CONTENT
Bacteria 241
Bacterial Identification 242
Viruses 243
Viral Identification 243
Bacterial and Viral
Transmission Patterns 243
Physical Contact 244
Ingestion 244
Aerosol Transmission 245
Arthropod Transmission 245
Helminth-mediated Transmission 245
Reservoir Types Used by Bacteria and Viruses 246
Vertebrate-dependent Reservoirs 247
Latent Infections (Apparently
Healthy Carriers) 247
Clinically Active Infections 248
Invertebrate-Vertebrate Reservoirs 249
Arthropod-Vertebrate Reservoir 249
Helminth-Vertebrate Reservoir 250
Soil and Water as Reservoirs 251
Literature Cited 252
Bacteria and viruses, while very different kinds of infectious agents, share many similarities in their basic life history strategies, including their means of transmission to susceptible hosts and the basic types of reservoirs they use for their long-term survival and success.
To reduce redundancy, and to accentuate these important patterns, we give a brief introduction to both bacteria and viruses in this chapter, followed by an overview of the most common patterns of transmission and the basic types of reservoirs used by pathogenic bacteria and viruses. We illustrate these patterns through discussion of specific bacteria and viruses in Chapters 9 and 10, respectively.
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