CONTENT

Introduction to Protozoa and

Other Protista 167

Life Cycle Strategies among the Protista 168 Major Groups Considered 169

Amebae 169

Apicomplexa (Sporozoa) 170

Coccidia 172

Malaria Parasites (Haemosporidia) 173

Piroplasms 175

Ciliophora (Ciliates) 176

Excavata (Flagellates) 177

Intestinal Flagellates 177

Hemoflagellates 178

Life History Types among Protozoa 180

Direct (Monoxenous) Life Cycles 180

No Cyst Stage 180

Trichomonas gallinae 180

Cyst Stage Present 182

Eimeria spp.

Indirect (Heteroxenous) Life Cycles 184

Use Vertebrates as Both

Intermediate and

Definitive Hosts 184

Toxoplasma gondii 184

Arthropod-borne Apicomplexa 188

Plasmodium relictum

(Avian Malaria) 188

Trypanosoma spp. (Nagana) 189

Helminth-borne 191

Histomonas meleagridis 191

Opportunistic Soil and

Water Organisms 193

Acanthamoeba spp. 193

Literature Cited 195