Contents

Acknowledgments xi

Note to Readers xv

Soviet Ukraine’s Administrative-Territorial Structure xix Russian, Soviet, and Ukrainian Measurements xxiii Maps xxv

Introduction

Introduction 3

1 The Ukrainian-Speaking Provinces before the Great War 12

Part One.

2 The First World War and Imperial Convulsions 39

3 Political Collapse, Revolutions, and Social Upheavals, 1917-1923 55

4 The Ukrainian Movements in Poland, Romania, and Czechoslovakia, 1918-1939 81

Part Two. The Second Total War: Social Engineering

5 Soviet Ukraine in the 1920s: Managed Diversity 111

6 Hypercentralization, Industrialization, and the Grain Front,

1927-1934 131

7 Hypercentralization and the Political/Cultural Fronts, 1929-1941 169

Part Three. The Third Total War and Its Consequences

8 The Second World War: The Killing Fields 201

9 Stalin’s Ukraine, 1945-1954 251 Conclusion 279

Archival Abbreviations 291

Notes 293

Index 393