Answers to Figure Legend Questions

FIGURE 24.3 Wet calcareous loam.

FIGURE 24.4 Organisms move more freely across the matrix in (B). We can infer this because exchange occurs between habitat patches separated by matrix in (B) whereas it does not occur in (A) (unless patches are connected to one another by a corridor).

FIGURE 24.6 It is identical to the grain in all three panels of part (B)—they each have a pixel size of 50 ? 50 m.

FIGURE 24.17 Reserve size: A reserve that covers a small area typically harbors small populations—and small populations are at greater risk than larger ones from genetic factors (genetic drift and inbreeding), demographic stochasticity, environmental stochasticity, and natural catastrophes (see Chapter 10). In addition, a smaller proportion of the area is exposed to edge effects in a large reserve than in a small reserve; in a very small reserve, the entire area may be exposed to edge effects. Number of reserves: Although the total protected area is the same for both designs, in the design on the right each reserve is small in area and hence is likely to be at risk from problems associated with small populations. Reserve proximity: When several reserves are close to one another, individuals can move more freely between them. These movements help to prevent each reserve from experiencing problems associated with small population sizes. Reserve connectivity: Habitat

corridors enable organisms to cross boundaries or landscape elements that otherwise might isolate each reserve from the other reserves (thereby exposing each reserve to problems associated with small population sizes). Reserve shape: When two reserves of equal area are compared, the reserve with a more compact shape (the best possible shape being a circle) will have proportionately less of its area exposed to edge effects.