Conclusion

Advances in the genetic characterization of mycobacteria have provided ever­increasing insight into the evolution of the distinct lineages and species that com­prise the MTC (Brosch et al.

The precise genotyping of mycobacterial pathogens is particularly important for understanding the epidemiology of TB in humans and animals and for evaluating the risks associated with this disease. As such, it should be noted that a number of genetic markers that have historically been used to define lineages of the MTC may be ambiguous and may have resulted in the misclassification of species (Lutze- Wallace et al. 2006; Rahim et al. 2007). Knowledge of the diversity of the MTC in Africa and of the genetic characterization of these organisms will allow for greater insight into the consequences of TB in free-living and domestic animals.

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