19 infection 225 diagnosis 225 management 226 pathogenesis 225

Cow-milk protein allergy 406

Cradle cap 769

Cranio-Cerebral trauma 811

Craniopharyngioma 577

Craniosynostosis 720

Cretinism, endemic 698 myxedematous type 698 neurological type 698

Cri-du-chat syndrome 272

Crigler-Najjar syndrome 341

Crohn disease 406

Croup 449

Crouzon syndrome 720

Crown-to-rump vs rump-to-heel ratio (CR:RH ratio) 9

Cry in newborn 314

Cryptococcosis 244

Cryptorchidism 688

Cullen sign 374

Cushing disease 703

Cushing syndrome 703

Cutis Iaxa 755

Cyanosis 482

causes 483

clinical types

central 483 differential 483 peripheral 483

Cyanotic or anoxic spells 504 complications 504 management 504

Cyclic neutropenia 136

Cystic adenomatous malformation, congenital 470

Cystic fibrosis 468 diagnosis 468 pathogenesis 468

Cystic hygroma 636

Cystinosis 679

Cytokines 132 Cytomegalovirus disease 225

perinatal 351

D

Dacryoadenitis 778 Dancing eye-Dancing feet syndrome 646 Dandy-Walker malformation 561

Dawn phenomenon 715

Death criteria 809 Decerebrate posture 530 Decorticate posture 529 Deep tendon reflexes 530

grading 530 Defibrillation 793 Dehydration 116,860

causes 117

hypernatremic dehydration 117 hyponatremic dehydration 116 isonatremic dehydration 116 severity assessment 117 Dehydration fever 314 Delee's mucus extractor 873

Delirium 537

Delivery room care 298 Demographic profile of India 829 Dengue 218

case definitions 220

clinical case classification 220

clinical spectrum 218 diagnosis 219 epidemiology 218 etiopathogenesis 218 expanded dengue syndrome 219 fluid replacement therapy 220 hemorrhagic fever (DHS) 219 management 219 prevention 221 shock-like syndrome (DSS) 219 warning symptoms and signs 219 Dengue vaccine 157 Dengvaxia 221 Dennie's lines 443

Dermie-Morgan folds 443 Dermis-Brown splint 724 Dental caries 383

Dentition, delayed 10 Dentition, normal 9 Denver development screening test 23 Denys-Drash syndrome 647 Dermatitis herpetiformis 768 Dermatitis, atopic 770 Dermatitis, contact 771

allergic 771

irritant 771

Dermatitis, seborrheic 769 Dermatomyositis, juvenile 745 Dermatophytoses 758 Development 5,18

assessment 21

assessment kit 22 assessment tests 42 delay 41 deviance 41 dissociation 41 laws of 18 milestones 19 quotient 41

regression 41 screening 23 screening, IAP guidelines 42 surveillance 21

Developmental dysplasia of hip 722 Dexamethasone suppression test 704 Diabetes

insipidus 694 central 694 nephrogenic 694

insipidus, nephrogenic 680 mellitus 710

mellitus, maturity onset 715 mellitus, type I 711 diagnosis 712 diagnostic criteria 711 etiopathogenesis 711 insulin dose modifications 714 insulin therapy 713 late complications 715 management 712 monitoring 714 pathophysiology 711

mellitus, type II 715

Diabetic coma 711

Diabetic ketoacidosis 711

diagnostic criteria 712 management 712 pathophysiology 712

Diamond-Blackfan syndrome 615 Diaphragmatic hernia 387 Diaphragmatic paralysis 336 Diarrhea

acute 396 antimicrobial therapy 400 anti-secretory agents 401 causes 396

diagnostic assessment 397 fluid replacement therapy, WHO guidelines 398 nutritional management 401 pathogenesis 396 pathophysiology 397 probiotics and prebiotics 400 zinc supplementation 400 in newborn 313 persistent 401

dietary plan 402 etiopathogenesis 401 micronutrient supplementation 403 risk-factors 402

Diarrrhea treatment and training units 401 Diastematomyelia 584

Dietary assessment 84

Dietel's crisis 380

DiGeorge syndrome 137, 272, 700 Digitalization in children 493 Digoxin toxicity 493

Dine's formula 8

Diphtheria 180

clinical features 181

complications 181 diagnosis 181 management 182 prevention 182

Diplopia 787 Dipstick 656 Disaccharide (lactose) intolerance 403 Disorders of sex development 706

Disorders of sex-steroids 705 Disseminated intravascular coagulation 627

Dog bite, management 231 active immunization 232 local wound care 231 passive immunization 231 post-exposure prophylaxis 232 re-exposure prophylaxis 232 WHO categories 231

Doll's eye maneuver 529 Double-bubble sign 391 Double-track sign 390 Doughnut sign 410

Down syndrome 270 clinical phenotype 270 cytogenetics 270 genetic counselling 271 parental counselling 272 periodic screening 271 prenatal screening 272 recurrence risk 271

Dravet syndrome 547

Drip and drop method 97

Dripping candle appearance 579 Drowning and near drowning 815 Drug dyskinesia 551

Drug fever 177

Drug-induced lupus 745 Drugs and medications 888 antibiotics 888 anti-fungal agents 896 anti-malarial agents 896 anti-parasitic agents 897 anti-protozoal 897 anti-tubercular agents 893 anti-viral agents 894 general medications 899

Dry powder inhalers 877

Dry-eye, see Alacrima

DT vaccine 149

DTaP vaccines 149

DTwP 148

Duchenne muscular dystrophy 591 Duhamel's pull-through operation 394 Duke criteria 515

Duodenal atresia 391

Dyscalculia 45

Dyscoria or corectopia 782 Dysentery, causes of 186

Dysgraphia 45

Dyslexia 45

Dysmenorrhea 366

Dysphagia 376

Dyspnea 480

New York Heart Association (NYHA) grades 480

Dystonia 555

Dystonia musculorum deformans 583

E

Earache, see Otalgia

Early childhood development 18 Early neonatal mortality rate 293 Eaton agent 245

Ebstein anomaly 506 Echocardiography 489

Ectodermal dysplasia 753

Ectopia lentis 783

Ectopic pelvic kidneys 659

Ectropion 777

Eczema 770

Eczema, dyshidrotic 771

Edema 116, 312, 859

causes 116

diagnostic approach 116 pulmonary 472

Edrophonium (tensilon) test 590 Edward syndrome 272 EEC syndrome 754

Egg on string appearance 505 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 755 Electrocardiography 487 Electrophysiological studies 534 Elephant man see Proteus syndrome Embryology

tracheo-esophageal fistula 385 Embryogenesis, Anorectal malformations 394

Embryogenesis, lungs 430 Embryology of

anorectal malformations 394 bones 719

brain 557

cleft lip and cleft palate 382 diaphragmatic hernia 388 gastrointestinal tract 372 heart 477

Hirschprung's disease kidney 653 liver 416 lungs 430 skin 751

tracheo-esophageal fistula 385 urinary tract 680

Emphysema 472

Empyema thoracis 473 Encephalitis 569 anti-n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor

(ANMDAR) 571 autoimmune 571 herpes 571 Japanese 570 Rasmussen 572 viral 569

Encephalocele 558 Encephalomyelitis, acute disseminated 571

Encephalopathy 569 Enchondroma 736

Encopresis 59

diagnostic criteria 60 Endocardial fibroelastosis 519 Endotracheal tube 875 Endotracheal intubation 796, 875 End-stage renal disease 675 Energy 67

Enophthalmos 776

Enteric fever 183

carrier state 185 complications 184 diagnosis 184 management 185 pathogenesis 184 prevention 185

Enterobiasis 257

Enteroviral infections 217

clinical spectrum 217

Entropion 777

Enuresis 58

Enuresis_z diagnostic criteria (DSM-V) 58

Enuresis_z primary 59

Enuresis_z secondary 59

Enzyme replacement therapy 277

Eosinopenia 618

Eosinophilia 618

Eosinophilic granuloma 650

Ephelides or freckles 761

Epicanthic folds 778

Epidermolysis bullosa 768

Epididymo-Orchitis 690

Epilepsy 541

Epilepsy syndromes 547

Epileptic encephalopathy 547

Epileptic spasms 542

Episcleritis 780

Epispadias 683

Epistaxis 444

Epstein pearls 313

Epstein-Barr virus 224

Equinus gait 728

Erb-Duchenne paralysis 319

Erysipelas 756

Erythema infectiosum 211 marginatum 509 multiforme 767 nodosum 772 toxicum 312

Erythroblastosis fetalis 339 Erythrocytic protoporphyria 291 Erythropoiesis 597

Erythropoietin 632

Esbach's method 656

Esophagitis 387

Evening colic 57, 314

Eventration 388

Ewing sarcoma 649

Ewing's family 649

Examination of a newborn 304

Examination, abdomen 373

Examination, respiratory system 434

Exanthem subitum, see Roseola infantum Exanthematous fevers 175

Exchange transfusion 342 Exophthlamos 776

Expressed breast milk 77

Expressivity 265

Extended neonatal mortality rate 293 Extensor plantar response 530 Extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation 801

Extra-hepatic biliary atresia 345 Extrasystoles 519

F

F-IOO diet 94

F-75 diet 94

Fabry disease 287

Face-mask 874

Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy 593

Failure to thrive 34

causes 34 diagnostic approach 35 management 35 parental counseling trial feeding 35

Fallot physiology 503

Fanconi syndrome 679 Fanconi-Bickel syndrome 288 Farber disease 287

Fats 67

Febrile neutropenia 176 management 177 risk-stratification 177 severity 176

Febrile seizures 545

prophylaxis 546

simple vs complex 546

Female pseudohermaphroditism 707 Fetal

circulation 478

distress 296

growth chart 321 monitoring 294 therapy 296 to neonatal transition 478

Fetal hydantoin syndrome 721

Fever in children 172

diagnostic considerations 173 management 174

prolonged fever 173

with localizing signs 172 without focus 172

in neutropenic child see febrile neutropenia

with purpura see hemorrhagic fevers with rash see exanthematous fevers Fibers 68

Fibrinolytic system 620

FIGLUtest 103,606

Figure of 8 appearance 506 Filariasis 254

Finger pulse oximeter 887 Finger-to-nose test 530 Fixed drug eruption 763

Flat foot, see Pes planus

Flatus tube 885

Floppy infant 594

cause of 595

signs of Aoppiness 594

Fluorine 111

Fluorine deficiency 112

Fluorosis 112

Flush method 525

Foam test 656

Focal (partial) seizures 549 Foley's catheter 885

Folic acid deficiency 103, 605

Folic acid deficiency in pregnancy 103 Folliculitis 756

Food allergy 406

Food pyramid 81

Fore milk 69

Foreign bodies in airways 450 Foreign bodies, pharyngeal 447 Foreign body accidents 816 bronchial foreign bodies 816 ear foreign bodies 816 esophageal foreign bodies 816 nasal foreign bodies 816 pharyngeal foreign bodies 816

Foreign body airway obstruction 793 Foreign body in ears 449

Foreign body, esophagus 387 Fouchet test 656

Fractures in childhood 736

Fragile X syndrome 274

Free radical tissue injury 112

Free radicals 112

Frog-Iike posture 530

Frog-Iike posture 594

Fukuyama disease 593

Funnel chest see Pectus excavatum Furuncle 756

Fussy infant 56

G

G6PD deficiency anemia 608 Galactagogues 74

Galactokinase deficiency 289 Galactosemia 288

Galeazzi sign 722

Gallstone, see Cholelithiasis

Ganglion 736

Gangliosidoses 582

Gangliosidoses, juvenile or adult GM2 582 Gas gangrene 207

Gastro-colic reflex 313

Gastroesophageal reflux disease 386 Gastroschisis 395

Gaucher disease 286

Gene therapy 277

General physical examination 856 characteristic facial features 862 common head abnormalities 861 general appearance 857 general considerations 856 general markers 858 head-to-toe examination 860 vital signs 857

Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizure plus 547

Generalized tonic-clonic seizures 547

Genetic counseling 278

Genetic disorders

evaluation 275

indicators 275

laboratory evaluation 275 management 277

Genome 264

Genomic imprinting 269

Genotype 265

Genu recurvatum 724

Genu valgum (knock-knee) 723

Genu varum 724

Gerhardt test 656

Ghon lesion 190

Gianotti-Crosti syndrome 770

Giardiasis 255

Gigantism 693

Giggling incontinence 59

Gilles De La Tourette syndrome 61

Girl child 839

GIT bleeding 381

Glanzmann thrombasthenia 625

Glaucoma 782

Gliomas 577

Global alliance for vaccine and immunization 163

Glomerular filtration rate 658 Glomerulonephritis

acute 662

acute post-infectious 662

acute post-streptococcal 662

chronic 663 membranoproliferative 663 rapidly progressive 663

Glycogen storage disorders 287

Gmelin test 656

Goiter 697

congenital 697 endemic 697,698 puberty 697

sporadic 697

Gomez recovery syndrome 95

Gonadotropins 706

Goodpasture disease 664

Gordon's method 530

Gower sign 592

Graft versus host disease 631

Graham Steell's murmur 486

Graulocyte stimulating factors 632

Graves' disease 699

Gray platelet syndrome 625

Greulich-Pyle atlas 10

Ground-glass appearance 105

Growing pains 726

Growth 5

assessment, IAP recommendations 13 charts 11

charts, IAP 29-32

charts, WHO 25-28 curve 15

determinants 5

hormone deficiency 692 diagnostic criteria 693

hormone therapy 693

laws 6

monitoring and promotion 15 norms, reference 11 norms, standard 11

norms, WHO vs IAP 11

patterns 6 phases or periods 6

velocity 15

Guillain-Barre syndrome 588

Gynecomastia in adolescents 366

H

H.

H.

Hackett's classification 633

Haemorrhage, fetomaternal 357

Haemorrhage, subconjunctival 313

Hair end-on appearance 610

Hallevorden Spatz disease 583

Halls criteria 271

Hallux valgus deformity, see Adolescent bunions

Hammer toe 722

Hand-foot-mouth disease 217

Handicapped child 840

Hand-Schhller-Christian disease 650

Handwashing 261

Hanifin and Rajka criteria 770

Harlequin color change 312

Harlequin fetus 755

Hartnup disease 283

Hashimoto's thyroiditis 697

Hay's sulfer test 656

Hb-M disease 609

Head circumference 8, 13

Head holding 23

Head injury

diagnostic evaluation 812

general management 812

Headache 539

intracranial or traction 539

migraine 540

diagnostic criteria 540 ophthalmic 540 sinus 540

tension 539

Head-tilt-chin-lift maneuver 792

Healthy plate 81

Hearing assessment, IAP guidelines 48 Hearing loss 47

Heat

coagulation test 656

cramps 819

edema 819

exhaustion 819

injuries 819

stroke 819

syncope 819

tetany 819

Heeadsss 369

Heel puncture 872

Heel-to-shin test 530

Heimlich maneuver 793

Helicobacter pylori 390 Heliotrope eyelids 745 Heliox ventilation 801

Hematopoiesis, physiology of 597 Hematopoietic growth factors 632 Hematopoietic stem-cell

transplantation 631

Hematuria 660

benign familial 664

causes 660

diagnostic approach 661 glomerular vs non-glomerular 661 Hemiballismus 556

Hemihypertrophy, congenital 721

Hemimelia 721

Hemiplegia 553

acute, of childhood 553

chronic progressive 553

clinical localization of lesions 554

diagnostic approach 553 recurrent or alternating 553 static 553

Hemoarthrosis 625

Hemodialysis 674, 677 Hemodynamic monitoring 807 Hemoglobin 598

Hemolytic facies 610

Hemolytic uremic syndrome 664 atypical 665 typical 664

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytoses 651 diagnostic criteria 651 familial 651

infection-associated 651 secondary 652

Hemophilia 625

factor replacement therapy 626

fVIII or fIX antibodies (inhibitors) 626 Hemophilia C 627

Hemoptysis 442

Hemorrhages, subconjunctival 780 Hemorrhagic

disease of newborn 357

disorders 620

fevers 175

strokes 552

Hemostasis, physiology of 619 Hemothorax 475

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation 123 Henoch-Schonlein purpura 747 Hepatic encephalopathy 422 Hepatitis A vaccine 155

Hepatitis B vaccine 152 Hepatoblastoma 650 Hepatomegaly 417 causes 417

differential diagnosis 418 Hepatopulmonary syndrome 425 Hepatotropic viral infections 419 Hereditary

angioedema 136 elliptocytosis/stomatocytosis 608 nephropathies 660

spherocytosis 607

Herpangina 217

Herpes labialis 759

Herpes simplex 223

perinatal 223

Herpes zoster 213, 759

Hers disease 288

Hess test 620

Heterochromia iridum 782

HHV 6/7 illnesses 212

Hiatus hernia 389

Hiccups 442

Hiccups in newborn 314

Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 754 High frequency ventilation 801 High-risk newborn 314

High-risk pregnancies 294

Hind milk 69

Hirschberg's test 788 Hirschsprung's disease 392 Histiocytosis 650 History taking 850

developmental history 853 dietary history 853 environmental history 854 family history 852 general considerations 850 history of present illness 851 immunization history 853 Kuppuswami classification 854 past history 852 perinatal history 853 personal history 854 presenting complaints 851 socioeconomic history 854 system review 852

HIV infection in children

antiretroviral therapy 239 clinical staging 239 immunological staging 239 opportunistic infections 241

HIV-exposed infant 236 antiretroviral prophylaxis 236 cotrimoxazole prophylaxis 237 early infant diagnosis 238

infant feeding guidelines 236 immunization guidelines 237 Hives, see Urticaria Hodgkin lymphoma 643 Holoprosencephaly 559 Holt-Oram syndrome 721 Home-based newborn care 836 Homocystinuria 282 Honeycomb appearance 466 Honeymoon period 715 Hookworm infestation 258 Hordeolum internum or externum 777 Horseshoe kidney 659 Herpes simplex infection 223

perinatal 353

Human milk banking 77 Human milk fortifiers 326 Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines 154

Humanized neonatal care 315 Humoral immunity 131 Hunter syndrome 289, 290 Hyaline membrane disease 332 diagnosis 333 management 333 pathogenesis 332 prevention 333 Hydatid cyst 259 Hydranencephaly 559 Hydrocarbon pneumonia 464 Hydrocele 688

transitory 313 Hydrocephalus 560 Hydrops fetalis 340 Hydrops, acute 413 Hydrothorax 474 Hyper IgM syndrome 137 Hyperaldosteronism 704 Hyperammonemia 284 Hypercalcemia 122 Hypercoagulable states 628 Hyperhemolytic crises 613 Hyperhidrosis 774 Hyper-IgE syndrome 136 Hyperinsulinemic states 717 Hyperkalemia 120

causes 119 treatment 120 Hyperleukocytosis 638 Hypermagnesemia 123 Hypermetropia 787 Hypernatremia 118

causes 118 treatment 119 Hyperparathyroidism 700 Hyperpituitarism 693 Hypersensitivity disorders 140 Hypersplenism 634 Hypertelorism 721 Hypertension

in children 523 diagnosis 524 management 525 persistent 524 severity 524 screening 524 transient 524

Hypertensive

crisis/encephalopathy 525 retinopathy 785

Hyperthermia 331

Hyperthyroidism 699

Hypertrichosis 773

Hypervitaminosis A 100

Hypervitaminosis D 109 Hypocalcemia 121

causes 121

management 121

Hypocalcemia in newborn 359 Hypochondroplasia 730 Hypoglycaemia

beyond neonatal period 716

in newborn 358

ketotic 717

reactive 717

Hypohidrosis 774

Hypokalemia 119

causes 119

treatment 119, 120

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis 594 Hypomagnesemia 122

causes 123

in newborn 359

treatment 122

Hypomelanosis of Ito 577 Hyponatremia 117

causes 118

treatment of 118

Hypoparathyroidism 699

Hypophosphatemia 108 Hypopituitarism 692

acquired 692

congenital 692

Hypospadias 682, 865

classification 682

Hyposplenic states 634

Hypotelorism 721 Hypothalamus-hypophyseal axis 691 Hypothermia in newborn 329

management 329

pathogenesis 329

prevention 329

Hypothyroidism 695

cause 695

clinical features 696

diagnosis 696 management 696 neonatal screening 696 types congenital 695 juvenile 697 subclinical 697

Hypotonia, benign congenital 594

Hypotonic-hyporesponsive episodes 148

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy 317

management 317

pathogenesis 317

severity grading 317

I

IAP growth reference norms 12

I-cell disease 287

Ichthyosis 755

Icterus, see jaundice

Idiopathic

hypercalciuria 664, 679 hypereosinophilic syndrome 618 intracranial hypertension 538 scoliosis 727

tibia vara 724

IgA nephropathy 664

IgA vasculitis, see Henoch-Schonlein purpura

Imerslund syndrome 103, 606

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome 242

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura

(ITP) 622

chronic ITP 623

maternal ITP and newborn 624 persistent ITP 623

Immunization 144

active immunization 144

adolescents 160

catch-up 160 determinants 145 in specific situations 160 pain and anxiety reduction 169 passive immunization 144 physiology 144 schedule, IAP 159 schedule, National 158

Immunogenicity 145

Immunoglobulins 133

Immunological defense mechanisms 134 Impetigo contagiosa 756

Inconsolable cry 148

Incontinentia pigmenti 577, 768

India Newborn Action Plan (INAP) 835 Indian childhood cirrhosis 427

Infant and young child feeding 80

Infant of diabetic mother 360

Infant feeding tube 884

Infant milk Substitutes, Feeding Bottles and Infants Food Act, 1992 78

Infant mortality rate 2, 830

Infantile

hemangioma 754

colic 57

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 389

Refsum disease 285

spasms 548

tremor syndrome 556

Infantometer 13, 886

Infections in diabetics 715

Infectious mononucleosis 224

Infective endocarditis 515

antimicrobial prophylaxis 516 clinical presentation 515 diagnosis 515

treatment 515

Inflammatory bowel diseases 406

Influenza 228

antiviral therapy 229 categorization, diagnosis and management 229

epidemiology 228 influenza-like illness 228

prevention 229

Influenza vaccines 156

Infranuclear facial palsy 529

In-grown nails 775

Inguinal hernia 395

Injectable polio vaccine (IPV) 149

Injections

intradermal 868

intramuscular 868 subcutaneous 868

Innate immunity 131

Inspissated bile syndrome 345

Insulin preparations 713

Insulin shock 715

Integrated child development services 833

Integrated management of neonatal and childhood illnesses 842 color-coded triage system 842 general process 842 classification, for

anemia (6 mo-2 yrs) 846 ear problems (2 mo-5 yrs) 846 cough/difficult breathing (2 mo-5 yrs) 844

diarrhea (2 mo-5 yrs) 845

diarrhea in young infants (up to 2 mo) 848

feeding problems (up to 2 mo) 848 fever (2 mo-5 yrs) 845 jaundice in young infant (up to 2 mo) 848

malnutrition (2 months-5 years) 846 possible serious bacterial infection (up to 2 mo) 847

Intellectual disability 43

severity grading 44

Interstitial lung diseases 469

In-toe/out-toe walking 728

Intra/periventricular haemorrhage 318 pathogenesis 318

USG criteria for severity of IVH 318

Intracranial space-occupying lesions 574 Intra-hepatic biliary atresia 345

Intraosseous cannulation 807

Intrauterine growth retardation 326 categories

asymmetrical 327 symmetrical 327 causes 327 complications 327 mixed 327

Intrauterine infections 349 clinical indicators 350 diagnosis 350

Intrauterine pneumonia 335

Intravenous immunoglobulins 170 Intussusception 410

Iodine deficiency disorders 698

Iridocyclitis 781

Irritable bowel syndrome 378

Isovaleric academia 284

Intravenous transfusion set 872

Ivy bleeding time 621

J

Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram 835 Janeway lesions 515

Janz syndrome, see Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Japanese encephalitis vaccine 154

Jatene arterial switch operation 505

Jaundice

post-neonatal causes 418

post-neonatal diagnostic evaluation 418

post-neonatal differential diagnosis 419 Jaw jerk 529 Jaw-thrust maneuver 792 Jejunoileal atresia 391

Jitteriness 354

Jugular venous pressure 482

Juncs food, IAP guidelines 37

Juvenile delinquency 840

Juvenile Justice Act, 2015 841

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy 548

K

Kahn's recovery syndrome 95

Kala-azar 252

Kangaroo mother care 311, 325, 330 benefits 330

monitoring 331 prerequisites 330 procedure 330 when to stop 331

Kasabach-Merritt syndrome 624, 755 Kawasaki disease 748

diagnostic criteria 749 echocardiography 749 treatment 749

Kayser-Fleischer ring 427

Keloids 772

Keratitis/corneal ulcer 780

Keratoconus 780

Kernicterus 343

Kernig sign 528, 565

Ketogenic diet 550

Kindling 541

Kleihauer-Betke test 358

Klinefelter syndrome 274

clinical spectrum 274

cytogenetics 274

diagnosis 274

Klippel-Feil anomaly 725

Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome 754 Klumpke's paralysis 320

Knock knee, physiological 723

Kocher Debre semelaigne syndrome 594,

697

Koebner response 768

Krabbe disease 287, 582

Kussmaul breathing 125, 433 Kwashiorkor 87

Kyasanur forest disease 223

L

Lacrimal mucocele 778

Lactation

anatomy 70

counseling 75

physiology 70

ten steps 76

Lactational failure 74

Lactic acidosis 289

Lacunar skull 720

Lagophthalmos 777

Landau-Kleffner syndrome 549

Langerhans cell histiocytosis 650

Langerhans cells 650

Lanugo 306

Large for date babies 327

Laron syndrome 38

Larva migrans, see Toxocariasis

Laryngeal mask airway 796

Laryngitis, acute infectious 450

Laryngitis, acute spasmodic 450

Laryngomalacia 336, 451

Laryngoscope 875

Laryngotracheobronchitis, acute 449

Late metabolic acidosis 360

Late neonatal mortality rate 293

Lazy leukocyte syndrome 136

Lead-pipe rigidity 530

Learning disorders or disabilities 45 early indicators 46

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease 735

Leg-length discrepancy 728

Leishmanin test 253

Length/height 13

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome 548

Lentigines 761

Leprosy 201

Leptospirosis 242

clinical spectrum 242

diagnosis 242

treatment 243

Letterer-Siwe disease 650

Leucorrhoea, physiological 367

Leukemoid reactions 616

Leukocoria 648, 782

Leukodystrophy, metachromatic 581

Leukonychia 775

Leukopoiesis 598

Lichen nitidus 769

Lichen planus 769

Lid coloboma 777

Limb girdle muscular dystrophy 593

Limping child 728

Linear nevus syndrome 577

Lipid storage disorders 286

Lipodystrophy 772

Lipoid pneumonia 465

Liquid ventilation 801

Lisch nodules 782

Lissencephaly 560

Listeriosis 348

Liver

abscess 423

biopsy 417

function tests 416

injury, drug-induced 200

Loeffler syndrome 465

Long QT syndrome 521

Lorber's criteria 559

Low birth weight rate 293

Low-vision 787

Ludwig angina 207

Lumbar puncture 879

Lung abscess 467

Lung scintigraphy 438

Lung surfactant 430

Lupus cell 739

Lyme disease 742

Lymphadenopathy 635, 859

Lymphadenopathy, physiological 635

Lymphadenopathy, tubercular 635

Lymphangitis 636

Lymphedema 636

Lymphocytopenia 619

Lymphocytosis 619

M

Macewan sign 561, 861

Macroglossia 385

Macrophage activation syndrome 741

Magnesium 122

physiology 122

recommended dietary allowance 122 sources 122

Major histocompatibility complex 131 Malabsorption syndromes, see chronic diarrhea

Malaria

chronic malaria 247

diagnosis 248 epidemiology 245 life-cycle 246

malaria vaccines 251

management 249

neonatal malaria 247

optimal test 248 parasight-F test 248 parasite index 248 rapid diagnostic tests 248

severe malaria, WHO criteria 247 thick and thin smear 248 treatment failure 251

treatment

of uncomplicated malaria 250 of severe malaria 250

vaccine 157

Male pseudohermaphroditism 707

Malecot's catheter 885

Malrotation 392

Mantoux test, see tuberculin sensitivity test

Maple syrup urine disease 283

Marasmus 87

Marble-bone disease, see Osteopetrosis Marfan syndrome 40

Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome 290

Marshal and Tanner staging 709

Mastitis neonatorum 313

Mastoiditis 449

Masturbation 62, 368

Maternal mortality rate 293

McArdle disease 288

McBurney's point 411

McCune Albright syndrome 761

M-Chat 51

Measles 209

clinical manifestations 209 complications of 210 outbreak-control 210 pathogenesis 209 prevention 210

Measles containing vaccines 151

Measles-rubella (MR) elimination 210 Meatal stenosis 689

Mechanical ventilation

controlled 800

indications 800

spontaneous 801 synchronized 801

Meckel's diverticulum 392

Meckel's scan 392

Meconium 313

Meconium aspiration syndrome 334

Meconium ileus 468

Median value 11

Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency 285

Medulloblastoma 577

Megalencephaly 562

Megalocornea 780

Melanocytic nevi 761

Membranous nephropathy 664

Menghini's aspiration needle 881

Meningitis, aseptic (Lincoln's) 568

Meningitis, bacterial 565 antimicrobial therapy in 567

Meningitis, recurrent 565

Meningitis, tubercular 567

Meningococcal infections 187 clinical spectrum 187 prevention 188

Meningococcal vaccines 156

Meningococcemia 187

Meningomyelocele 558

Menkes (kinky hair) disease 582

Menkes-kinky-hair syndrome 112, 773

Mesial temporal sclerosis 549

Mesomelia 729

Metabolic acidosis 125

causes 125

management 126

Metabolic alkalosis 126

causes 126

management 126

Metabolic monitoring 807

Metachromatic leukodystrophy 287

Metatarsus adductus or varus, congenital 725

Metered dose inhaler 876

Methemoglobinemia 609

Methylmalonic aciduria 284

Microcephaly 560, 720

Microcornea 780

Microdeletion syndrome 272

Microdeletions 266

Microdrip set 872

Micrognathia/retrognathia 721

Micropenis 689, 708

Mid-day meal program 98

Middle lobe syndrome 471

Mid-upper arm circumference 8, 13

Migraine 540

Mikulicz syndrome 778

Milia 311

Miliaria 774

Miliaria crystalline 763

Miliaria rubra 762

Milk-alkali syndrome 122

Milk-aspiration syndrome 464

Miller-Fisher syndrome 588

Milroy disease 312

Minimum dietary diversity 79

Minimum meal frequency 79

Missed (catch-up) immunization 159

Mission Indradhanush 163

Mitochondrial disorders 268

Mitral regurgitation 511

Mitral stenosis 512

Mitral valve prolapse 512

Mittendorf 's dots 776, 784

Mixed connective tissue disease 747

Mixed hemoglobinopathies 612

MMR vaccine 151

Mobitz type II 521

Moderate acute malnutrition,

diagnostic criteria 91

Modified ballard scoring system 323

Modified Glasgow coma scale 535

Modified measles 210

Modified Ross classification 492

Modified varicella-like illness 212

Molluscum contagiosum 759

Molybdenum deficiency 112

Mongolian spots 312, 761

Mongoloid slant 778

Morbidity indicators 1

Morbilliform drug eruptions 763 Morquio syndrome 290

Mortality indicators 1, 2

Mosaicism 269

Mosteller's formula 888

Mother to child protection card 15

Mother-neonatal intensive care unit 315

Movement disorders 554

Movement disorders, stereotypic 556

Movement therapy, constraint- induced 564

Moyamoya disease 551

Moyamoya syndrome 551

MR vaccine 151

Mucopolysaccharides 289 classification 289

Multicystic dysplastic kidney 659

Multifactorial disorders 268 recurrence risk 268

Multi-organ dysfunction syndrome 804

Multiple malformation syndrome 361

Multiple pregnancy 297 complications 298 dizygotic 298 monozygotic 298 siamese twins 298

Multiple sclerosis 582

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) 227 investigation 227 management 227

WHO diagnostic criteria 227

Mumps 213 clinical manifestations 214 complications 214 mump's embryopathy 214 prevention 214

Munchausen by proxy syndrome 64

Murine typhus 208

Murmur, functional 485

Murmur, grades 485

Muscle power 530

Musculoskeletal trauma 813

Mutation 265

Myasthenia gravis 590 myasthenic syndromes, congenital 591

Mycoplasma infections 245

Myelodysplastic syndrome 616

Myocarditis 516

Myoclonic seizures 548

Myopathies, congenital 594

Myopathies, mitochondrial 594

Myopia 788

Myotonic muscular dystrophy 593

N

Nadas' criteria 507

Nail-biting 60

Nail-patella syndrome 679, 775

Narcolepsy 62, 551

Nasal cannula 873

Nasal catheter 874

Nasogastric intubation 884

Nasogastric tube 884

Nasolacrimal duct obstruction 778

Nasopharyngeal airway 796

Natal tooth 313

National Control of Diarrheal Diseases Programme 401

National Control Programme Against

Nutritional Blindness 100

National Framework of Malaria

Elimination 252

National Guidelines for clinical management of dengue fever 219

National Health Mission 832

National Health Policy, targets 830

National Health Policy 4, 829

National health programs 832

National Immunization Day 216

National Institute of Mental Health and

Neurosciences index 46

National Iodine Deficiency Disorders

Control Programme 698

National Iron Plus Initiative

Programme 605

National Kala-azar Elimination

Programme 253

National Leprosy Eradication

Programme 203

National Nutrition Policy 98

National Rural Health Mission 832

National Tuberculosis Elimination

Programme 201

National Urban Health Mission 832

National Vector Borne Disease Control

Programme 836

National Vector Borne Diseases Control

Programme (Malaria) 251

Natural immunity 144

Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram 835

Nebulizer 878

Needle, lumber puncture 879

Needle, scalp vein (butterfly) 869

Needle, tru-cut 881

Needle, Vim Silverman 881 with Franklin modification 882

Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy 285

Neonatal apnea 336

Neonatal cholestasis 344 disorders 344 management 344

Neonatal conjunctivitis 778

Neonatal Graves' disease 699

Neonatal hepatitis 344

Neonatal intensive care units 315

Neonatal jaundice 337 age of onset 339 causes 338 diagnostic approach 338

Neonatal lupus 745

Neonatal mortality rate 2, 293

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis 348 staging, Bell's criteria 349

Neonatal purpura 624

Neonatal reflexes 308

asymmetrical tonic neck reflex 310 aymmetric tonic neck reflex 310 crossed-extension reflex 310

Landau reflex 310

Moro's reflex 310

palmar grasp reflex 310 parachute reflex 310 plantar grasp reflex 310 prechtl stages 308 startle reflex 310 stepping reflex 310 sucking reflex 310 walking reflex 310 Neonatal resuscitation 299

Neonatal resuscitation program 301 chest compressions 303 corrective steps 303 endotracheal (ET) intubation 303 golden minute 301 initial assessment 301 initial steps 301 medications 304

neonatal resuscitation algorithm 302 positive pressure ventilation 301 Neonatal seizures 354

causes 354

clinical types 354 diagnostic approach 354 management 355

Neonatal septicemia 347

clinical presentation 347

diagnosis 347 management 348 microbial etiology 347 risk factors 347

sepsis screen 347

Neonatal sleep myoclonus, benign 551 Neonatal stridor 336

Neostigmine response test 590 Nephrolithiasis 685

prevention 685 predisposing factors 685

Nephrotic syndrome 666

causes 666

complications 668 congenital 671 course 668

Finnish-type 671 histological types 666

Management

of first attack 669

algorithm 669

of subsequent relapses 670

of frequent-relapsers or steroid­dependent cases 670 pathogenesis 667 secondary 671 treatment of steroid-resistant cases 670

Nervous system, examination of 528 Neural tube defects 557

folic acid supplements 559 prevention 559 segmentation defects 559

Neuroblastoma 646

INSS staging system 646

Neurocysticercosis 574

Neurodegenerative disorders 580

Neurofibromatosis (NF) 577

Neurohormones of hypothalamus 691 Neuroimaging studies 533 Neurological monitoring 807

Neuromuscular disorders 586

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses 582

Neuronal migration defects 560

Neuropathic bladder 684

Neutropenia 617

Neutrophilia 618

Newborn care corner 315

Newborn stabilization units 315

Next generation sequencing 276 Niacin (B3) deficiency 102 Niemann-Pick disease 286

Night blindness 99

Night-terrors 62

Nikolsky sign 766

Nipple discharge in adolescents 366

Nipples, flat or inverted 73

Nipples, sore 73

Nipples, syringe (Kesri) method 73 Nitric oxide ventilation 801

Noisy breathing in newborn 314 Noma neonatorum (cancrum oris) 207 Noma neonatorum 347

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 427 Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 644

St. Jude staging system 645 Non-invasive prenatal screening 272 Non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma 712 Non-nutritional rickets, indicators 108 Non-nutritive sucking 74, 97, 326 Non-typhoidal salmonellosis 185 Noonan syndrome 274 Normal newborn care 310

levels of care 315

of eyes 311

of skin 311

of umbilical stump 311

Nosocomial infections 260

high-risk factors 260 outbreak control 261

prevention 261

Nuchal rigidity 528, 565

Nummular eczema 770

Nursemaid elbow 725

Nurturing care 18

Nutrition in critically sick child 808 Nutritional assessment 84

Nyctalopia 787

Nystagmus 789

O

Obesity 34

endogenous (secondary) obesity 35 exogenous (constitutional) obesity 35 extreme obesity 35

monogenic obesity 35

overweight 34 polygenic obesity 35

Obstructive sleep apnea disorders 447

Obstructive uropathy 683

Ocular bobbing 789

Ocular dysmetria 789

Ocular injuries 785

Omphalitis, see Umbilical sepsis Omphalocele 307, 395 Oncological emergencies 639 Onion-peel appearance 649 Open-vial policy 167 Ophthalmia neonatorum 346 Ophthalmitis, sympathetic 782 Oppenheim's maneuver 530 Opportunistic infections 137 diagnostic evaluation 139 predisposing factors 138 Opsoclonus 789 Opsoclonus-myoclonus 646 Optic atrophy 785 Optic nerve glioma 785 Optic neuritis 785 Oral iron therapy 604 Oral polio vaccine (OPV) 149 Oral rehydration therapy 398 Organic academia 283 Orifice counting 299 Oro-facial digital syndrome 721 Oropharyngeal airway 796, 873 ORT corners 401

Ortolani test 722 Osgood-Schlatter's disease 735 Osler nodes 515

Osmolality, plasma 114 Osmotic fragility test 607 Osteochondritis dissecans 735 Osteochondroma 736 Osteochondroses 734 Osteodysplasias 729 Osteogenesis imperfect 730 Osteoid osteoma 736 Osteomyelitis 731 Osteopetrosis 731 Osteosarcoma 648 Otalgia 448 Otitis externa 448 Otitis media 448

recurrent 449

risk factors 448

Ovarian hormones 706 Over the needle catheters 869 Oxygen delivery devices 873 Oxygen hood/tents 874 Oxygen therapy 796 Oxytocin reflex 71 Ozen criteria 750

P

Pallor 859, also see anemia Palpitation 481

Pancreatitis, acute 412 Pancreatitis, chronic or recurrent 412 Pancreatitis, juvenile tropical 412 Panner's disease 735

Panniculitis 772 Panophthalmitis 781 Papilledema 785 Paradoxical breathing 434 Parainfluenza viral infections 229 Paraneoplastic syndromes 646 Paraphimosis 689 Paraplegia 584

diagnostic approach 585 flaccid 585

in extension 585

in flexion 585

spastic 585

Parapneumonic effusions 473

Parasomnia 62

Parathyroid disorders 699

Parenteral iron therapy 604

Parenteral fluid therapy 127

fluid requirements in normal

children 128

fluid therapy in critically sick

children 129

fluid therapy in diarrhea 129

fluid therapy in gastric losses 129

fluid therapy in malignancy 130

fluid therapy in surgery 130 hypernatremic dehydration 129 hyponatremic dehydration 129 isonatremic dehydration 128 principles of 128

Paronychia, acute 775

Paronychia, chronic 775

Parotitis 385

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 608

Paroxysmal non-epileptic events 550

Paroxysmal vertigo, benign 550 Parvoviral illnesses 211

Passive immunization 170

Patau syndrome 272

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) 497 course and complications 498 hemodynamics 498 management 499 medical closure 499

signs 498

Peak expiratory flow meter 879

Peak expiratory flow rate 454

Peak flowmetry 437

Pectus carinatum 727

Pectus excavatum 727

Pediatric advanced life support 790, 795 Pediatric airway 795

Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with Streptococcus pyogenes (PANDAS) 179

Pediatric chain of survival 795

Pediatric intensive care unit

admission criteria 806

consensus guidelines 806

Pediatric trauma score 811

Pediculosis 759

Pedigree charting 275

Pelkan spur 105

Pellagra 102

Pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ)

anomalies 681

Pemphigus vulgaris 767

Penetrance 265

Percentiles 11

Perianal abscesses 411

Pericardiocentesis 523, 883

Pericarditis 522

causes of 522

clinical manifestations 522 constrictive 522 diagnosis 523 management 523

Perinatal HIV infection 233

clinical presentation 233

diagnosis in children

gt;18 months 235

lt;18 months 235

pathogenesis 233 prevention of infection 235 risk factors 233

universal safety precautions 236

Perinatal mortality

causes 293

rate 2, 292

Perinatal pneumonia 335

Periodic breathing 336 Peripheral neuropathies 588

Peripheral neuropathy, post-

diphtheritic 589

Peripheral smear 599, 601

Peripheral venous cannulation 806, 870 Peritoneal dialysis 674

peritoneal dialysis, continuous 677 Peritonitis, acute 413

Peritonitis, tubercular 414 Peroneal muscular atrophy 589 Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous 784

Persistent pulmonary hypertension in newborn 336

Pes cavus 725

Pes planus 725

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome 392 Phagocytic disorders 135

Phagocytic system 132 Phenotype 265

Phenylketonuria 281 Pheochromocytoma 705

Philadelphia chromosome 643

Phimosis 689

Phimosis, physiological 313

Phlycten 779

Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis 779 Phocomelia 721

Phosphoryl kinase deficiency 288 Photoallergic reaction 765

Photophobia, physiological 313 Photosensitivity rash 764

Phototherapy 341

Phototoxic reaction 765

Physical activity, WHO guidelines 37 Physiological jaundice 312, 337 cardinal features 337

clinical assessment, Cramer criteria 338 etiophysiology 337

Physiology of

adrenal functions 700 digestion 373 liver functions 416 lymphatic system 634 parathyroid functions 699 puberty 708 renal functions 654 respiration 432 sex differentiation 706 sex steroids 705 thyroid functions 695

Pica 58

Pickwickian syndrome 35 Picky-eating 57

Pierre Robin syndrome 383, 721 Pigeon chest, see Pectus carinatum Pigmentation, corneal 781

Pili torti 773

Pincer grasp 23

Pinguecula 780

Pinworm, see Enterobiasis 257

Pituitary disorders 691

Pituitary hormones 692

Pityriasis alba 762

Pityriasis rosea 769

Placental examination 300

Plagiocephaly 720

Platelet disorders 622

Platelet function defects 624

Platelet function tests 621

Pleural effusion 474

Pleural effusion in newborns 336

Pleurisy, dry to plastic 474

Pleurodynia 218

Pneumatoceles 461

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 153

Pneumococcal infections 180

clinical spectrum 180 prevention 180

Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 154 Pneumomediastinum 476

Pneumonia 460

atypical or bacterial 463

Mycoplasma 463

Chlamydia 463

Legionnaire's 463 community-acquired 460 H.

hydrocarbon pneumonia 464

aspiration pneumonia 464

milk-aspiration syndrome 464 nosocomial 460 pneumococcal 461 recurrent, risk factors 460 staphylococcal 461 viral 461 antimicrobial therapy in 463 Pneumonia, primary atypical 245 Pneumothorax 475

Pneumothorax in newborns 336

Poisoning in children 820 antidotes 822 preventive measures 823 principles of management 820 risk factors 820 specific poisoning

barbiturate poisoning 825

corrosive poisoning 823

dhatura (belladonna) poisoning 824 hydrocarbon (kerosene) poisoning 823

iron poisoning 826

lead poisoning 827

naphthalene poisoning 825

opioids (narcotics) poisoning 824 organophosphorus (op) poisoning 824

paracetamol poisoning 826

phenothiazine poisoning 825 salicylate poisoning 827 Poland syndrome 593 Polio Eradication in India 215 Poliomyelitis 214 Polyarteritis nodosa 749 Polycystic kidney disease 660

Polycythemia 616

in newborn 358

Polydactyly 721

Polysplenia or accessory spleen 634

Pompe disease 288

Ponseti method 724

Popliteal (Baker) cyst 736

Porencephaly 559

Porphyria 290

cutanea tarda 291

Portacaval shunts 429

Portal hypertension 428

causes 428

clinical features 428

management 429

Port-wine stains 754

Poshan abhiyaan 98

Possetting 377

Posterior urethral valves 681

Post-maturity 328

Postnatal

aspiration pneumonia 335 circulation 479

pneumonia 335

Post-traumatic stress disorder 64

Potassium 119

physiology 119

Pott's spine 733

Prader-Willi syndrome 272

Pre-lacteal feeds 71

Prematurity 321

causes 321

clinical attributes 322

complications 324 physiological handicaps 323

Prenatal diagnosis 279

Preterm child

fluids requirement 325 management 324 micronutrient supplementation 325 modes of feeding 326

nutritional requirements 325

Prickly heat 762

PRINTO classification 739

Prism scoring 809

Prognathia 721

Prolactin reflex 71

Propionic aciduria 284

Proptosis 776

Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses Act (POCSO), 2012 838

Protective efficacy 145

Proteins 67

Proteinuria 666

causes of 666

Proteinuria, orthostatic 666

Proteinuria, tubular 666

Proteus syndrome 593

Prothrombin time 621

Prune-Belly syndrome 681

Pseudocyst of pancreas 412

Pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy 287 Pseudohypertrophy 592 Pseudohypoparathyroidism 700 Pseudomembranous colitis 206 Pseudoseizures, see Paroxysmal

non-epileptic events

Pseudotumor cerebri, see Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum 756

Psoriasis 768

Pterygium 780

Ptosis 777

Pubertal changes in adolescents 363

Puberty, delayed 710

hormonal therapy in 710

Puberty, precocious 709

Pulmonary arterial hypertension 487

Pulmonary function test 436, 469

Pulmonary oligemia 487

Pulmonary stenosis 501

Pulmonary venous hypertension 487

Pulse 481, 858

Pulse polio immunization 216

Pulseless electric activity 799

Purpura fulminans 629

Pustular melanosis 312

Pyoderma, see Impetigo contagiosa

Pyrexia of unknown origin 174

causes 175

laboratory investigations 175

Pyruvate kinase deficiency 609

Q

Q fever 208

Quinsy, see Peritonsillar abscess

R

Rabbit nose 443

Rabies 230

clinical manifestations 230 pathogenesis 230 prevention 231

Radial club hand 721

Rag-doll appearance 595

Rail-road or tram-track appearance 580

Raised intracranial pressure 537

causes 538

clinical presentation 537 management 538 pathophysiology 537

Ramstedt's pyloromyotomy 390

Ranula 385

Rashes in newborn 312

Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram 834

Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram 836 Raynoud phenomena 746

Red blood cell indices 600

RCH portal 833

Reactive lymphadenitis 635

Ready-to-use therapeutic food 96

Recommended dietary allowances 66 Recovery position 791

Rectal prolapse 411

Recurrent apnea in newborn 337

Recurrent respiratory infections 439 Red-eye 779

Reed-Sternberg cell 643

Re-feeding (recovery) syndromes 95

Reference curves 15

Reflex or automatic bladder 531

Refractive errors 787

Re-lactation 74

drip and drop method 74

Renal

agenesis 659

biopsy 658

calculi, see Nephrolithiasis function tests 657

immaturities in newborn 655 malformations 658

monitoring 807 replacement therapy 676 scan 657

transplantation 677

tubular acidosis 677

vein thrombosis 665

Reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health (RMNCH+A) approach 833

Rescue breathing 792

Respiratory

acidosis 126

causes 127

management 127

alkalosis 127

distress in children, causes 440

distress in newborn 331

causes 331

diagnostic approach 331

distress score 331

monitoring 807

Respiratory syncytial virus 230 Resuscitation bag 797 Reticulocyte count 601

Retinal detachment 784

Retinal hemorrhage/infarcts 784

Retinal phakoma 784

Retinitis pigmentosa 784 Retinoblastoma 648

Retinopathy of prematurity 783 classification 783

Retropharyngeal abscess 446

Rett syndrome 582

Revised Jones criteria (2015) 509

Reye syndrome 572

clinical staging 572 Rhabdomyosarcoma 649

Rhesus hemolytic disease of newborn 339 diagnosis 340 management 340 pathogenesis 339 prevention 340

Rheumatic (Sydenham)

chorea 509

carditis 509

disorders 738

clinical indicators of 738

clinical spectrum 738 laboratory diagnosis 738 management 739

fever 508

diagnosis, see Revised Jones criteria (2015)

etiopathogenesis 508 management 510 prevention 510

secondary prevention 510

heart disease 511

diagnostic approach 514

Rheumatoid factor 738

Rheumatoid nodules 740

Rhinitis, allergic 443 classification 444 management 444 mannerisms 443 step-wise management 444

Rhinovirus infections 229

Rhizomelia 729

Riboflavin (B2) deficiency 102

Rich's focus 191

Rickets

clinical manifestations: 107 clinical signs 107 etiological classification 106 IAP guidelines 2021 108 pathophysiology 106 prevention 108 radiological changes 107 stoss regimen 108 treatment 108 vitamin D deficiency 106 Rickettsial fevers 208

diagnosis 208 epidemiology 208 eschar formation 208

treatment 209 when to suspect 208

Riley-Day syndrome 595

Ringworm, see Dermatophytoses Roach scale 580

Robertsonian translocation 266

Robin malformation sequence 361 Rochester criteria 173

Rocker-bottom foot 725

Rooming in 72, 310

Rose spots 184

Roseola infantum 211

Rotavirus vaccine 153

Roth spots 515, 784

Rothera's test 656

Round worm, see Ascariasis

Rubella (German measles) 210 Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome 272, 721 Rumination 58

Ryles tube 884

S

Sabin vaccine see Oral polio vaccine

Safe immunization practices 167

Salk vaccine see injectable polio vaccine

Salmon patch 754

Salmon patch, see Stork-bites 312

Salt and sugar solution 400

Salter and Harris classification 737 Sandhoff disease 582

Sanfilippo syndrome 290

Sarcoma botryoides 650

Sarnat and Sarnat classification 317

Scabies 759

Scaphocephaly 720

Scarlet fever 179

Schamroth sign 483

Scheie syndrome 290

Scheuermann's disease 735 Schilling test 104, 606 Schistosomiasis 259

Schizencephaly 560

Scholastic backwardness 49

Scholastic difficulties

early warning signs 50 School health service 837

Scissoring 563

Scleredema adultorum 772

Sclerema neonatorum 772

Sclerocornea 781

Scleroderma 746

Sclerosing panencephalitis, subacute 581 Scorpion sting 818

Screen time, IAP guidelines 37

Scrotal swellings/masses 689

Scrub typhus 208

Scurvy 104

clinical manifestations 104

radiological finding 105 treatment 105

Sedation and analgesia 808

Seizure 540

causes 541

diagnostic evaluation 542

ILAE 2017 classification 541

management 543

Seizure disorders 540

Seizure mimics 550

Selective IgA deficiency 137 Selenium 112

deficiency 112

excess 112

Self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes 549

Sellick maneuver 797 Sengstaken-Blackmore tube 429 Sequestration crises 613 Sequestration, pulmonary 471 Seroconversion 145

Seroprotection 145

Serotype replacement disease 154 Sever disease 735

Severe acute malnutrition

antibiotic therapy 93 community based care 95 criteria for discharge 95 diagnostic criteria 91 facility-based care 91 in infants lt; 6 months 96 micronutrient supplements 94 ten steps of management 92 Severe combined immunodeficiency disorders 137

Severe feeding disorders 58

Sex chromosomal DSD 706

Sexual maturity 364

Sexually transmitted diseases 367 Shagreen patch 579

Shake test 333

Shakir's tape 85

Sheehan's focus 191

Shifting dullness 374

Shigellosis 185

complication 186

management 186

pathogenesis 186

Shock 802

causes 802

clinical signs 803

management 803

of septic shock 805

pathogenesis 803

pathophysiology 802

Short bowel syndrome 409

Short stature 37 constitutional 38 familial 38 normal variant 38 primary 38 primordial 38 secondary 38

Shoulder sign 390

Shuddering attacks 551

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome 408

Sick sinus syndrome 522

Sickle cell disease 612

Sickling test 613

Sillence classification 730

Simond's focus 191

Simple rubber catheter 884

Single umbilical artery 307

Sinus arrhythmia 519

Sinus bradycardia 519

Sinusitis 445

Sjogren syndrome 746

Skeletal dysplasia 728, 729

Skin-fold thickness 9

Skull fractures in newborns 320

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis 735 Sly syndrome 290

Smoke injury 465

Snake bite 817

Sneezing in newborn 314

Somatic cell disorders 269

Somatotypes (body build) 9

Somogyi phenomenon 715

Sore nipples 73

Sore throat, see Acute tonsillopharyngitis

Soto's syndrome 41

Soto's syndrome, see Cerebral gigantism

Spacers 877

Special newborn care unit 315

Spermatic cord, testicular torsion of 690

Spina bifida occulta 558

Spina ventosa 734

Spinal cord injuries 583

Spinal deformities 727

Spinal muscular atrophy 587

Splenectomy 634

Splenic injuries 634

Splenomegaly 632 tropical 633

Splenosis 634

Splinter 515

Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia 730

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 668

Sprengel deformity 725

Squint, see Strabismus

Stadiometer 13

Staphylococcal infections 178 clinical spectrum 178

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome 758, 766

Stature, length or height 8

Status asthmaticus 454 dystonicus 555 epilepticus 542, 545

Steeple sign 449, 450

Stem-stature index 9

Sternocleidomastoid tumor 320

Steven-Johnson syndrome 766

Still's murmur 485

Stillbirth rate 292

Stokes-Adams syndrome 522

Stomatitis 384

Stool examination 374

Stork-bites 312

Stork-bites, see Salmon patch

Stork-neck deformity 589

Strabismus 788

non-paralytic 788

paralytic 788

Stranes procedure 506

Stranger anxiety 64

Straw berry tongue 748

Street children 839

Streptococcal infections 179

clinical spectrum 179

Streptococcal sore throat 446

Striae cutis distensae 772

Stridor 440

causes 441

String sign 390

Strongyloidosis 258

Sturge-Weber syndrome 580, 754

Stuttering or stammering 61

Stye 777

Subacute combined degeneration of cord 103

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis 210

Subcutaneous fat necrosis 313, 772

Subcutaneous nodules 509

Substance abuse 368

Sucking pads/sucking callus 313

Sudamina rash 763

Sudden infant death syndrome 827

Sulfosalicylic acid test 656

Sunburn, acute 764

Sun-ray or sun-burst appearance 649

Sunset sign 562

Superficial reflexes 530

Superior vena caval syndrome 638

Supplementary sucking techniques 97

Supra-pubic puncture 883

Supraventricular tachycardia 520

Surfactant replacement therapy 334

Sustainable development goals 829

Sweat chloride test 468

Swyer-James syndrome 452

Symblepharon 780

Symptomatic seizures 541

Syncope 550

Syndactyly 721

Syndrome of inappropriate ADH 691

Syringe (Kesri) method 73

Syringe, autodisabled 867

Syringe, tuberculin or insulin 868

Syringomyelia 584

Systemic lupus erythematosus 743

EULAR/ACR criteria 744

T

T lymphocytes 133

Talipes calcaneovalgus 725

Talipes equinovarus, congenital 724

Tall stature 40

Tandem walking 530

Tanner's sexual maturity rating 364

Tap

dry 881

subdural 880

ventricular 880

Tapeworm, intestinal 258

Target (bulls-eye) lesions 767

Target (doughnut) sign 390

Tarui disease 288

Tay-Sach disease 582

TB preventive therapy (TPT) 200

T-cell disorders 137

Td vaccine 149

Tdap vaccine 149

Teen pregnancy 369

Teen-suicide 369

Temper tantrum 63

Testicular appendix, torsion of 690

Testicular hormones 705

Tetanus 203

clinical stages 204

complications 204

modified patel and jog criteria 205 neonatorum 203

pathogenesis 203

post-injury immunization for TT 206 prevention 205

treatment 204

Tetany 121

chvostek sign 121

Erb's sign 121

latent tetany 121

peroneal sign 121

treatment 122

Trousseau sign 121

Tethered cord syndrome 584

Tetralogy of Fallot 503

hemodynamics 503

signs 504

Thalassemia 609

#945; 612

intermedia 609

major 609

minor 609

secondary organ dysfunctions in 611 trait 609

Thanatophoric dwarfism 730

Therapeutic hypothermia 318

Thermometers 886

Thermoneutral environment 328

Thermoregulation in newborns 328 Thiamine (B1) deficiency 100

Thoracocentesis 438, 882

Threadworm, see Enterobiasis 257 Three-layer test 466

Three-way 873

Thrill, fluid 374

Thrombin time 621

Thrombopoiesis 598

Thrombopoietin 632

Thrombotic microangiopathy 665

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 624

Thrush 384

Thumb sign 449

Thumb-sucking 60

Thyroid

crisis/storm 699

disorders 695

nodules 698

storm 699

Tick typhus 208

Tics 61

Tinea versicolor 758

Tip-toe walking 725

Todd paralysis 553

Toddler's diarrhea 408

Tongue-tie 313

Torticollis 726

Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage 506

Total parenteral nutrition 808

Touch therapy 311

Toxic epidermal necrolysis 767 Toxic-shock syndrome 178

Toxidromes 821

Toxocariasis 257

Trace elements 68

Tracheoesophageal fistula 385 Tracheostomy 796,876

Tracheostomy tube 876

Trachoma 779

Trail sign 434

Transfusion associated circulatory overload 631

Transfusion-related acute lung injury 630 Transient erythroblastopenia 615 Transient hypogammaglobulinemia 136 Transient synovitis of hip 733

Transient tachypnea in newborn 335 Transition milk 69

Transitional stools 313

Transport of a sick newborn 315 Transport of sick child 794 Transposition of great arteries 505 Treacher Collins syndrome 383, 721 Tremors 556

Trendelenburg gait 728

Trendelenburg gait see Waddling gait Trichorrhexis nodosa 773

Trichotillomania 773

Trichuriasis 257

Tricuspid atresia 506

Tricuspid regurgitation 514 Trigger thumbs/fingers 722 Trigonocephaly 720

Triple-bubble sign 392

Trivandrum development chart 24

Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia 254 diagnostic criteria 254

Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia 465 Tropical sprue 406

True hermaphrodites 706 Trummerfeld zone of rarefaction 105

TT vaccine 149

Tubercular aortoarteritis 750

Tubercular dactylitis 734

Tuberculin sensitivity test 196 Tuberculosis

diagnostic algorithm 193,198 drug resistant tuberculosis 198 management 197 natural history 190

paradoxical upgrading reactions 200 preventive therapy 200

treatment interruptions 199 treatment regimen 199

Tuberculosis, types 189 abdominal 407 clinically diagnosed 197 congenital 200 disseminated 192 extensive pulmonary 192 extrapulmonary 193 genitourinary 687 meningitis miliary 192 Osteoarticular 733 presumptive pediatric 194 primary complex 191 probable TB 197 pulmonary 192 severe extrapulmonary 193 skin 758 tuberculoma 574

Tuberous sclerosis 578 diagnostic criteria 579

Tubular disorders 677 hereditary 679

Tumor androgen-producing 705 Askin 649 brain 575 estrogen-producing 705 lysis syndrome 638 spinal cord 584 testicular 690

Wilms' 647

Turner syndrome 273 clinical spectrum 273 cytogenetics 273 diagnosis 273 prenatal diagnosis 273

Twin-to-twin transfusion 298

Typhoid fever, see Enteric fever Typhoid vaccine 155

Typical myoclonic epilepsy of early childhood 548

Tyrosinemia 281

U

Ulcerative colitis 406

Umbilical bleeding 307 discharge 307 hernia 395 sepsis 345

Under-5 mortality rate 2, 832 Under-fives' clinics 837 Undernutrition, see childhood undernutrition

Undescended testis, see Cryptorchidism Uniparental disomy 269

Universal immunization program 162 Urea cycle defects 284

Urinary tract infections 685 antibiotic therapy 687 chronic or recurrent 686 diagnosis

laboratory 686 presumptive 686 rapid dipstick tests 686 diagnostic indicators 686 management 687 predisposing factors 686 prevention of recurrence 687 prophylaxis 684 types

complicated 686 uncomplicated 686

Urinary tract malformations 680, 681

Urine examination 655

Urticaria 763

Uterine bleeding in adolescents 367

V

Vaccine

associated paralytic polio 151 carrier 165

derived polioviruses 151 hesitancy 167

storage in refrigerator 164 vial monitor 165

Vaccines 146

adjuvants 147 conjugated 146 contact immunity 146 diluents 147

herd effect 146 inactivated 146 live 146 polysaccharide 146 preservatives 147 stabilizers 147

Vaccines at a glance 150

Vaginal

bleeding in newborn 313 discharge in adolescents 367 discharge in newborn 313

Vaginosis, non-specific 367

Varicella vaccine 155

Varicocele 689

Vasculitis syndromes 747

Vaso-occlusive crises 613 Vasopressin-Challenge test 694

VATER association 361

Ventilation, bag and mask 874

Ventricular septal defect 496 course and complications 497 hemodynamics 496 management 497

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt 562 Ventriculostomy, endoscopic third 562 Vernix caseosa 306

Verruca vulgaris, see Common warts Vesicoureteral reflux 683

international classification 684

Vincent angina 207,384

Vineland adaptive behavior scale 42, 44 Viral hepatitis 419

hepatitis A 419

hepatitis B 420

chronic disease 425 infants born to HbsAg positive mothers 421

sero-markers 421

hepatitis D 421

hepatitis E 421

hepatitis C 421

hepatitis G 421

Visual epilepsy, childhood onset of 549 Vitamin (B6) deficiency 102

Vitamin A 98

Vitamin A deficiency 99

Vitamin B12 deficiency 606

Vitamin C 104

Vitamin C excess 105

Vitamin D 105 metabolism 106 physiology 105

Vitamin D resistant rickets 108

Vitamin D-dependent rickets 109

Vitamin E 109

Vitamin E deficiency 109

Vitamin K 109

Vitamin K deficiency 110

Vitiligo 761

Volpe's classification 318

Volvulus, see Malrotation

Vomiting 376

Vomiting in newborn 313

Vomiting, cyclic 378

von Gierke disease 287

von Willebrand disease 627

Von-Hippel Lindau disease 577

W

Waardenburg syndrome 782

Waddling (Trendelenburg) gait 592

Waddling gait 728

WAGR syndrome 647

Warm chain 330

Water homeostasis, body 114

Water homeostasis, body physiology 115 Water-deprivation test 694 Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome 187, 701 Wechsler intelligence scale for children 44 Wegener granulomatosis 748

Weighing scales 886

Weight, measurement 13 Welcome-trust classification 90

Werdnig-Hoffmann disease 587 Wernike's encephalopathy 102 West syndrome 548

Wheezers in childhood, phenotypes 455 Wheezing 441

Whipworm, see Trichuriasis

White line of Frankel 105

WHO child growth standards 12 whole genome sequencing 276 Whooping cough 182

clinical stages 182

complications 183 diagnosis 183 prevention 183 treatment 183

WHO-ORS 398

composition 399

RESOMAL 399

super ORS 399

Widal test 184

William syndrome 122, 272

Wilms tumor 647

national staging system 647

Wilson disease 112, 426

Wimberger's ring sign 105

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 137, 624

Wolman disease 287

X

Xeroderma pigmentosum 765

Xerophthalmia, WHO classification 99

Xerostomia 385

X-linked dominant disorders 268

X-linked recessive disorders 267

Yellow fever vaccine 156

Yellow-nail syndrome 775

Z

Zellweger syndrome 285

Zinc 110

Zinc deficiency 110

Z-score 11

Although breastfeeding (BF) is a norm in India, many problems during lactation may be avoided by following correct breastfeeding practices, discussed below:

• Antenatal preparation for successful lactation should begin with each ANC visit including:

(a) breast examination to check protractility of nipples,

(b) maternal counseling regarding importance and correct practices of breastfeeding, and (c) identification of 'at-risk' mothers, e.g.

• Initiation of breastfeeding: Breastfeeding should begin within the 30 minutes of vaginal delivery and as soon as possible after cesarean delivery.

Early feeding (a) stimulates prolactin secretion, (b) stimulates oxytocin secretion and help in placental expulsion with less risk of postpartum hemorrhage, (c) establishes emotional bonding, (d) prevents neonatal hypoglycemia, (e) provides immunoglobulin-rich colostrum, and (f) provides warmth to the baby by skin to skin contact.

Breast crawl is a very useful practice to achieve early initiation of BF. It involves placing the newborn on mother's abdomen soon after the delivery that allows him/her to find mother's breast on its own and decide when to take the first breastfeed (Fig. 5.2). No pre-lacteal feeds: Any top-feeds, given to the baby before breastfeeding are termed as pre-lacteal feed. This includes water, sugar water, honey, gripe water, etc. Pre-lacteal feeds are strongly discouraged due to the risk of: (a) enteral infections, (b) nipple confusion* *, and (c) poor sucking efforts by partly satisfied baby with consequent decrease in the BM output.

When pre-lacteal feeds are given by a syringe, bottle or spoon, easy flow of milk may cause nipple confusion, i.e. confuse the baby to properly latch and suck during subsequent breastfeeding.

• Asymptomatic infection (~50%)

• Non-specific febrile illness

• Exanthemous illness: Herpangina, HFMD

• Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

• Respiratory: URTI, bronchitis, pleurodynia, ? asthma

• GIT: Vomiting, diarrhea, Abd. pain (d/d surgical abd.)

• CNS: Aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, GBS, C. ataxia

• Others: Myositis, arthritis, myocarditis, orchitis*

• Neonatal infections: Sepsis-like illness, myocarditis *Enteroviruses are 2nd common cause of orchitis after mumps. HFMD: Hand-foot-mouth disease, GBS: Guillain-Barre syndrome

• Convalescence in 6-8 weeks with spontaneous recovery except in immunodeficient cases.

Complications are uncommon, usually seen during 2^nd-3^rd weeks of illness (Table 10.41). Splenic rupture is the most dreaded complication in these cases.

Superficial skin infections, discussed in this section, are not only more common, but also serves as a portal of microbial entry for serious deep-seated infections or septicaemia

Umbilical sepsis (omphalitis) is one of the commonest superficial infection and potential source of septicaemia in newborns.

Etiologically, umbilical sepsis is usually due to Staph. aureus or E.coli, depending on local nursery profile and antiseptic practices.

Clinically, it presents with—(a) purulent, foul-smelling discharge, (b) peri-umbilical redness and induration, and

(c) delayed separation of stump gt;7-10^th day (Fig. 12.18).

TABLE 12.43: Immature host-defenses in newborn

• Immature skin/mucus membrane barriers

• Immature physiological clearance, e.g. cough

• Immature immune mechanisms

- Poor phagocytosis for innate immunity

- Low IgM and secretory IgA levels* *

- Low IgG in preterms**

- Low complement/opsonin activity

- T NK-cell activity

- Lack of specific acquired immunity

• Antibiotic/drug therapy altering normal flora

*Only IgG is transferred transplacentally,

**as IgG transfer is maximum in last trimester.

While large number of inherited tubular disorders with defect in water or electrolyte conservation are known (Table 21.5), important ones are as follows:

Fanconi syndrome is the generalized defect of proximal tubular transport, characterized by bicarbonaturia (proximal RTA), glucosuria, phosphaturia, tubular proteinuria, aminoaciduria and citrauria.

Etiology: Fanconi syndrome may be primary (sporadic or hereditary), or secondary (acquired). Important causes of secondary Fanconi syndrome include:

• IEM: Cystinosis, Wilson disease, Lowe syndrome* *

• Drugs: Aminoglycosides, Cisplatin, Ifosfamide

• Toxins: Lead or other heavy metal poisonings

• Others: Myeloma, collagen disorders

*Lowe syndrome is a rare x-recessive disorder with congenital cataract, mental retardation and Fanconi syndrome.

Clinically, these cases present with short stature, failure to thrive, resistant rickets, recurrent vomiting and severe acidosis/electrolyte imbalance during intercurrent infections; apart from other features of causative disease. Diagnosis rests on A constellation of biochemical abnor­malities, e.g.—(a) hyperchloremic acidosis, (b) generali­zed aminoaciduria, (c) glycosuria, and (d) phosphaturia despiTe low serum phosphorus levels.

21.11.3