INDEX

Arabic and Small Roman Numbers refer to the pages. Italics distinguish those upon whir h a subject is mainly treated from the many casual mentions of it.

A Large Roman Number following a geographical name indicates the Map upon which it may most conve iicntly be found.

Greek words are inserted where they would come if transliterated into Latin, save that ar, oi appear as if ai, 122

Amphitrite, 364, 386, 479 Add.

Amphora, wine jar, 338—360, 453, 475, 491, 495; kiln for, 506: found in Sc. tombs, 49, 82, 152, 153, 161, 173, 176, 179, 182, 187, 196Ó, 210, 216, 219; in Greek tombs, 425, as roof, 360, 417 decorative, a colonnette, 340 ; bronze, 1 73, 380 ; glass, 362 ; polychrome, 353—355, ff. 259—261 ; pendants, 395, 396 f. 290, 408, 409 f. 296

apupoplwv oppos, 399 n. 6

Ampyx, 392

Amulets, Christian, 320 n. 4 ; Greek, 399, 405, 430 ;

Scythic, 64, 179, 208 f. 106, 210, 223, 236

Anacharsis, 116; attracted by Greece, 84, 90; death of, 84

Anacia, 380, 516 ·

Anadol hoard, 585

Anaitis, 218 Add., 411 f. 298,

Ananjino, 105 n. 3, ^57, 238 ff. 178—180; beast from,

258 f. 180, 274; swords from, 70, 258 f. 179

Anapa, IX. 22—24, 295, 566; v. Gorgippia:

coffin from tomb near, 422 n. 4, 324—328, ff. 235— 239; cylinder and prism in, 410, 411 f. 298; stlengis in, 392 n. 5

’AvApies, 39, 45

Anastasius Bibliothecarius, 532 n. 10

Anastasius Chersonita, 535—537

Ancestry of Bosporan kings, 597, 603, 604, 616, 617, ⁶33

Andrew, S. 530; on vapour baths, 84 n. 2

Andron, vase-painter, 341 n. 3

Andronicus, oath of, 87

Androphagi, I. 27, 103

Angara, R. I. 245 f. 156, 247 f. 161

Anglo-Saxon fibulae, 282

Animals, v. beasts

Anise, 87 ayKvKopaxla,

Anna, Princess, 535—537

Annexations by Rome, 599

Annibi Mtes, VI.

Annovka, 377 f. 281

’An-si(k) (Parthia), I. 121

Ant, coins, 628; gold-giving, 113

àðòàêàëî¿, 6

Antandrus under Cimmerii, 42, 115

Antelope, 376, 402

Anthemion, 299, 300 f. 212

Arrows, 68', heads, 68, 142, 147, 158 f. 45, 161, 165, 170, 173, 175, 176, 177, 182, /90f. 82, 204, 221, 222, 226, 257, 261, 415, 453; bone, 158 f. 45, 246, 248; iron, 187, 229, 232, 248, 287 Add.; Siberia, 242 f. iso, 246; shafts, 157

Arsaces, 61 f. 14, 66, 121

Art, Aegean, 134—142; Asia Minor, 56, 284—287 and Add., 386, 387, 394, 403, 477, 480, 587, 603; Assyrian, 263, 270; Babylonian, 410, 411 f. 298; Chinese, 280; “Gothic,’’ 280—282; Greek (v. sub Attic, Archaic, Hellenistic, Ionian), in the Scythian colonies, 281, 282, 292—435, in Scythian service, 264 — 266, 283—291 and 287 Add.; Hittite, 263; Iranian, 263, 270, 271, 280; Keltic, 282; Minusinsk, 248, 261—264·, Roman, q. v.; Sassanian, 257; Scythic, 252, 261—283, subjects of, 268, materials, 269; Siberian, 261, 268—282 ff. 188—204; Syrian, North, 263; Urartu, 144 Add.

Artabanus, 122

Artaxerxes Mnemon, 41 1

Artaxias, 518

Artemidorus, 24, 128

Artemis, cults, 479, 619; Agrotera, 22, 295, 566, 619; Chersonesia, 541—550, v. Maiden; Ephesia, 619; Hymnia, 549; Strophaea, 620; Taurica, 101. 543 representations, 298, 318 f. 229, 390 n. to; archaistic, 414; with beasts, 222, 334; Ephesia, 400, 401 f. 294; Selene, 397, 427 f. 318

coins (547—550), 629

Articon, 466

Articulated dolls, 369, 370 f. 268 and Add.

Artillery, 526, 527, 531

Artimpasa (Aphrodite Urania), 85

Artjukhov’s Barrow, III. 423, 430—433 ff. 321 —324; general style of contents, 404—406 ; bracelet, 402 ; cameo, 404, 405, 414, 431 f. 321; coins in, 430, 433, 584, 585; diadem, 393, 399, 432 f. 322; earrings, 397, 431 f. 321; lamp, 381; mirror-box, 378; neck­ring, 399, 431 f. 321 ; necklaces, 405, 431 f. 321 ; oak-crown, 388; pin, 405, 431 f.

Aryballus, 338, 343 f. 249, 347 f. 252, 434 n. 1 As name for Alans, 37 n. 2

Asander, 561, 589, 591—594, 596, 604, 611, 614, 616; wall of, 16 n. 6, 592 n. 4; coins, 628, 630, 632 Asander (Gycia), 528—530

'\aavopt>xov, 596

Ascalon, Scyths at, 42, 45 Asc/iy, 108, 109

Asclepius, 447, 478, 478 Add., 545—547- 55°, ^6l7! altar to, 506; statues of, 296, 297, [304 n. 2,] 457 ; temple of at Panticapaeum, 5, 617

As-gu-za-ai (Scyths), 42, 115

A-she-na, 93

Ashik, A., xxix, 295, 308 n. 4, 323, 328, 433, 564 ; catacomb, 314 f. 224

Asia, Central, 1, 30, 43, 44, 46, 52, 58—61, 78—too. 107—115, 121, 122, 12911. 4, 145, 149, 443; art of, 232, 235, 262, 268, 271, 277, 280 — 282

Asia Minor, invaded by Cimmerians and Scyths, 41, 115; by Goths, 608 :

Art of, 144 Add., 284—290; coin types, 477, 480, 583, 603 ; jewelry, 386, 387, 394, 403, cf. Cyme : connexions with N. coast of Euxine, 56, 194, 307, 350, 351, 363, 3^8, 537, 538, 582, 585—608, 620, 626, 627 :

religions of, 218 Add., 368, 619

Asiani, 122

Asiatic Nomads, representations of, 58—61 ff. 12—14, 255 ff· >73- 174, "278, 279 ff. 201—203

Asiatic origin of Scyths, 44 Asiatic coin-standard, 631

Asiatics on Greek \⁷ases, 55, 56, v. Barbarian

Asii, 122

Askenaz (Scyths), 42

Askold, 537

Asmiraei Mtcs, VI. 114 η. 3

Aspacarae, VI. 114 n. 3

Aspelin, J. 257 n. 2, 258 f. 179, 260 n. 3

zVspurgiani, 128, 594, 595; ό tiri των Ά. 594- 595- 6ο8, 613, 615, 625

Aspurgus, 128, 522, 59°- 59*? 594—59^> 599—^^,ο1- ^°4- 61 ι, 613

Aspurgus P-iomasi, 613 η. 12, 614 η. ι

Asses, Olbian, 15, 4*5, 45¹, 453- 479- 4$²—Ρ1· Π. Asses, 5

Assimilation of Bosporans and Barbarians, 316

Asshur, Ac., symbol of, 61 f. 13, 193 f.

Assyrians, contact with Scyths, 36, 42, 115, 270; style, 70, 71, 171, 172, 222, 259, 263, 270

Astara, 296, 617, 619

Astarte, 617

Astrakhan, govt, barrenness of, 3; Sc. finds in, 173

Asturicani, II. 128 η. 12

Astynomus, 457, 473, 475, 541 ; on amphorae, 359, 360 Atheas (Ateas), 118, 123

Athena, cults, 351 n. 1, 479, 558; Arcia, 516 n. 6; Lindia, 463, 476, 479; Parthenos, 195 f. 88, 296, 393- 394, 4791 Bronaos, 517; Soteira, 5'16, 545 : representations, 157, 158 f. 45, 195 f. 88, 202, 204 Â f.

101, 208 f. 106, 212 f. 113, 296, 336, 342, 355, 364, 365 f. 265 I. 4, 379, 384, 385, 410, 414, 479:

coins, 447, 448 f. 329 bis, 453, 479, 484—486 and Add., 547- 559- 584, 602, 620, 630

Athenades, 56, 412, 414

ΑΘΗΝΑΙΗ, 212 f. 113, 336

Αθηναίων λίμην, IX. 19

Athens, archon dates, 570.

art of, 286, 386, 403, v. Attic

on Bosporus Cim., 560, 561, 572 ; Bosporan rulers complimented Ac., 571, 573—577, 580, App. 28, 34;

coins, 470; coin-types, 479, 484:

Delphinius at, 477:

jewelry, 386, 387, 395, 403:

at Nymphaeum, 560, 561:

prize-vases from, 347, 380, 465, 516, and Add., 567, 626:

sacked by Goths, 126:

terra-cottas, 363:

trade, in vases, variations in, 339—341, 442, 556; Hellenistic vases, 351; in corn Ac., 441, 442, 573—577- 580

Athletes, figures of, 369

Athletics, 465, 473, 474, 546, 626

Atilius Primianus, 525

Atmoni, 120

Attains, 289

Attic, cf. Athens

artistic and industrial products in Scythia, 284, 295— 300, 556; gold-work, 387, 393, 403; grave-relief, 296, 411 ; stele, 480; silver, 383; vases, 338—343, Ç47—Ç49, 4>5, 4if»:

names, 560:

standard for coins, 448, 631, 632

Attila, his sword, 71 ; mourning for, 91

Augeiischalev, 264

Augusti, v. Emperor

Augustus, 123, 335, 447, 449, 521, 592—595, 601 ; horoscope of, 595

ai’Aijs, ό ã’òã! τηι, 302 f.

Aurelia Tyche, 525 n. 1

Aurelian, 126

Aurelius, M. Imp., 446; indication, 390 n. 6

Aurelius Ilermocrates, 525, 541

Aurelius Jason, M., 525 n. 1

Beast (contd) :

handles and loops, 232, 235 f. 144, 242 f. 150, 244 f. 152, 246, 262, 265 n. 2:

sculptures, 298 :

style, Byzantine, 335, 357, 515; Keltic, 282; Scandi­navian, 282; Scythic, 167, 187, 206, 208 f. 106, 210, 214 f. 115, 223 f, 126, 233—235, ^59—2S2·, Siberian, 242 f. 150, 244 f. 152, 246—253 ff. 165— 172, 261, 262, 267, 268—282·, Teutonic, 259, 267, 280—282; Tripolje, 138 f. 32, 140 f. 34, 141:

upon beasts, 181 f, 75, 203 f. 98, 238 f. 146, 260, 264, 266, 275 f. 197 :

vases, 346

Beaver, 5, 105

Becker, 1’., 13 n. 1

Bees, 6

Bejkr'ish (2 in. NW. of Ochakov, Map IX.), 453, 454, 481

Bejsug R., IX. 21

Belaja R., I. 104, 113 11. 3

Belashevskij, N. Th., 130 n. 1

Belgorod, 14, 446

Bell, J., of Antermony, 253 11. 1

Bellerophon, 206, 382

Bells, 77, 154 f. 41, 165, 186 f. 79, 282 Belozerka, IX., “standards” from, 77 f- 20, 78

Belsk, IX., gorodishche at, 52 n. 3, 105 n. 4, /77

Belts, 43, 53, 57, 161, 179, 182 f. 75 bis, 222, 230, 244; cups on, 43, 81 n. 6

Bendis, 619 n. 20

Beneficiarii, 523 n. 7

Berard, V. 437

Berda R., IX. 1, 30 Berel R., I. 250

Berestnjagi, IX.; horses’ cheek ornament, 75 11.8, 191 f. 83, 267, 269

Berezan Island, IX. 14, 15, 387, 451—./jy, 480, 481, 483 =

pots from, 338, 339, 346 n. rq; graffiti, 361, 477—479, 618; lamp, 361; necropolis, 415, 416; terra-cotta, 364

Berezan Liman, IX. 15, 454

Bergeron, I’., I'oyages, Paris, 1634, la Haye, 1735· Text of Rubruck and de Plano Carpini translated from Hakluyt, 89 n. 3

Berlin, coffin at, 331 ; distemper vase at, 348 Bessarabia, IX.; corn, 444, 447; wine, 360, 447:

Tripolje areas, 133, 134 n. 1, 140, 142

Beth-Shean (Scythopolis), 42, 99 n. 10

Bevan, A.

Bertier de-la-Garde, A. I.., xxix.; on Akkerman, 446, 449; Bosporan monograms, 591—604; Cave-towns, 295 n. 3; on Chersonese, 494 — 515, 521—522, 532, 535—537,. 545i 547—55°, 552, 553 ! Jalta find, 523 n. 7; Olbian coins, 459, 462, 482—485, 486 Add.; walls, 461; Bosporan coins, 630—633; Theodosia, 34°, 555—559

Bes, 367 and Add., 404, 428

Beslcneevskaja Stanitsa, tiara from, 58 f. 1 r, 290; beads from, 65 f. 16

Bezschastnaja Mogila, IX. 142 n. 6, 151 ; armour-scales, 74

Bhotan, 114 n. 3

Bibliographies: Bosporus, 634—638; Cercinitis, 492; Chersonese, 550—553; Colonization and Trade, 444; Ethnology of Scythians, 97—100; Olbia, 488, 489; Russian Publications, xxiv'—xxxiii; Scythia of Herodotus, Geography, 33—34; Survey of Coast, 25; Theodosia, 559, 560; Tyras, 449

Bienkowski, P., on carts, 50

Bier, 157, 161

Biga, 216, 218 f. 120, 343, 374

Bijsk, I. 244 f. 152, 262, 282

Bilgä Khan, 90

Bion, 465

Birds (cf. beak-heads, eagle, &c.), skeleton, 415:

represented on frescoes, 309, 310, 312, 314, 315 ff. 224, 225, 318—321; in plaster, 372 f. 271; gold, &c., 222, 233 f. 138, 234 f. 139, 250, 253, 268 fi 185, 275 f. 197, 280, 289, 382, 397, 398 f. 291,431 f. 321; vase, 346; human headed, 258 f. 182 and Add., 376, 378 Birisades. (Paerisades), 575

Bishop, of Bosporus, 610; of Chersonese, 493 n. 1, 531, 539

Bison (Coins), 5

Bisutun, reliefs at, 57, 59 f. 12, 60, 112, 410

Bithyuia, 518, 590, 591, 605—607

Bits, 75—77, 88, 165, 174 b 70, 175, 176, 182, 191 f. 83, 206, 209 f. 109, 210, 214 f. 115, 216, 222, 226, 228, 229, 231 f. 135, 247 f. 163, 248, 250

Bituitus, 589

Black Sea, fish, 6 ; v. Euxine Blahoveshchenskaja, III. 324 Blakesley, J. VV., 33

Bliznitsa (twin), Great, 111. barrow, 423—429 ft. 312 — 320, 619:

bracelet, 402, 426 b 317 ; calathi, 391, 392, 425 f. 315, Ariinasp upon, 56; chamber in, 294, paintings of, 307, 423 ff. 312, 313; coffins, 331, 424 f. 314; ear­rings, 397; gem, 412, 427 f. 318; griffin-heads, 393 n. 8, 427 f. 318 ; grotesques, 369; helmet, 379, 429; mirror boxes, 378; necklaces, 399, 400, 427 f. 318; necklet, 400, 402, 429 f. 320; phalerae, 378 ; plates, 403, 427 f. 318; shoe, 336 n. 1 ; snake-ring, 410 n. 7, 427 f. 318; statuette, 392; stlengis, 392, 428 f. 319 Bliznitsa, Little, III. 422 n. 4

Bliznitsy, twin class of barrows, 152 Blochet, E., Orkhon Inscr., 90 n. 4 Boar (sow, swine, hog), 5, 49, 182:

representations, 198 f. 91, 2 14 f. 115, 217 b 119, 237 f. 145, 239 f. 147, 260 f. 182 bis, 268, 270 f. 186, 274, 275, f. 195, 277 f. 200, 278 f. 201; brooch, 175 > g^aP *ⁿ >n^al'e, 208 f. 106, 239 f. 137, 265, 270; winged, 197 f. 90, 206, 208 f. 106

Boat on stele, 304 Bobrik, IL, 33

Bobrinskoj (Ct A. A.), xxix. 48, /75 n. z; on Bunchuki, 78 n. 8: Ulisccllany, xxix

Bobritsa, IX., bits from, 76; Greek pot, 8211. 4, 348; looped mirror, 193 f. 85

Bodini, IL, 105

Boeckh, A., 98 n. 5 Boehlau, J., 338, 339 n. 6, 342 n. 2 Boeotian vases, 338

Boethus, 297

Bogas, 534

Bogdanov, A., on Scythic Skulls, 47 Bogh, God, from Baga, 38

Boii, 123

Bolgars (Volga), 534, 535, 539; horse-burial, 91 ; sword­worship, 71 ; split, 103 n. 7: cf. Bulgarians

Bolgary, town, I. 104, 105, n. 3 Bologde, neolithic station, 132 n. 1

Bone, from food, 49, 132, 165, 176, 177, 182, 192, 196^, 216 ; as fuel, 80:

objects of, mostly from about Smela, t75sqq.; armour­scales, 74, 188 f. 80; arrow-heads, 158 f. 45, 190 f. 82, 287 Add.; bodkins, 180; carved, 269, 335; knobs, 177; neolithic, 132; palaeolithic, 131 ; psalia, 77, 182, 188, 189 ff. 80, 81, from Kuban, 77 n. 1, 223; spoons, 177

Bonnell, E., xxix, 34; on Scyths, 99 n. 2

Book-chest on stele, 304

Bo6A.), xxix. 11 —14, 34, 98 n. 13, 103, 124 —126, 168, 460 463

Brauronia, 543, 544

Bravlin, 533

Breaking on purpose, 226

Breast-bands, 406

Bribe, 466

Brick, crude, 454, 460, 499 Bridles, 75—77 ; v. bits, psalia

Brisais, 481

Britannicus, 599, 602

Britolagae, IX. 125, 460 n. 4

Brockhans-Jefron, xxix

Bp6/oor, 561

Broiiiovnis, 494

Bronze Age, Russian, 257; Silirinn, 241 jS

Bronze, for servants’ jewels, 62, 63, 38:, not pm m tombs l Scyths (Her.), 88, but iinmr ally loi.i d, 149 sqq·; Scythic work in, 269

Bionzc-·, Greek, 374 382, ■■(>401 ê. 294, 405, 410—414 ff. 298, 299, 427 ê 318, 428, 430, 431 ê 321; cylinders, 193 ê. 85, 411k 298

Chalcidian vases, 339

Chaicis, 352

Chamaecoetae, 129 Chamberlain, 613, 615

Chambers, grave, Greek, 294, 323, 417—425(1.308— 313, 433 ff. 323, 324; v. “catacombs,” vault

Cli'ang, 92

Ch‘ang-’an, 114 n. 3 Chang K‘icn, 92, 121 11. 8 Chantre, E., 259 n. 4

Chapels, 509—513

XAPA, 410

Charasjies (Adraspus, 123), 487 Charax, IX. 19, 523

Charchan Darya, 1. 114 11. 3 Charcoal foundations, 454 Charon’s coin, 453, 483 Chatyr Da'gh, IX. 19 f. 2 Chaurana, VI. 114 n. 3 Chavannes, E., on W. Turks, 114 n. 1 Check-ornaments (horses). 75, 76, 169 f. 60, 185 f. 78, 287 Add., 291

Cheek-picces, 75—77 ; v. Psalia

Cheese, 49 XtiXidpx9s, 612, 614 Xtipo/3o\f Byzantine, buildings, 295, 508 513, 538> small antiquities, 514, 515, 538, coins, 532, officials, 542, 543 : Cercinitis, 490, 491 ; coins, 541—550, dated, 522, 523, Byz. 532: deities, 361, 543—546; destruction, 494, 539; Dorisni, 444, 493, 545; emblemata, 385; foundation, 515 and Add.; graffiti, 361; graves, 421, 422, 506, 507 f. 339, chamber, 421 If. 310, 311, 508. painting, 320; stele. 67, 507 f. 339: history, 515—539; institutions, 540 —543; jewelry, 291, 397—399, 402> 40^—408 f. 295 ; magistrates, 540—543, Maiden, 475, 516 518. 520, 541—550; Medusa, 291 n. 1; Mithridates, revolt from, 588, tribute to, 520 : name, 493 n. 1 ; Olbia, 459, 470; “Old,” 496—499, 513; pots, 339, 341, Milesian, 339 Add., glazed, 357 : Rome, 522—526; safety from Goths, &c., 127, 494; see of, 493 n. 1, 53*, 539; site, 4, 17, 18, 495 sqq. ; trade, 440, 538; wall, 295, 498—506 IT. 334—338; tomb in, 422, 499, Plan VII. inset, jewelry from, 291, 397 399, 402, 410 n. 1, urns, 380: war with Scilurus, 119, 518—520, with later Sc., 469, 523

Chersonese, Cape, IX. 18, 495, 496 Chersonesite at Olbia, 421; on Bosporus, 627 Chersonesus in Crete, 493 n. 1

Chersonesus Minor, VIII. 18, 493, 495, 517, 51S Chersonesus Taurica, 493 n. 1

Chersonesus Thracia, 117, 493 n. 1 Chersonesus Trachea, 8

Chertomlyk Barrow, IX. 88, 152, 153, /55—/65 If. 43 — 53: "

amphorae, 161 ; arrows, 157, 161 ; bits, 165; cantharos, 165 Add., 349; car, 75, 165; cauldrons, 80, 157, 162 f. 50, 165, 268; date, 287 Add.; dish, 161, 384; earrings, 62, 161 ; fingerrings, 64, 161 : gorytus, 67, 164 f. 53, 284—286 f. 206,.2-5’7 Add.; greaves, 74, 161; grooms, 153; horses’ trappings, 165, 290; knives, 72, 157, 161; mirrors, 157, 161; plan, 156

M.

Cheitoinlyk Barron (contd)

f. 43; plates, 157, 138 f. 43; pottery, 165 Add.; plundering a mistake, 155 Add.; quivers, 161, 165; sheath, 71, 164 f. 53, _>.S’7 f. 207; silver, 382,

384 ; skulls, 46; Standards, 78, 165; snips, 157 f. 44, 283; swords, 70, 163 If. 51, 52, 263, 270; torques, 63, '57, 158 f. 45, 161, 165 ; whetstone, 73, 1Ο5 ; whips, 77, 161; women’s dress, 61, 62, 178 f. ₄;, 161 :

vase, 159 162 II. 46 49, j’d’.?, dress on, 57; hat ness on, 75; horses on, 48; for kumys, 81

Cherub ; grillin, 113

Chigirin, dist. of (Kiev govt), IX., Sc. tombs in, 177; early Greek pots from, 339; pins· from, 191 f. 83

Chih-chili, 92

Children, 368

China, 114, 121; v. Chinese: attraction for Turks, 90, 95;

Mongol funerals in, 89; offerings at Khan’s tomb, 90;

monsters not indigenous, 280;

relations between nomads and, 9/ 97, 246; trade with, 443, 558; visited by Yen ts'ui, 107

Chinese, account of nomads, 90 9./; art, 262, 280; cauldrons, 79, 246; name for Greeks, 12911. 4; on Khalkas, 113; knives (cash), 243 f. 151, 246, 261; mirror types, 66, 246, 261; perhaps Hyperboreans, 114; rattle, 78, 243 f. 151, 248 η. i; roundel, 280 11. 4; wall, 114 n. 3, 121, v. China

Chingiz Khan, advice to his sons, 95; burial of, 88, 89; complexion of, 45; employs foreigners. 252; rise of,

44

Chios, 442, 627

Chisel, 228

Chmyreva Barrow, IX. 152, /68, /69 if. 58 62: earring, 395 n. 5 ; horse trappings, 75, 76, 168, 169 ff. 58 — 61, 269, 290, 403; necklace, 400; plate, 168 Add., jx? 7; wrestler plaque, 57 n. 1, 169 I. 62 Chobruchi, IX. 446

Xda5[decorations, 332—334 ff. 241—243, 370—374 ff. 269—277; Olbia, 322 f. 232, 420; other Scythic tombs, 157, 216

Cohors, 1. Cilicum, II. Lucensium, I. Bracaraugusta- norum, 525 n. 1 ; IV. Cypria, 614; Thracum, 470, 614; I. Bosporiana, 614

Coins, (v. 661 sqq.), artistic merit of, 414:

Bosporan, 581—611, 627—633; Pls. V.—VIII., IX. 10—24;

Cercinitis, 491, 492; Pl. IX. 1—3;

Chersonesan, 547—550; Pl. IV.; Byzantine at Chersonese, 532:

collections of, 661 :

dating graves &c., 187, 253, 312, 319, 320, 329 n. 4, 408 n. 3, 420, 429, 430, 433, 434, '470, 502, 585 ; cf. Lysimachus :

foreign at Chersonese, 516; Olbia, 470:

Ilan in Siberia, 253:

Nymphaeum, =;61 ; Pl. IX. 8, 9: Olbia, 482—487; Pl. IL, HL:

Roman, 187, 253:

Ryzhanovka, set in rings, 64, 180, 291 :

Sindi, 632 ; Pl. IX. 25—27 :

Coins (contd)

Spartocid, 581—586:

tamgi on, 47 n. 5, 317 f. 227:

Theodosian, 559; Pl. IX. 4—7:

types no evidence for cults, 476, 480;

Tyras, 447, 448 f. 329 bis, Pl. I.

Colander, 206, 221, 288

Colaxais, 43; name, 39, 100

Colchi, Colchis, II. 24, 128, 436, 437, 587—589, 594, 598, 604; coins, 632, Pl. IX. 29

Cold, effects of. 5, 45

Collar, 215, 234 f. 139, 235, 253, 280, 402, 429 f. 320 Colleges of magistrates, 471—475, 540—542 and Add. Colonization, 438, 439

Colophon, 627

Colour with skeletons, 142—143 and Add., 151, 175, 223, 228, 229 f. 131, 370 n. 3

“ Colouristic ” fashion, 281, 387, 404

Columbaria, 422, 503 f. 337

Coins, 5

Comb, 335, 399

Combat represented, of animals, 155 f. 42, 157 f. 44, 159 f. 46, 164 f. 53, 198, 199 ff. 91, 92, 203 f. 98, 209—214 ff. 108, 112, 114, 115, 270 f. 186, 275— 277 ff. 195—200, 424, 425 ff. 314, 315, v. beasts archers, 54, 55 ff. 8, 9, 61 f. 13, 255 f. 173; cavalry, 314 f. 224, 315 f. 225, 316, 319 f. 230; infantry, 316, 317 f. 227:

king and beast, 411 f. 298, 412, 427 f. 318

Comma and point pattern, 255, 256 ff. 175—177, 272— 279 ff. 188—192, 196, 198—200

Commerce, 439—444, v. trade

Commerciarii, 543

Commodus, 446, 525; indication, 390 n. 6 Communications in Asia, 1 14

Communion, 218 Add. cf. 158 f. 45, 203 f. 98 Comontorius, 125

Comosarye Gorgippi f., 571 n. 1, 573, 578, 617 ; monu­ment of, 22, 296

Complimentary decrees, 468—471, 524, 571, 574—577, 580

Composite order, 315

Concubine, buried with king, 88, 89

Cone-earring, 191 f. 83, 395

Constans (526)

Constantine L, 526, 527, 531

Constantine Manasses, 533

Constantine the Philosopher, 513, 533, 534, = Cyril

Constantine IX., Porphyrogenitus, 532, 535—537; on Dnepr rapids, 28; river names, 28, 38, 122 n. 5 ; on Capha, 558; Cherson, 440, 441, 493 n. 1, 526—538 Constantinople, 527 ; commerce with Cherson, 538 ; councils of, 493 n. 1, 531 ; cf. Byzance

Constantinovo, bit, 76 f. 19 ; pots, 82 ff. 24, 25 Constantius, 385, 470, 526, 610

Constitution, v. Institutions

Contests, gymnastic, 66 n. 10, 465, 473, 474, 546, 547, 626 ; lyre-players and flautists, 626 ; trumpeters and heralds, 547

Conti, long spears, 68

Contracted burials, 142, 177 f. 72, 187, 228, 229 f. 131

Contractors, 461, 472, 475

Convolvulus, 430

Cook, A. B., 85 Add., 289 n. 2

Cook, S. A., 617

Cook buried with king, 88

Cooking, 49, 80

Copper: in Altai, 7; workings, 241:

age, 132 n. 4, 228, 370 n. 3; in Siberia, 241—248; arrow-heads, 142; axe, 136 f. 30, 143, 228, 247 f. 160, 257 n. 3; coins (i.e. bronze) exchange of, 461 ; emblema, 232 n. 5, 381 ; knife, 242 f. 150, 245 f. 154, 247 f. 164, 248; scales mixed with iron, 224, 229;

Copper (contd)

scythes or sickles, 243 f. 150, 246, 247 f. 162; tools, 242 f. 150; v. bronze

Coptic textiles, 31611. 2, 336

Coral, in Sc. tombs, 65 ; inlay, 268, 278 f. 201

Coralli, 121 11. 2

Coretus sinus, 17

('ore, v. Persephone

Corinthian order. 331, 456

Corinthian vases, 338, 3313

Corn, gift of, 575, 580; price of, 460 — 462 ; trade, 440 444, 517, 556, 574 57,8; tribute, 5’0, 586

Cornelius Pudens, 522

Cornucopiae, 630

Corocondame, Ill. 22—24

Corocondamitis, I,., Ill. 22 — 24

Coronitis, 17, 490 11. 1

Coroplast's shop, 363, 364

Cos, 463; wine of, 442

Cosmetics, Scythic, 84, 232

Cossack Bay, VIII. 496—498, 513

Cossacks, dress of, borrowed from Tartars, Ac., 46, 316; waterways used by, 30; whips, 77

Coticri, 44 11. i

Cotta, 521, 587

Cotys I. (Bosporus), 522—524, 590,595 60/, 611, 613, 632, 633

Cotys II., 24, 304, 524, 604— 606, 611, 614, 632: coin of, type, 304; coin in “catacomb,” 319

Cotys III., 607, 611, 632

Cotys V. Sapaeus of Tlnace, 590, 595, 604

Cotys of Lesser Armenia, 590, 604

Couch, bronze mounting, 378, 379 f. 282; foot, 172 f. 69,

Council, v. Senate

Count, 532, 610, 614

Countermarks, 485—487, 548, 549, 576, 629, 630, 633 Court, Bosporan, 612, 613; Imperial, 469 η. 2, 6o8 Cousincry, 521 n. 3

Cowrieshells, 64

CA’., account of, xxv

Crater, bronze, 375

Craterus, 561

Cremation, among Greeks, 415 and Add., 420, 422 425, 428:

traces among Scyths, 177, 226; in later graves, 187; in Siberia, 252; at Tripolje, 140, 141

Crematoria, 415

Cremni, IX. 21, 52

Cremnisci, 1 3

Crepe, 336, 390

Crescent and star, 592 f. 34'7, 602, 603, 617, 629, 633 Crichiniri, 490 n. i

Crim Tartars, 31711. 1, 494, 558, 559

Crimea, coast range, 1 ; steep to, 3,4; vegetation of, 5 n. 4 ; long unoccupied by Greeks, 5 11. 4, 495 : dolmens, 146: tribes of, 101, 127:

coins of its Khans, 317 11. 1:

palaeolithic finds, 131 11. 5:

SAV. part, 495—498

Criscononis, 526, 527, 604 11. 5

Criu.Metopon, IX. 8, 19

Croats, 124

Cross, 303 f. 217, 308, 320, 514, 538, 610; chuiches, 511 f. 340—513

Crown, 233—235 f· '3⁸. ^iS3- 333- 33⁶· 3⁸4.ο^— 390 ff. 285, 286, 404, 405, 420, 430, 432 f. 322, 433, 434 f· 3^ar> 624 ; as reward, 388, 459, 464, 468, 470, 472, 520, 575 ; kingly, 218 Add., 586, 589

Crozier, 515

Crystal, 177, 208 f. 106, 265, 406, 408. 413, 414, 430 Csengery, A. on Scyths, 99 n. 6

Ctenus, VIII. 496—498

< ksiis,,,n 8,·,\a pm,,f Darius, ii6u. j

Cncuteni, IX. 134

Cuirass, 74, v. armour

Cults, Bosporus, 615 620; Cheisonesc, 543 546; Olbia, 475 481 and Add. ; Srylhic, 85, S6 and Add. ; Tyras, 446

Cumae, 439

Cumans (Polovises), burials, 89 91, j₄o; iiatm d boundaries, 27, 240: oaths, 87

Cunningham,.Sir A., 254 11. 1

t '11110, j. ('., 98 n. 1

Cup, 43, 59 f. |2, 60, 37,.Off. 24, 25, 18», 186 f. 79, 187, 200 f. 93 and Add., 218 Add., 235 f. 144, 287, 288 and Add.:

inscribed, 235, 507 f. 339; from Pavlovka, 80 f.

23, 81 ; buried with kings, 88; drunk from in pans, 83; silver from Majkop, 144 f. 36 and Add.; skull cup. 81, 83 f. 26; Uvarov, 235 and Add., 409 n. 10; worn at belt, 43,81 u. 6; v, cylix, scyphns, cantharos Cup-bearer, buried with king, 88

Currency, 459, 461, 472, 473, 576, 632, 633 Curses, 466, 516, 620 and Add.; to protect grave, 319 Customs ot Scythians, 47 88; foreign, among Sc., 84 Customs-duty, 473, 576, 624 11. 1

Cyathus, 430

Cybele, 298, 377, 458, 479 and Add., (619)

Cylinder, engraved, Oriental, 410—412 f. 298; in Scythic tomb, 64, 193 f. 85, 270, 412; Persian, with nomads, 61 f. 13; Perso-Greek, 264, 265, 4to—412 f. 298; as a die, 393

Cylix, 350 f. 256, 351 n. 1, 361, 382 384, 452 η. t, 477, 47«. 479; ··> Scythic use, 81, 176, 182, 196, 206, 210, 221, 348, 383

Cyma, Cymation, 287 Add, 294, 306, 328 f. 239, 331, 424 f· 3'4

Cymbals, 331, 428, 515 Cyme, jewelry from, 392 11. 6, 395 11. 12, 397 11. 4,

399 11. 6, 403, 406 n. 3 ; foundation of, 439 Cymry not = Cimmcrii, 40

Cypress, 84, 87

Cyprian, citizen, 627; cohort, 614 ; jewelry, 386, 3S7, 395; mouth-plates, 422; vases, 338

Cypro·Phoenician style, 299, 382 Cyrbasia, 44 Add. f. o, 59 f. 12, 60, 112

Cyrenc, frescoes at, 308; vases exported to, 341 Cyril, S. (Constantinus Philosophns), 513, 533, 534 Cyril Street, Kiev, neolithic station, 132, 137 f. 31, 140;

palaeolithic station, 131

Cyrus river, I. 30

Cytae (Cytaca), III, 20

Cytais, 436

Cyzicus, I. 518, 587:

coins, 459, 462 n. 1, 470, 485, 627, 631 ; types of, 284, 394 '·.

foundation, 439; months, 472

Daci, 102, /-’J, 126, 464; Roman wars with, 523; standards, 78 11. 6

Dadicae, dress of, 61

Dado, 307, 309

Dadus Satyri, 473, 486 Dadus Tumbagi, 468

Dagger, 385; Scythic, 58, 59 b 12, 60, 63’—χ_’, 158 f. 45, 171 f. 65, 172 f. 66, 229, 236, 261, 262; Siberian, 242—250 ff. 150, 151, 169—171, 257, 258 f. 179

Dahae, 1. not=Ta-hia, 12911. 4

Daix (Ural R.), I. 122

Dalton, Ο. M., 63, 172, 236, 260, 265, 268, 271,

273, 282 11. 2, 411, 512 11. 3, 514 n. 1, 515 11. 4 Damiorgus, 516, 517, 540, 541

Dancers, 197 f. 90, 320, 335, 367, 427 f. 318; vases, 346, 368

Dandace, IX. 498 η. i

Dandarii, IX. 12.8, 576, 589, 597, 598

Danube, I. I, 27, 120; mouths, 11—13, 27; tributaries, 27, 28; Darius crosses, 116; Scyths cross, 118; tribes about, 120—126

Daphnus, stele of, 302 f. 215, 625

Darial pass, I. 41

Därievka, IX. /77, 178 ã. 73:

frontlets with temple-ornaments, 62, 394; griffins, 178 f. 73, 283; sword, 70

Darius, desecrates Scyths’ tombs, 92; epitaph, 112; invades Scythia, 27, 1 /6, 117, 237, 340, 458 ; and Gaumata, 410, 411 f. 298 :

vase, v. Xenophantus

Darts, 68, 197 f. 90 top

Datames, 56, 412

Dated coins, Bosporus, 590—611 ; Chersonese, 522, 523,

549

Date-palm 343 f. 249

Daulis, 425 n. i

—dava, Dacian termination, 124

Debt, 459, 461, 462, 474 Decius, defeat of, 126, 470 Decoration, surface, 181 f. 75, 203 f. 98, 238 f. 146,

260 f. 182 bis, 275 f. 197

Decrees, procedure for, 446, 471, 472, 540, 580

Dedications, 176, 232, 304 f. 218, 361, 446, 462, 468, 469, 473—482 and Add., 544—546 and Add., 581, 615—619

Deer, 5; Scythic, 77 f. 20, 78, 260, 264—268: representations, 157 f. 44, 171 f. 65, 181 f. 75, 186 f. 79, 188 f. 80, 191—193 if. 83—85, 198, 199 ff. 91, 92, 203 f. 98, 205, 207 f. 105, 208 f. 106, 213 f. 114,

214 ff. 115, 219, 222, 226 f. 129, 228, 233 f. 138,

234, 236, 238, 239 ff. 146, 147, 247 f. 165, 248, 251 f. 172, 256 f. 177, 257, 258 f. 182, 267 f. 183,

272 f. 190, 275 f. 197, 285 f. 206, 286 f. 207, 288,

290 ; on gem, 411 f. 298 ; heads, 232 ; at Sindzherli,

263 n. 7 :

coins, 544, 547—549, 629, 630

Deev Barrow, IX. /70, 180, 266, 283 n. 5, 382, 393, 397, 400

Defixiones, 466, 620 and Add.

Degradation, decorative, 77 f. 20, 150, 155 f. 42, 1571.44, 1581.45, 166—168 ff. 54—57, 180, 184 — i86ff-77 — 79, 191 f. 83, 201 f. 95, 219 f. 123, 256 f. 177, 257 and Add., 258 ff. 180—182, ’67 ff. 183, 184, 283, 299 Deidamia, 285

Deified, dead, 304, 606 n. 10; kings, 577, 606, 620 Deissmann, 469 n. 2, 622

Delius Apollae, 544 n. 11

Delos, confederation of, 447, 458, 561 ; houses at, 30711.3, 456; joins in founding Chersonese, 515; proxeny, 462

Delphi, 477; attacked by Kelts, 125; dedications by Paerisades II, 580, HI(?) 581, 582; griffins,

264 n. i ; inscriptions mentioning Pontic Greeks, 444; joins in founding Chersonese, 515; proxenies, &c., 517; standards, 187 n. 1

AcX^hios, 176, 361, 477

5eXi/>ws, 477

Delta of Danube, IX. 11—13; of Don, IX. 21, 567 Demerdzhi, Church at, 513 n. 2

Demeter, 393, 454, 479, 619 ; Chthonia, 620; Thesmo- phoros, 619; priestess of, 619, tomb of, v. Bliznitsa, Gt, 423:

bust of, 300; head of, bronze, 378, painted, 310; terra-cottas, 367 :

coins, 352 n. 5, 447, 448, 484, 486, 487, 602

Demetria and Pamphile, 296

Demetrius, S., 514

Demetrius Callatianus, 118

Demetrius (coin), 548

Demetrius Poliorcetes, 580

Demetrius, potter, 352

Demidov, I’., 253 n. 1

Democrates Aristogenis, 526

Demons averted, 422

Demos, v. People

Demosthenes, on Pontic trade, 4//—442, 555, $$7,574, S7S, 57⁸, $80, 631

Demoteles Theophili, 545

Denarii, 525, 548

Derevitskij, A. A., 363 n. 1, 375 11. 2

Dergavs, 259 n. 6

Desiccation of steppe, 3

Deserts in Herodotus, 27, 105, þá

Desna, R., I. 103

Dexamenus, 410, 413 ff. 299, 300, 414

Dhimini, 134 n. 1 and Add.

Dia, III. 20, 561

Dia... Heracleota, App. i8u, 524

Diaconicum, 512, 513

Diadems, 170, 172, 179, 182, 202, 222, 233—235 ff. 138, 139- 39^{2 ff}· ²⁸⁸- ^2§9> 393- 404- 43°- 432 f. 3²² ’ Diadochus, 615

Dialect, 319, 336, 359—361, 383, 466, 469, 480, 491, 493- 524, 54‘, 500

Diana, 544

Didius Gallus, 597

Didyma, style of temple at, 287 Add.

Dies, survival of 266, v. plates, use of, 284, 287 but v.

Add. ; coin-dies, 600

Dieulafoy, M., 257 n. 1

Different! on coins, 633

oiKWP òãðàêòøð, 319, 613

Dinarchus, 573—575, 578

Dio Chrysostom, visited Olbia, 9, 15, 123, 447, 453, 454, 464, 466—470, 472, 476, 480

Dioclea, 616

Diocletian, 526, 531, 609

Diodorus Siculus, on Bosporus, 563, 570—572, 578—580, 626 :

early history of Scythians, 36; contaminated account of their origin, 44

Diodotus of Bactria, 122 n. 1

Diogenes, Count, 532

Diogenes Diogenis, 526

8lolkcii>, &c., 473, 542 and Add.

Diomede, 285

Dionysia, 459, 465, 478

Dionysius (month), 546

Dionysius Diophanti, stele of, 303 f. 216

Dionysius Nicodromi, 465

Dionysius Olbianus, 465

Dionysius Periegetes, 25, 465 n. 8

Dionysopolis, 123 n. 9

Dionysus, cults, 458, 478, 518, 545, 616; ’Apeios, á³á: represented, 210 n. 3, 340—341 f· 247, 346, 351 n. 1, 364, 366, 367 :

coins, 447, 602, 603, á³á, 628—630

Diophantus Asclepiodori, inscr. in honour of, (App. 18), 119, 121 n. 2, 463, 490, 491,496—498, 518—520, 540 ■—542, 558 ; receives crown, 388 ; subdues Bosporus, 582

Diophantus Cost, stele of, 303 f. 216 Dioscuri, 478, 486, 546, 585, 618, 630

Dioscurias (Sukhum Kale), 1. 587 ; regarded as E. point of Euxine, 9; trade of, 443; tribes about, 24, 127 n. 4, 587 ; coin, 632

Diotimus, 548

Discos, 465, 473, 474; (paten) 514

Disease, Sacred,” among Scyths, 45

Dish, bronze, 196, 381; silver, 161, 384—386; Rhescu- poris, 280, 384, 434 f. 325; stone, 82, 175

Disk, in earring, 195 f. 88, 217 f. 119, 395—398 ff. 290, 291, 408, 427 f. 318, 431 f. 321:

winged, 61 f. 13, 208 f. 106, 411 f. 298, 412 Distemper vases, xxxiii, 347, 348 f. 253 Ditch, v. vallum, slaves’, 31

Divination among Scythians, S6, 87

Dnepi, R. (Borysthenes), IX. I 1, 15, 27, 29, 120, 44 1,

534 ; bend of, 2; rapids, 11, 28; fishing, 6, 440; mouth of N. point of Eu.xine, 8, position, 14 16; name, 38 ; salt at mouth of, 7, 534 ; liman, 15, 440

Dnestr, R. (Tyras), IX. 27, 28, 441, 445, 447; bar of, 4; mouth, 13, 14; name, 38; not crossed by Darius, 116; tombs of Cimmerian kings upon, 41 ; tribes about, 120, 122

Dobrudzha,. IX. 12; Little Scythia, 118

Docks, 556, 564, 569, 619 Doeptunes, Ti. Jul., 610

Dog, 204 t>. f. 103, 268, 278 f. 201, 330, 368, 402; rhyton, 210; vase, 346

Dolls, 369, 370 and Add., 428

Dolmens, 145, 146 f. 37

Dolphins, 332, 373; coins, 483—485; cf. fish-coins; coin-type, 476, 478, 4S4—487, 548, 602, 629

Dolzhdk (2 m. S.E. of Veremje IX.), figurine, 139’f. 33 Dome, 509

Doniitian, 523, 600, 602 ; coins of, 408, 448

Domitius Calvinus, 589

Domitius Modestus, 504, 532

Don, R. (Tanais), 17, 27, 30, 32, 107, 120:

bend of, 2 ; delta of, 21, 27, 567 ; mouth reckoned at Bosporus, 10. 20; natne = river in Ossetian, 38; Sarmatae cross, 118; v. Tanais (river)

Don Cossacks, Land of, IX. 31; Sc. finds in, 173; sheath from (Tanais), 71, 263, 270!. 186 ; statuettes, 381

Donets, R., IX. 1, 17, 30; bend of, 2

Donets, R. Dead, IX. 21, 567 Donguslav Liman, IX. 17, 18, 33

Doric, dialect, 359, 361, 469, 491, 493, 495, 524 11. 6, 526, 541 :

race, 491, 493, 545, 570

Dorohde, 385

D6rt Oba, 2*83

Doschi, 128, 577

Doublets, place names, 17; tribe-names, 103

Dove, 397, 431 f. 321

Dr atones, 78 n. 6

Dragendorff, IL, 349 n. 3

Dragon introduced to China, 280

Drainage, Chersonese, 502, 508

Draughts, 335

Dress, —62:

Bosporan, 56 f. 10,301—304!!. 213—218, pp. 313—319 ff. 223, 224, 227, 230; Olbian, 467:

Barbarian in Greek art, 53—57 IT. 8—9; Persian, etc., 59 f. 12 :

Scythic, 53—62; in ordinary'Greek art, 53—56 f. to; in local art, 57, 158—161 ff. 45—49, 169 f. 62, 182 f. 75 bis, 197 f. 90, 223 f. 126, 255 f. 174, 258 f. 178; women’s, 61, 62, 158 f. 45, 216, 218 f. 120 and Add.

Dress coat, 59 f. 12, 248

Drevlians, 103

Dromichaetes, 123

Dromos of vault, 417—420 ff. 308, 309

A/>6/ro5 ’AxiXX/ws, IX. v. Tendra

Diugs, 7, 440

Drusus, 601

Dryopians, 85 Add.

Dubno, IX., sword from, 70

Dubois de Montpereux, F., 22 n. 4, 33, 129, 436, 495, 564- 566

Dubrux, I’., 195—205, 393, 564

Duck, on crown, 233 f. 138 ; earring, 395 n. 5; neck­laces, 170, 400; textile, 336, 337 f. 244, v. 2; vessel, 232 n. 5

Duckworth, \V. IL, on skulls from Smela, 47 n. 1 Duhmberg, K. E., 415, 422, 636

Dukhova Mogila, 150

Dilminler, I·’., on “Pontic Vases, 53

Duinshin, (>., 33

Dunavets, IX. 11 13

Duneker on Darius, 117; on Scvth, 9811. 10

Dnrin. R., on masonry gravis, 294 n. 3

Dux, 52611. 3, 532, 54;, 543

Duzu Kale, 598 n. 4, 621 11. 17

594, 595, 601, 602, 611

Dynainis, 561, 590 595, 601,611, 613; coin, 592 f. ’47, ⁶³²

Dzharylgacli, IX. 16, 17; v. Tamyi.ice

Dzhida, R. 1., 253 n. 2

Dzieduszycki, W., 34

Dzungaria, 1. 108, 113, 1 29 11. 4

Eagle, 207 f. 105, 211 f. 112, 238 f. 146, 25311. 1, 257, 258 f. 182, 265, 26.8 f. 185, 273 f. 192,' 276 f. 199, 290, 346, 405. 432 f. 322, 622; double headed, 178 f. 73, 268; and dolphin, 360, 484, 4.85 : coins, 484 487, 629, 630

Earrings, in Scythic tombs, 62, 157, 161, 170, 177 180

f. 73, 191 f. 83, 195 f. 88, 202, 208 f. 106, 210, 216, 217 f. 119, 232, 236, 239 f. 148; Siberian, 244, 248:

Greek, 384 393, ff. 290 293, 395 Add.,

404 409 ff. 296, 297, 420, 426 428 f. 318. 430,

431 f. 321, 507 f. 339, 56S

Earth-goddess, v. Ge

Earthquake, 588, 619

Earthworks (v. vallum), i-fb—i/S

Eastern taste in jewelry, 404 ; ef. Iranian

Ecclesia, 464, 471 473; cf. People Ecclesiasterium, 455, 459, 472 Echidna, 43, 44 11. 2 e'XU'Oi, on bits, 75, 206, 210, 214 k 115 Edgar, C. C., 322 n. 1

Education, 613, 620, 623, 626

Effigies, sepulchral, 298, 305

Egg-and-dart, 328 f. 239

Egypt, Sacae in, Add. to 44 :

Grecian, its art (cf. Alexandria), compared with Bosporan, 294, influence on, 404; bronze, 382; coffins 322 n. 1, 323 n. 1; glass, 362; glaze, 354, 357·./>«. 444 t jewelry, 386, 387, 395 11. 1. 397 n. 7, 404—406 ; plate, 386 11. 4 ; pots, 353; textiles, 335, rose-pattern on, 316; toreutic, 35011. 2: corn, 460

Egyptian, deities, Bes, 367, Add., 404, 428; 1 larpocrates, 618; ll.ithor, 404, 431 f. 321; Isis, 310, 404, 446, 468 Add., 606 n. 10, 618 ; Osiris, 381,490; Sarapis, 310, 446, 468 Add., 602, 603, 606 n. 10 618:

gems, 412 anil Add., 452 n. 1 ; “porcelain," 147, 338, 339; sculpture, 298 Add., 377 :

vault, 170 f. 64, 194—200 ff. 86, 87, 89, 323

Eiones, IX. 17; v. Tendra

EIPI1BA, 485

eiprivijs aefSaarfjs, 522, 523, 545 n. 5

tlaayuyiov, 624 eia-qyeiaOai, 446, 471 ciairoiijTbs, 621, 623

Ekaterinenburg Dist., I. 173; sword from, 70 Ekaterinosl.iv, IX. 31 ; Scythic tombs in government of, 152—167 ; Greek pots in, 339, 349

Elabuga, 1. 257

Elections, 472, 473

Electrum, 196, 197 f. 90, 200 f. 93, 202, 203 f. 98, 205, 401 f. 294, 403, 4ion. 7:

coins, 584, 606, 607, 631, 632

Elephant, 346

Eleusis, 335, 423, 619

iXtvOipas, 522, 524, 547—550

Elis, harness from, 155 n. 1, 378

Elisavetgrad, IX. 153, 171, 173

Elizavetdvskaja Stanitsa, IX. 21, 270 f. 186 Add., 567, 626

Elpidius, S., 531

Eltegen, III. 20, 560; v. Nymphaeum:

tomb at, 208 f. 106, 213—215 ff. 114—116, 329 Embalming, 87, 88

Emblema, 232 n. 5, 349, 350, 364—366 ff. 265, 266, 38·. 384, 3⁸5

Embroidery, 336, 337 f. 244

Emeralds, 282, 396 f. 290, 405—408 f. 295, 431 f. 321 EMINAKO, 458', 485, 487

Emodus M., VI. 1140.3

Emperors, Roman, 335, 446, 522, 524, 525, 549 : coins of, 187, 2 53, 408,470; cult of, 482,620; dedications to or for, 446, 469, 593, 598, 605, 606; indications, 333, 385, 390 n. 6; priesthood of, 598, 620

heads of, on Bosporan coins, 595—611; presentations to, 469, 609; prostration to, 598

lp.irbpi.ov, 451 n. 1, 452, 51511. 11 ; Tanais, 566 n. 12, 615

Empress, Roman, bust of, 233 f. 138, 280, 298

Enamel, 63, 158 f. 45, 170, 195 f. 88, 197 f. 90, 202, 205, 208 f. 106, 222, 224 f. 127, 271, 282 11. 2, 289, 387, 388, 391, 393—397, 4°o—4°5> 425—432 ff· 3*5, 3>6, 318, 320—322; Byzantine, 514

’Evapees, v. Xvapies, name, 39, 86, 100 t'yxripiSia. of Sacae, 71

Enetae, 102

English, 537, 539 n. 4

Engraving, bone, 188 f. 80; bronze, 158 f. 45, 378; gems, q.v. ; gold, 168 ff. 58—61, 195 f. 88 sqq., 287 Add., 291 ; ivory, 131, 204 A—off. 100—103, 330, 334; silver, 144 f. 36 and Add., 159 f. 46 sqq., 167 ff. 56, 57, 206, 210, 211 f. 110, 219 f. 121, 383—385, 430, 43^{1 f}· 321

Enkomi casket, 260

IvKinXia, 613, 625

Ennion, glass maker, 362

Mbpies = watersnakes, 105 n. 5

Eos and Memnon, 199 f. 92, 202, 402 iirapxos, 610, 614

iiri)Koos, 468 Add., 621—623

Ephebi, 475 irpebpi.cpbs, 368

Ephemera, 6

Ephesus, foundations, 454 ; gold work, 260; griffins, 264 11. 1 ; ivories, 260 f. 182 bis, 263, 273 ; jewelry, 40011. 5; sacked by Goths, 126

Ephorus, 44 Add., 120, 12411. 4, 437, 439

Ephraim, S., 531

Ephthalite Huns, 93, 122 n. 2; type of, 47

Epicrates Nicerati, 478, 479 n. 8, 482

Epictetus, vase-painter, 340

Epidaurius Tower, 461, 478 liript-XtiT-ps, 504, 517, 542, 614, 615, 625 iirip-qvicucai, 474, 612

Eponymous, magistrates, 472, 473, 541 ; priests, 472, 54i

Era, Actian, 595; Bosporan, 590—59.2, 609—611; Chersonesan, 521, 542; none at Olbia, 472; used by Pharnaces I., 590 11. 1 ; Tyras, 446

ipyaarr)piov, 566

Eris, 336

Eros, 235, 295—297, 316, 3176227, 320, 321 f. 231, 33i> 334> 335, 34·’ f· 247, 357, 364, 367', 378, 381, 384, 386, 392, 396—401 ff. 290, 294, 405, 408, 409, 414, 420, 424 6 314, 427—434 ff. 318, 321, 322, _a _3²5, 457, 618, 619

Erzingan, dish and rhyton from, 265

Eskykrym, IX. 607 n. 2 ; not Cremni, 52 11. 2 Eskypolos, IX. 14

Etruria, its art compared with Bosporan, 293, 294, 377; jewelry, 386, 387, 397 n. 15, 404

Eubiotus, 582

Eucleius, 546

Eucratides, 254

Eudoxus Cnidius, 118

626.

Eugene, S., 531

Eulimene, 336 ev\oyr)TOS, 621, 622

Eumelus, 570, 572, 578—580, 583, 597

Eumenes IL, 518

Eumolpus, 604

Eun[ice] Cotyis, 590, 598

Eunones, 597, 598

Eupaterius, 532

Eupator (?), 603

Eupatoi, 605, 606, 608, 611, 633 ; coin of in “catacomb,”

319 ; inscr. of with tamga, 317 f. 227, 318 n. 1

Eupatoria, IX. 17, 490, 497; v. Cercinitis

Eupatoria (Ptol.) = Eupatorium, II.

Eupatorium, 496—498, 519

eviroala, 473

Euripides, 14, 544

Europa, 348, 425, 429

Europe, as defined by Herodotus, 31; Central, 260

Eusebius, dates in, 439, 458, 569

Euthydemus, 254

Euthymachos, 53

Eutropis, 610 n. 2

Euxine, early knowledge of, 436—439 ; size and shape, leaves, 420—422, 507 f. 339

Factories, 438, 439, 451, 515

Fair Haven, v. Calos Limen

Falcons, 222

Farghana, I. 11311. 3, 11411. 3, 121, 12911. 4

Father of the city, Cherson, 533, 542 ; Olbia, 472

Fauna of Steppe, 5, 6, 105 ; of Scythic and Siberian art, 268

Fauns, 331

Faustina, coins of, 187

Fedulovo, 173 n. 3, 403

Feldstein’s “Catacomb,” 318

Felitsyn, E. D., 216

Fibula, 126, 215 n. i, 259, 260, 383 f. 284, 507 f. 339 Fica, 398 n. 11

Figurines, Greek v. terra-cotta; Tripolje, 134—142 ff. 3°, 33, L34 Add. ; cf. 370 n. 3

Fikeilura, 338 n. 8

Files, carried by Tartars, 73

Filow, B., 525 11. i

Finance, Bosporan, 612, 613; Chersonesan, 541, 542 and Add.; Olbian, 471—475, director, 462, 472, 474..

Finno-Ugrians, 48 n. 1, 99, 252; tartarized, 94, 252

Finns, 46, 47, 103—106, 175, 252, 257, 258,406, 429; river names, 103

Fiolente, Cape, IX. 18

Fish, 6, 7, 21 ; eaters of, 111 ; trade in, 440, 575 :

coins shaped like, 415, 416, 453, 483—485; flat­type, 453; coloured glass, 362 n. 2 ; gold plates, 1846 77, 236, 2386 146, 264:

hooks, 415 ; plates for, 347

Flagon, 384

Flavia Domitilla, 530

Flavius Sergianus Sosibius, 525

Flavius Vitus, 532

Fleet, Bosporan, 575, 592, 593, 604, 606, 608, 614 ; Byzantine, 532 ; Roman, 523, 525, 587, 588, 59.8

Fligier, L., on Altaic element in Sarmatae, 47, 99 11. 5

Flint implements, 130—134, 137, 142 ; as amulet, 64, 236, 398 n. i 1

Flora, 7

Flute, 430; -players, 320, 331, 335, 396!. 290, 424 f. 314, 626

Fly-bead, 399, 427 f. 318

Fontan Island, 111. 21, 613

Fontenay, E., 386 n. 7 sqq.

Food of Scythians, 49; Turks, 95

Foreigners, in Scythia, 444 ; in Bosporus, 627 ; in Chersonese, 524 ; in Olbia, 470

Forest, boundary of, 3, 27, Map I. shading

Forgery, 254, 257 11. i, 283, 420, 486 Add., 603 n. 4 Forts (τάχη), 498, 516 520

Fortune, 310, 311 f. 222; cf. Tyche

Forty days before wake, 88, 91, 106

Foundations, banded, 452, 454, 457

Founders, 464

Founding of Colonies, 439, 453, 45S, 515 and Add., 569,. ⁵⁷⁰

Fountain, 455, 561, 566, 569, 598

Francois Vase, 53, 54 f. 8

Franke, O., on Central Xsian nomads, 47 11. 5, 91 94 Frankincense, 84, 87

Franko, Dr I., 531, 533 n. to, 534 n. 1

Freezing of sea, 4, 6, v. ice

French work for Mongols, 252

Frescoes, Byzantine, 509, 512, 514 ; Karagodenashkh, 216, 219; at Kerch, xxxii, 307—321 fl. 220—231; Bliznitsa, 423 ff. 312, 313

Fressl, J., on Scyths, 99 n. 1

Fringe, 229,

Friedlander, G., 492

Froehner, XV., 38611. tosqq.

Frog-beads, 399, 427 f. 318

Frontlets, 62, 392, v. diadems; horses (b 313 iK0t Xoyotk'ri/s, 543

Genichesk, IX. 16, 20, 592 n. 4

Genitive in -er, 352, 384, 434 n. 1 ; in -cos, -ou or -ous, 577 n. 12, 580; in -w, 625 n. 17

Genoese, 443, 446, 494, 539, 556 559

Gentiles, 622

Geography, 1 34

Geometric vase, 338, 451 n. 2

George, S., Icon of, 514 ; Monastery of, 510

Georgi Scythae, IX. (cf. Agricultural) 15, 27 31 Georgian annals, 41

Gepaepyris, 590, 596, 597, 601, 604, 611, 630

Gepidae, 126

Geremes, Round Barrow (1 leremesse), IX. 142, 151, 269; copper spear head, 68

Twin, 152

Germans, 120, 124—127; akin to Scyths, 98; beast­style, 259; relations with Kelts and Slavs, 103, 124; work for Mongols, 252

Gernet, 1.., corn-trade, 443 n. 1

Gerrhi (tribe), 87

Gerrhus (land), IX. 17, 29, 31; Barrows in, 29. 150

'73,.

Gerrhus (river), IX. 11, 17, 27, 31; Hows into

Macotis, 30

Gerusa, II. 579 n. 1

Geta, 446, 469, 478, 486

Gctae, 36, 38, zoz, 118, 120, Z4>’ /-’/, 447, 457 459, 464, 487; as slaves, 440; desert of, 116, 120

Gibbon on nomads, 93 n. 2

Gilding, on vases, 342 sqq.

Giel, Ch. xxx., 449, 593 11. 1, 608, 609, 628, 629, 638

Giles, Prof. II. A., 92 n. 1,3, 121 n. 8, 1290 4, 246 n. 3

Gimirrai (Cimmerii), 42

Girl bathing, 340 f. 245 ; playing, 368

Gjolbashi, 285, 287

Gladiators, 314, 353 n. 3

l'XaKToayoi, 49, 50 n. 1

Class, 362 f. 264 and Add., 428:

draughts, 335; engraved, 208 f. 106; eyes to Ionic capitals, 205 f. 104, 330, 331 ; in Scythic tombs, 82, 215, 224, 229—232; mounted in gold, 215; Italian, 446, 515 ; millefiori, 420; red, sham garnets, 282 Glaucus, 361

Glaze, metallic, 354—357, 368, 420

Glimshchc, near Kerch, III., v. 562 f. 344 ; Christian tombs at, 610 ; coffin from, 332 ; metrical epitaphs, 627; sculptures, 298:

Oueen’s tomb at, 423, 433—433 ff· 3²5—328 ; bottle from, 235, 280, 409, 433, 434 f. 326; bracelet, 409, 433, 434 f. 327 ; bronzes, 434 ; crown, 390 and Add.; harness, 409, 435 f. 328; mask, 390, 433 ; plate, 384, 434 ; ring, 410, 434 f. 325 ; silver dish, 280, 3⁸4> 433’ 434 f· 32?

Glycaria Asandri, 560, 56/, 590, 591, 627 Glycarion and Polysthcnes, stele of, 304

Gmelin, J., Buriat cooking, 80 n. 7 ; Siberian graves, 97 11. 1

Gnathia, 349, 370

Gnurus, Sc. king, 116

Goat, v. ibex, 5; represented, 162 f. 50, 163 f. 51, 171, 172 ff. 65, 68, 229, 429 f. 320; goddess upon, 346

Goat-footed men, 109; -herd, 386

Gobryas, 95

Goddess, in calathos, v. calathos : Great, 619; Scythic, 83, 218 Add.; winged, 154^40, 171, 266

Gods, Scythian, 83 and Add., 86

Goertz, K. K. on Taman peninsula, xxx, 21 n. 5, 566

Goetosyrus (Apollo), 85, 86

Gold, not found in Scythia, 7; but perhaps in Tran­sylvania, the Urals and Altai, 7, 113; most of it imported, 440, 441, 631 :

characteristic material of Sc. and Turkish art, 269 ; cups put in graves, 88, 89; frontlets (q.v.), 62; plaques, 57, 62, v. plates; sacred objects of, 43 ; stories of, 441 ; strips (q.v.), 62 ; worn by nomads, 62, 94, 281 ; temple-ornaments (q.v.), 62; Work in, Greek, 283—287, 386 sqq.

coinage, 448, 459—463, 485, 522, 549, 584, 629, 631, 632

“Gold Coast,” 441

Golden Barrow (Kerch), IX. 194, 195 Goldwork, Greek, 386—410

Golubinskaja Stanitsa (Don Cossacks), armlets, 63, 64 f. 15

Golubinskij, E. E., xxx, 535 11. 1, 538 n. 1

Goluchbw Jewelry, 386 n. 10 sqq.

Gomer (Cimmerii), 42

Gontsy (Poltava) palaeolithic finds, 130

Goose, 173

Gordas, 610

Gordian, 523 ; coins of, 187, 253; indication, 385, 390 n. 6

Gorget, 210, 213 f. 1’14

Gorgippia (Anapa), IX. 22, 24, 128, 295, 443, 566, 570, 573> 574’ 594> 598 nn. 4, 7, 607, 614, 616, 617, 619, 626 :

coins, 629, 632; Demos of, 598 n. 7, 613; names from, not Iranian, 37, 127; Prefect of, 613, 625; religious societies, 621, 623—625

Gorgippus Paerisadis, 573, 575, 578, 583

Gorgippus Satyri, 573, 578, 583

Gorgon, 173, 374, 375 f. 278, 413, 427 f. 318:

-mask, 157, 161, 168 f. 59, 184 f. 77, 187, 197 f. 90, 204 f. 99, 208 f. 106, 210, 213 f. 1 14, 216, 224, 265, 266, 269, 283, 291, 295, 315, 332, 348 f. 253, 367. 372 f· 274> 379’ 3⁸4> 39°’ 4°i f· 294. 4°6 n. 6, 4’4’ 453’ 479’ 484’ 486

Gorobinets (near Darievka IX.), 348

Gorodishche, refuge camps not towns, 5211.3, 10511.4,

>47-, 175 _a

Gorodtsov, V. A., xxx ; account of Belsk, 147 ; on axes,

72 n. 13, 131 n. 5

Gorytus (Scythic bow-case and quiver in one), 53, 60, 61 f. 13, 66, 67 f. 17, 164 f. 53, 165, 197 f. 90, 201 f. 94, 220, 221 ff. 124, 125, 222, 284—287 Add., 301 f. 213, 313 f. 223, 485, 506 n. 9, 507 f. 339

Goszkewicz, V. I., xxviii, xxx; on red skeletons, 145 Gothia, see of, 539

“Gothic” style in jewels, 222, 235, 259, 260, 280—

2S2, 384, 387; marks, 31811. 1

Goths, 126—123, 448, 569, 608—610:

called Scythians, 119, 526, 608; conquered by Huns, 122; Crimean, 12711.2, 533, 539; destroy Olbia, 47°

Gouge, 242 f. 150

Gourd, beads, 399 Graces, 378

Graeco-Bactrians, 92, 122, 129 n. 4; bowl, 351 11. 7 Graeco-Roman art, 235, 257, 280—282 ; v. Rome Graef, F., on Scythian prudery, 284 n. 5

Graffiti·, on pots, 361, n. 10, 480, 545, 546, 556, 558, 616—619

7paMM^ar£t'^s’ 446> 47²> 540—542,612, 621, 623, 624, v. Secretary

Granulated triangles, 186 f. 79, 191 f. 83, 208 f. 160 ; cf. wolf’s teeth

Grapes, bunch, 331, 398—401 f. 294, 409, 424 f. 314,

427 f. 318, 561

Grass, 3, 7

Graves, v. tombs, without barrows, 145, 187, 192 ; Siberian with stones, 241—247; richness of in S. Russia, 294, 387; -stones, v. stelae; varieties at Olbia, 416, 417 ff. 302—307; Chersonese, 421; Bosporus, 422—435; vaults, v. “catacombs”

Great Vii, 91

Greaves, 34, 161, 182, 196, 202, 379, 506 n. 9, 507 ^f· 339.

Greece, little jewelry from, 387

Greek :

exploration, 436—438: influence on China, 92; on Scyths, 84: Chinese, Indian and Persian for, 129 n. 4: language on the Bosporus, 319, 625 : merchants, 283, 284: work for Scythian market, 283—291 and Add. to 287 Greeks, in the interior of Scythia, 105, 169, 284, 289, 290, 441 ; against Persians, 286

Green, F. W., 338, 412

Greenwell, Canon, his axe from Kerch, 41 and Add. ;

Cyzicus staters, 284 Gregory Nazianzen, 622 Griffins, 40, 586 11, 77, 78, 113, 151, 1551.42, 157—

161 ff. 44—47, 166 f. 55, 167, 168 f. 57, 177, 178 f. 73’ ¹79> *8· h 75> ⁱ⁸4> '85 ff· 77’ 78» 187, 191 f. 83, 197 f. 90—199 f. 92, 201 f. 95, 203 f. 98, 208 f. 106, 21 if. in, 215, 218 f. 120, 219 f. 122, 228, 254—258 ff. 175—177, 180, 181, 260, 264, 268, 269, 275 f. 196, 276 f. 198, 279 f. 205, 283, 284, 285 f. 206 —288, 291, 298, 343 f. 249, 374, 391—393, 398, 401 f. 294, 403, 411 f. 298, 424, 425 ff. 314, 315, 458; head, 208 f. 106, 222, 393, 427 f. 318, 428: symbolic meaning of, 78: sea-griffin, 427 f. 318, 428 : coins, 547, 629—631

Grivna, 538

Grod, 610

Gromovka, IX. 259 n. 2

Groom, buried with King, 88, 153, 165, 196, 202; wears neck-rings, 63, 165

Gross, F. I., 306, 636 Grote on Scyths, 98 n. 4 Grotesques, 369, 415, 428

Grundy, Dr, 443 n. i, 499 n. 1

Griishevka, IX. 177 f. 72; earring, 393 n. 5; whet­stone, 73

Guilloche, 288, 458

Guljaj Gorod, IX. 174 f. 70, /75; hairpins from, 41 γοϊφά^χο?, 441 n. 2

Gurzuf, IX. Gothic cemetery, 127 n. 2, 282 n. 2 Guthrie, M., 23911. 1, 494

Gutschmid, A. von, 98 nn. 1,.12

Gycia, 521 n. 4, 526 n. 5, 527—530, 546

Gyges (Gugu), 42

Gylon, 561, 572, 574

Gymnasiarch, 465, 54 1, 545, 613, 626; society, 623, 624 Gymnasium, 468, 566

Iladaczek, F., 236, 265, 266 n. 1, 386 n. 8 sqq.

Hadra vases, 351, 353

Hadrian, 449, 470, 524 n. 1, 605

Hadzhibdy on Sea of Azov (long. 36' 30°), 20 lladzhibey Liman, IX. 14

Iladzhi Gol (5 in. sw. of Olbia), 454

Iladzhi Mushkai, III. 434 η. i; earrings, 396 f. 290; hydria, 380 f· 283 ; necklace, 408

1 laggis, 80

άγιοι, 625

Hair-pin, 383 f. 284, 421

Halicarnassus, 542

Ilalmyris, IX. 12 n. 4, 13

Ilallstatt, 259, 441 n. t; culture recalls Koban, 40; unrepresented in Steppes, 40, 41 ; swords not like Scythic, 70

Halys, R., I. 8

Hampel, J., 259 η. i, 28211.2; on mirrors, 6511. 1; swords, 69, 70 n. 10; bunchuki, 78; cauldrons, 80 n. 5

Ilamun, L., 112

Han Dynasty, 280; annals, 113, 121, 122; capitals, 114 n. 3 ; coins, 253, 273

Hare, 186 f. 79, 203^98, 211 f. 112, 268; hunt, 49, 197 f. 90, 204 1> f. 103

Harfatha, 124

Harmodius, 560, 561

Harness, 74—77, 409, v. horse-trappings; with lanigi, 317 f· 227, 318 n. 1, 433—435 f· 328

Harpii, II. 124

Harpis, II. 14, 124

Harpocrates, 618

Harpoxais, 43

Harrison, Miss J. E., 304 n. 3, 341

Hartwig, F., 53—55 ; on Agathyrsi, 55, 102

Ilathor, head-dress, 404, 405, 431 f. 321

Hauser, F., 179, 283, 284

Hausmann, R., fibulae, 126 η. 2, 259 n. 3

Hayton, 95

Headdress, Egyptian, 404, 431 f. 321 ; Scythic, 57, 58, 61 ; Besleneevskaja tiara, 58 f. 11 ; Karagodeuashkh, 216—219 ff. 120, 122 ; Kul Oba, king’s, 202 f. 96; queen’s, 62; Pantacapaeum pilos, 58, 391 f. 287; Sinjavka, 58, 192 f. 84 ; women’s, 61, 62

Head-shaped vases, 346

Hearth, veneration of, among Scyths, 85, 87

Heat in summer, mostly not recognised, 5

Heathcote, Major, on bows, 66 n. to

Heavy ornaments used by Scythians and colonists, 291

Hecataeus, 120, 490, 491, 634 ; ill defined conception of Scyths, 35

Hecataeus Sindus, 573, 632

Hecate, 16, 414 k 301, 479, 546, 619; Chthonia, 620 ϊκατώρυ-γοί, 517

Hedgehog, 339, 346

Hedin, S., 114 n. 3

ΗΔΥΠΟΤΟ J, 361

Heikel, A., West Siberia, 94 n. 3, 252

Helen, 481

M,

Helios, 384, 390, 477, 516, 545, 602, 603, 616, 6’1 Hellenes. Hcllenarch, 615, 625

Hellenistic, bronzes, 378—381; buildings, 454 458; gems, 414 ; jewelry, 403 409; kingdoms, 289, 563; plate, 383 385, ₄₁o 434 (T. 321, 325; pots,

349—353; “relief,” 386; terracottas, 364 368; work, in Scythic tombs, 155, 2:4, 232, 287 Aid., 289, 290; badly copied by Scythians, 269, 282

Helmet, 74, 187, 196, 215, 222, 364, 379, 429, 50611.9, 507 f. 339 ; on coin, 630 n. 4

Hemp, 7; fumes as narcotic, 84 Heniochi, 11. 24, 128, 579, 588, 598

Hera, 204 A f. 100, 328, 355, 361 ; Soteira, 608, 616 Heraclea CherronesHs, 493 n. 1

Heraclea Pontica, I. 8, 493, 496, 515, 516, 518, 521, 524, 546, 547, 556, 574, 576, 587, 627 ; man of, 560 :

coins, 491, 547, 559, 632 ; indications, 390

Heracles (Hercules), 168 f. 58, 341, 364, 367, 430, 462, 477, 480, 485, 546, 617:

ancestor of Scythians, 43; = Mtnrot, 86; of liosporan kings, 597, 600, 604, 606, 617, 633:

club, 396 f. 290, 398, 409, 514; head, 168 f. 58, 290, 586 ; herni, 297 ; and Omphale, 365 f. 265 ; strangling lion, 157, 158 f. 45; club and bow, 180;

on coins, 480, 485, 491, 492, 546 549, 559, 586, 597, 600, 602, 603, 606, 616, 617, 633

Heracleum (C. Zjuk (?) IX.), 21, 621 Heracleus (month), 546

Heraclidas, Rhisthae, 517; Parmenontis, 542 ripeav, 301 (iepees), v. priest

Herni, 297 f. 209, 330, 367, 388 f. 285, 390, 602 n. 1 1 lennaea, 626

Hermes, cults and dedications, 196, 477, 478, 545, 546, 616 ; Agoraeus, 473, 475, 477 ; Anthesterius, 477 ; Arcius, 477; Chthonius, 620:

representations, 204 l> f. 103, 297 if. 209, 210, 298, 310, 311, 319 — 321 f. 231, 330, 355, 366, 367 f. 267, 381, 383; with Calypso, 309, 310; Criophoros, 210, 378: ’ ’

coins 447, 448, 486, 487, 602 Ilermisium, HI. 20

1 lermitage, xxxvi : coins, 661 ; Siberian collection, 253,

271 — 282 Hermon, 570 Hermon, Bp of Jerusalem, 531 Hermonactis vicus, IX. 13 Hernionassa, HI. 23, 24, 570, 627 Hero, 516; Chthonian, 620; cult of, 319, 480, 481, 544,

620

Herod Agrippa, 523, 598

Herodotus, on Euxine, 113 11. 3

Ice, 4, 6, 556, 572, 574, 587, 617

Iconoclasts, 533

Icons, 514, 53.8

Idanthyrsus, Sc. king, 116

•«or, 534

Hi, R., I. 121

Ilin Persis, 126, 286

Iljinskoe= Parutino, IX. 15, v. Olbia Iljintsy, Gorytus from, 67, 287 and Add.

Imans Mons, VI. 114 n. 3

Imhoof-Blumer, F., 492, 583—585, 603, 609, 630 n. 4 Impotence of Scyths and Nogais, 45

Inachii, 598 Incense-burners(?), 143 n. 5 Incrusted jewelry, v. inlay

Incuse-square, 487, 559, 628, 630, 631 India, I. 92, 121 n. 8

Indications, 283, 333, 336, 385, 388 f. 285, 790, 434 n. 1, 602 n. 1

Indiction, 521

Indo-Scyths, 92, 100, 105, 122 Ingiil, R. IX., 11, 17

Ingulets, R., IX. 11, 15, 17, 29

Ininsimcus (Inismeus), king over Olbia, 119, 467, 469, 473. 4«7

Ininthimeus, 487, 569, 608, 611, 632 ; inscr. with tamga, 318 n. I, 608

Inkerman, VIII. 494—497, 539; cave churches at, 295, 513 n. 2; Milesian sherds from, 339 11. 14

Inlay, jewelry, 222, 223, 234 f. 143, 235, 254, 255— 257 IT. 175—177, 27/—282 IT. 187—189, 191—196, 198—205; wood, p. 214 f. 115, 322—324, 329—331, 334· 4^4 f,3"4

Inostrantsev, K., 122 n. 6, 131 Inscriptions, early, 447, 458, 556, 560, 626; wandering, 446, 481, 524 n. 7

Institutions, Bosporus, 612—615; Chersonese, 540—543; Olbia, 471—475; Tyras, 446

Interpreters, 109, 613 n. 12, 614 Intruded interments, 142, 143, 151, 157, 168, 177 f. 72, 228—230 f. 131

Inviolability of Argippaei, 109 lOKA^TH, 212 f. 113, 336 l]oAEA2C, 212 f. 113, 336 Ionian style, early, 222, 236, 260—270, 266 Add., 281, 282, 296, 299, 336, 375 f. 278, 376 if. 279, 280, 378, 394· 395· 4°O' 411 f· 298, 413, 427 f. 318, 490: lion-heads, 78, 177, 193 f. 85, 263, 266:

vases, 147, 338, 339 and Add., 415, 441, 451 —453, 515 Add., 564 n. 3 :

later, 283—291, 287 Add., 394, 403, 427 f. 318 lonians, colonies, 24, 569, 570 (v. Miletus); conduct on Danube, 117; type of survived at Olbia, 467 Ionic, dialect, 336, 360, 361, 383, 466; order, 205 f. 104, 295· 3°°· 3*4· 330—333 ^ff· *4«· 242, 375. 456, 506 Iphigenia, 481, 543; flight of, 356 Iranian, art, 263, 270, 271, 280—282, 387, 404 ; influ­enced China, 280:

design, in neck and arm-rings, 63, 254, 256, 271 f. 187, 272 f. 188', 289; in gems, &c., 193 f. 85, 208 f. 106, 410—412 f. 298; in dishes, 213 f. 114, 215; work in hilt, 163 f. 51 ; sheath, 255 f. 173:

ideas of kingship, 218 Add. :

loan words in Slavonic, 38; in Finnish, 104

Haitians, in Scythia, 36—39, 102, 115; akin to Scyths, 98 n. 8; names in Greek Inscrr., 37, 38, 320, 471, 482, 484, 555, 609 ; disappearance of, 43 ; pantheon, 85 ; under Kushanas, &c., 92 ; N. of Caspian, (07 ; Massagetae, in, 112; type of, 44 Add. f. o Ireland, beast style, 282

Irkeshtam, I. 114 n. 3

Iron Age, in Siberia, 241, 248—253

Iron linger-ring, 430

Irtysh, R., I. 107, 10S, 241, 253

Isaac Coinnenus, inscr. App. 24, p. 501, 532

Isadiei, 129

Isakcha, IX. 11, 12

[saurian Dynasty, 533

Iseo lake dwelling, 246 n. 2

Ishim, R., 1. 107, 253

‘Ishtar, 617

Isiacorum Portus, IX. 13, 14

Isis, 310, 404, 405, 446, 468 Add., 606 11. 10, 618

Is-ku-za-ai (Scyths), 42

“Island,’’ prefect of the, 318, 613

Isocrates, 573

Issedon, Scythica, Serica, I. VI. tn, 114 11.3

Issedones, I. 44, 108—z/o, /// ns, 121, 441 1ST, 484

Ister, v. Danube

Istrianorum I’ortus, IX. 14, 484

Istropolis (Istrus), 12, 11.8, 126, 446 n. 7, 448 n. 1, 464, 470, 477; foundation of, 439, 569:

coin type, 360, 394, 484

Italian tomb robbing, 154 n. 1

Italy, exports from, 444: bronze, 381; crown, 388; glass, 362; jewelry, 386, 387, 400 11. 1, 404; vases, 347· 349· 353

vases exported to, 341, 352

Ivancha, IX. 12

Ivory, carved, engraved and inlaid, 330, 33/, 333, 424 f. 314 ; statuette, 334:

in Scythic tombs, 78, 157, 161, 193 f. 85, 202, 204 205 ff. 100—104, 210, 330:

Ephesus, 260 f. 182 his, 263; Nimrud, 263; Spartan, 263

Ivy-pattern, 392 f. 289

l.xibatae (Ixomatae), 120, 121, 573

lyrcae, I. 107, 113 n. 3, 277

I-yu-kuo-chih, descr. and pictures of nomads, 9s, 96, f. 27, 97

Izmailovo, sword, 70 fade, 114 n. 3, 280

jajyk (Ural R.), 122

Jakimovich, Μ. K., 134 n. 1

Jakunchikov, B. Μ., 491, 492, 559, 661

Jakuts, horses stuffed, 91

Jalta, IX., find near, 523 n. 7, 549

James, S., church of, 535

Janchekrak, IX. 171 ; phalerae from, 76 n. 1, 403 Janiform head, 545, 548

Jandvskij Lake, III. 22

Janus, 362 n. 4

Japanese work compared to Greek, 413

Jarmolintsy, IX., model axe, 72, 178 f- 73

Jaroslavskaja Stanitsa, IX. 80 n. 5, 385

Jdsenskaja Kosa, IX. 21

Jason, 436, 437

Jasy. 37

Jaxartes (Araxes?), 1- 30, in, 113 11.3, 122 feisk, IX. 2i jeja, R., IX. 2i

Jelabuga, I. 257

Jenikale, III. 20, 22, 23

Jenisei, R- I., 239, 244; bits from, 75; civilization.

97, 108, 241 — 253, 261 ; plate, 287 n. 2 ; tribes,

94 erusalem, 531 ieremiah describes Scyths, 42 n. 3 ewelry, 386—410 ewels (precious stones), 387 ; fashion

modifications to suit, 395

for, 404—409;

88- 2

Jews, 494, 535, 598 n. 4, 615, 620—622, 627

Joachim of Novgorod, 538

Johns, C. II. W., 410 n. 12

Joinery, 333—335 _r,.

Joinville, on oath of P. de Toney, 87 ; funeral of a Cuman, 91

Jolygh Tigin, 90

Juba, II. 599 n. 7, 603

Jubainville, II. d’Arbois de, 98 n. 14, 113 n. 3 Judina, 244!. 152

Jug, 152 ; bronze, 380, 381 ; copper, 219, 231 ; earthen glazed. 356 f. 262 ; silver, 383—385

Jugra, I. 107

Jukharin’s Ravine, VIII. 502, 508

Julia Maesa, 298

Julian Imp., 609

Julius Aquila, 597, 598

Julius Sambion, 625 Julius Valens, 525 n. 1 Jupiter, 545, 546; Capilolinus, 605, painted red, 143 Jurgiewicz, W., 100, 449, 543 n. 5

Jurjeva Gori, IX., neolithic finds, 132

Jurta, 52

Justice at Chersonese, 517; of nomads, 94, 109

Justin I., 610

Justin II., 470 n. 8, 543

Justinian I. builds walls at Chersonese, 506, 532 ; and Bosporus, 609, 610 ; shield with figure of, 320

Justinian II., 506, 508, 532, 533, 542, 610 n. 8

Juz Oba III., 422 n. 4, 562 f. 343 ; coffin, 322. 323 f. 233 ; earrings and gems, 374, 411 f. 298, 413 f. 299. 427 f. 318; lecane, 342 f. 248; serpent-ring, 66 n. 7, 3²3, 414, 427 ^f· 3i8

Kabadian (near Khulm I.), 254

Kachik, IX. 20

Kadikoj, VIII. 495

Kadphises, 47 ; coin of found near Perm, 105 Kagarlyk, IX. 381

Kalanchak, R., IX. 17, 29 Kalendar, 447, 472, 546, 591 Kalgan, 92

Kalisz, bone implements, 130 Kal'mius, R., IX. 30

Kalmucks, horses, 49; migration of, 103 n. 7, 107; wooden saucers, 82

Kalnik, IX. 176 f. 71

Kama, R. I., 27, 104, 113 n. 3, 257 ; basin of, swords from, 70, 258 f. 179

Kamares ware, 141

Kamenka, IX., dagger from, 70, 189 f. 81 Kamemiya Baby, 239 f. 149, 240

Kanev, IX., “areas” near, 140; crater, 348; psalia, 76 ; standard, 186 f. 79

K'ang-kii (nomads N. of Sogdiana), I. 121

Kanishka, 47 Kan-su, I. 92 Kao-ch‘e (Uigurs, q.v.), I. 92, 93, 114 n. 3 K'ao-kii-t'11, 280 n. 4

Karacharovo (Murom I.), palaeolithic finds, 130

Karagodeuashkh Barrow, IX. 88, 216—221 ff. 119—125, Sindic, 127; chambers, 216; frescoes, 216, 307: man’s, bowl, 351 ; car, 75, 216; cylix, 81 n. 4, 221, 383; gorytus, 67, 220, 221 if. 124, 125, 286; plate, 383; quiver tip, 68, 219 f. 123, 267; rhyta, 219 f. 121 and Add., 221, 290, 383; sword, 70, 221; torques, 217 f. 119, 221, 289; whetstone, 73, 221 : woman’s, bracelets, 63, 217 f. 119, 291 ; earrings, 62, 217 f. 119, 393, 395 ; headdress, 61, 218 f. 120 and Add., 269, 277, 283; necklaces, 63, 217 f. 119, 291, 399, 400; torques, 63, 216 ; rings, 64, 216; roundel, 217 f. 119, 406

Karaim, 494, 622 n. 1

Kara Kalpaks, name, 104

Kara Kitans, type of, 46, 96 f. 27

Karakorum, capital of Mongols, I. 52

Karan, coin find, VIII. 548

Karasu, 17

Karasubazar, IX., Church at, 513 n. 2

Kareisha, D. V., 309, 331, 333, 636

Kash, jade, 114 n. 3

Kashgar, I. 114 n. 3 καζάγουσα, 368

Katanda R., I. tomb upon, 60, 248, 230

Katerles, III. v. 562 f. 344; cup from, 81; tomb at, 315

Katunja R., I. 248 KAV, v. Cau-

Kayuk, 92, 121

Kazan, I., site of, 104; neolithic finds, 132 Kazanskaja, 232 n. 4, 277 n. 2 ; red skeletons, 143 Kaz Aid, III. 20 κίδμον, 481 n. 6

Kekule von Stradonitz, R., 345 n. 1

Kelermes, IX., Barrow, red skeleton, 143 :

Scythic, 172 n. 1, 222, 223·, horse grave, 222;

axe, 73, 222 ; bone knops from, 77 η. i, 223; bunchuki,

78, 223; diadems, 222 ; shield, 73, 222, 281:

Assyrian style of axe, dagger and sheath, 42, 71, 222, 263, 270

Kelts, 40, 123—126, 259, 460—463; mercenaries, 586, 589; near Carpathians, 103; not Cimmerians, 40, 146; not Tauri, 101 ; raids upon Greece, 40; coin of, from Crimea, 126; art of, 282

Kerch (v. Panticapaeum), III. 20, 562—566 ff. 343—345: axe from, 41 ; bar at, 4, 559; bow-case, 67 f. 17 ;

“catacombs,” 307—321; church, 564; cups, round- bottomed, 287 ; museum, destroyed, 564, directors of, 636 ; roundlet from, 195 f. 88,· Scythic tombs near, 194—206; sword from, 70 n. 3 ; terra-cotta, 56 f. 10; vase from, 81; waggons from, 50 f. 5, 51 f. 6, 370 and Add.

Kermenchik, 119, 463

Keszthely, 47

Khalepje, IX., areas, 142; pottery, »381.32 Khalkas, I. 113

Khan (Khaganj, 90, 93, 95, 532, 533 Khanenko, B. I., xxx, 175 n. 1 sqq., 187 Khar'kov, IX. government of 31; earthworks, 146;

Sc. finds in, 173

Khasas, 114 n. 3

Khatazhukaevskij Aril (Kuban), cauldron, 79 f. 22, 80 n. 5 ; ewer, 380

Khazars, 105 11.3, 532— 535, 539, 543, 610, 622 n. 1 ; natural boundaries, 27; swords, 116 n. 3

Kherkheulidzev’s works, 396 f. 290, 562 f. 344 Kherson, IX., bar at, 4; bad name and bad situation, 29, 455 ; trade of, 444 ; mirror found near, 375— 377 f· ²79 > museum, xxviii, xxxvi, 661 :

government of, 31 ; palaeolithic finds in, 131 ; red skeletons in, 145 ; Tripolje areas in, 133

Kholodnyj Jar, cylinder from, 64, 193 f. 85, 270, 412 Khorvate, 124

Khotan, I. no n. 3, 114 n. 3

Khulm, I. 254

K‘iang (Tibetans), I. no n. 3

Kibaltchitch, T. de, 410

Kiepert, II., 34, 45 n. 2

Kieseritzky, G. von, 232, 253, 281, 287, 345 n. 1, 393, 636 ; on grave stelae, 295 n. 9, 299

Kiev, IX. 105; amber found near, 7; neolithic finds at, 132, 140; palaeolithic, 131; Chersonian influence upon, 514, Christianity at, Vladimir and, 534— 538 :

government of, 31; cist-graves, 145 ; coloured skeletons, 142, 145; earthworks, 146; Scythic tombs, 150, 174—193; Greek things found in, 270, 339> 349> 44¹; Tripolje areas, 133—142

Kikcneis C., IX. 19

Kilia, mouth of Danube, IX. 11—13

K‘i-lien, 92

Kiln, 360, 364, 506; S. Capito’s, 510

Ki/q3f/>X’un-wu (steel?), 91

Kur, R. (Cyrus), 1. 30

Kurdzhips Barrow, IX. 22J, 224, 269:

clasp, 224 f. 127, 402; glass, 362 :

Gold Cap, 223 f. 126, figures on, 57 n. 1, illustrate Her. IV. c. 64, 83:

lion, 408; roundel, 223 f. 126, 277 n. 2, 406 η. 2 Kurgan = barrow, 145, 152

Kurruk Tagh, I. 114 n. 3

Kushana, I. 47, 92, 93, 122; coins, marks on, 317 n. 1

Kuun, Geza, on Scyths, 99 n. 7

Kuznetsy Tartars, 1. 252

Laager, 51, 578

Lacritus, 441, 442

Ladies, 368

Ladle, 383, 384

Ladoga, L., palaeolithic finds near, 131

Ladozhskaja, IX., high-handled cup, 82 n. 1 ; roundel, 277 n. 2

Laestrygones, 18, 436, 437

Lakes, provided as river-sources, 28

Lamachus, 528—530

La Madeleine period, 131

Lamp, 221, 232, 353 n. 3, JJ.?, 361, 378, 381, 415, 430, 453, 569; plunderers’, 165 and Add.

Lampadedromia, 392

Lampas (Lampat), IX. 19

Lance, v. spear

Land-distribution, 517

Language, of Scyths and Sarmatae, 39, 100; many spoken in Caucasus and at Kerch, 25

Lapis Lazuli, 271, 278

Lappo-Danilevskij, A., xxxi, 34; summary of Scythian customs, 48, 99 n. 4; refers Sindi to Scythians, 127; classification of Sc. tombs, 151 ; on Karagodeuashkh, 216 ; on Kamennya Baby, 240

Lapps, 106

Larissa, barrows near, 435 n. 1

Lasso, among Sarmatae, 73, 288

La Time objects in Russia, 125 n. 3, 126, 187, 259

Latyshev, V. V., xxxi, 449, 488, 552, 580—582, 636 ; Bosporus, late, 610 n. 11; Cherson SS. 531 n. 3; Chersonese constitution, 540 n. 1; Heuresibius inscr., 420; Maeotian tribes, 128; on kings of Olbia, 119 ; Olbia, 451

Lavrov, P., xxxi, 531, nn. I, 3, 533 n. 10

Lazi, I. 24, 526

Lead-castings, 374

Leather, 390

Lecane, 340—342 ff. 246—248, 347

Lecythi, 343, 348

Lecoq, Dr A. von, 100

Leech earring, 191 f. 83, 208 f. 106, 395 and Add.

Legate, of Moesia, 446, 447, 469, 523—525; of Tanais, 615, 625

Legends of Scythians’ origin, 43, 44

Legio, I. Italica, 5230. 1, 525; V. Macedonica, 523 n. 2;

XL Claudia, 470, 525 n. 1, 526 n. 3, cf. 614 Lemeshova Mogila, 168 Add.

Lenz, E., on armour, 74 n. 6

Leo Aliatus, 532

Leo Diaconus, 535 n. I, 536

Leo VI. Imp., 534, 538

Leontiev, P., 567, 620 n. 5

Leopard-heads, 204 f. 99, 265

Leptines, 557, 574, 575

Lesbian cauldrons, 80 ; cymation, 287 Add., 383 f. 284, 385, 424 f. 314

Lesgians, 24

Letter, 466 f. 332

Lettering, 447, 463 n. 1, 561, App. 67, 68, 69 Leucanor, 582

Leuce Ins. 14, 15, 452, 453; Achilles at, 361, 463, 480, 481 ; graffiti, 361 ; pots from, 340

Leucippides, rape of, 204, 204 C f. 102, 305 n. 5, 330

Leucon L, 20, 555—557, 571—578, 583, 626; his sons, 296

Leucon IL, 581, 583; coin, 66, 559, 584, 586, 617, 620, 627—629

Leucothea Chthonia, 620

Levitskij Collection, 338 n. 6 and Add., 452 n. 1

Liberty, Roman, granted to Chersonese, 521—524, 547, 55°

Libya, 343

Lieh Tse, 91 n. 3

Liman, 2, 4; common liman of Dnepr and Bugh, 15, 453 Linas, Ch. de, 253 n. 4, 282 n. 2

Lindner, F. L., 32, 33

Lion, 164 f. 53, 198, 199 ff. 91, 92, 203 f. 98, 212—214 ff. 113—115, ²34 ^ff· ^I39> '4°, 2.35, 237—239 ff· '45 —147, 255 f. 173 (hunt), 263 (Ephesus), 265, 268, 270 f. 186, 271, 272 ff. 188, 189, 191 :

curled round, 214 f. 115, 223 f. 126, 224, 230 f. 132, 234 ff· 14°—^r42, 255 f. 175, 274 f. 194, 277 n. 2:

on bottle, 409 ; gems, 411 f. 318; in plaster, 372 f· 275; on gold plates, 157, 158 f. 45, 177, 184 f. 77, 191 f. 83, 197 f. 90, 208 f. 106; ring, 410, 427 f. 318; in stone, 298, 299 f. 211, 317 f. 227 ; as vase, 346, 421 :

on coins, 547, 629, 631 :

lion-head, 173, 216, 288, 396—402 ff. 290, 293, 294, 405, 409, 430; in bone, 251 f. 172; in gold, on bracelets, 256 f. 177, 271 f. 187, 402; collar, 429 f. 320; earring, 398 f. 293, 409, 507 f. 339; frontlet, 169 f. 61; rhyton, 206; torques, 157, 158 f. 45, 161, 197 f. 90, 217 f. 119, 271 f. 187, 289, 405, 431 f. 321; in ivory, 78, 177, 193 f. 85, 263, 266:

head or scalp on coins, 549, 628—631, cf. Heracles: lion-mane like cape, 171 ff. 65, 67, 270 f. 186, 272 ff. 188, 189:

lion-tail ending in head of scorpion, 171 ff. 65, 67,

270 f. 186; of serpent, 208 f. 106, 215 n. 1 :

lion, winged, v. griffin

Lioness, bracelets, 402, 426 f. 317; combat, 403, 427 f. 318, 428

Lipoxais, 43

Lisiin tai Sangun, 90

Literature, Bosporan, 626, 627 ; Chersonesan, 546;

Olbian, 447, 465

Litoj Kirgan, 171

Litra, 475

Liu, Duke, 91

Livia, 593, 600, 630

Llangwynodl Bell, 282 λοχαγόϊ, 6l2—614, 625

Lock, 430, 515

Locri, 470

Loftus, 422 λόγων, ό ίττί των, 6l2 λογχωτοί ορμος, 399 ^η·

Longinus, Bp of Chersonese, 53¹

Longman, C. J., on bows, 66 n. 10 Loper, Dr R., 498 n. 2, 590 n. 1 Lop-nor, I.,-92, in, 114 11. 3

Lotus-pattern, 382

Lou-Ian, L, in, 114 11. 3

Lo-yang, 114 n. 3

Lucensium Coh., 525 n. 1

Lucian, 582, 592, 593, 605

Lucullus, 587

Lugovaja Mogila (v. Alexandropol), IX. 152 Luitprand, 537 n. 1

Luke, S., 514

Luschan, F. von, on bows, 66 n. 10

Lutsenko, E., 318, 430, 636 Lycanthropy of Neuri, 103 Lyceius (Month), 546

Lycian, 412

λύκοι, part of bit, 75 n. 4

λύχνον, 361

Lycomedes, 285—287 and Add.

Lycophron, 14

Lycus, Sc. king, 116

Lycus, R., 30, 107

Lydia under Cimmerii, 42

Lygdamis, Cimmerian leader, 42

Lynx, 332, 396 f. 290, 398, 406, 431 f. 321

Lyre, 304, 318, 351, 379 Add., 397, 399, 401, 626 Lysias 573

Lysimachus attacks Getae, 123, Callatis, 579:

coin of, 328, 351, 384, 388, 405, 410 n. 1, 4I4, 430, 433’ 459· 4«?;.‘y|’^{c of}> 44^s f·,P9 ^l"'^s> 5*4. 5*5 Lysimachus Psycharionis, 627

Lysippus, 297

Macan, R. W., on geogr. of Scythia, 26, 34 ; invasion of Dai ius, 116, 117

Macedonia, 384; barrows in, 435 n. 1; submits to Darius, 117; policy N. of Danube, 12, 118, 123; (Calendar, 591

Maces, of office (btinchtikt), ?S; war, 73

Maehares, 464, 521 n. 1, 587—590, 611

Mackinder, IL C., on nomad strategy, 83

McLean, N., on Ps. xc., 320

MacPherson, D., 282 n. 2, 298 sqq., 635

Macra, 17

Macrobius, 459

Macrocephali, 47 n. 4

Macrocremni Mts, 13

Macrones, 24

KI acropogones, 12 8

Madyes (Madys), 42, 116

Maecilius, M., 525 n. 1

Maenads, 210 n. 3, 340—341 f. 247, 346, 364, 386 n. 4, 393’ 397. 426, 427 f. 318; Neo-attic, 170, 179, 392 Maeonians, 567

Maeotae (Maitae), IX. 115, 121, 127, 12S, 567, 573, 577, 5*o, 598

Maeotis (sea of Azov), IX. 1, 120, 128; silting up, 3, 4 ; fish in. 6 ; size and shape of, p; rivers falling into, 11, 17, 30; coasts of, 21 ; confused with Caspian, 30; not to be reckoned a sea, 33

Maes Titianus, 108, 114 n. 3

Magistrates, Bosporus, 612—614; Cercinitis, 491 ; Cher­sonese, 540—543 and Add. ; goddesses as, 542 ; Olbia, 471—475; Tanais, 614, 615; Tyras, 446 Magnesia, 516

Magyars, and Byzance, 539; cut in two by Pechenegs, 41; descended from lyrcae, 107; Menrot, 86; oaths, 87; sword-worship, 71

Maiden, of Chersonese, 496, 516, 517, 520, 522, 530, 541—550, cf. Artemis

Maitae, 128, v. Maeotae

Mafians, 147, 148 f. 38

Majkop, barrows near, 143, 222—232·, bowl, 381; bunchuki, 78 ; early silver, 382 ; skeleton with red lead, gold, silver and stone vessels, bulls, 143, 144 ff. 35, 36 and Add.

Majnak L., 490

Makhov, I. I., 495 n. 5, 54J, 553

Makter, 525 n. 2

Malmberg, \V., on Karagodeuashkh, 216, 286—290; on bronzes, 374 n. 4 sqq. ; on terra-cottas, 363 n. 1 sqq.

Mammia, 405

Mammoths, 130, 131

Man, kingdom vassal to Assyria, 42

Manchus, 48 n. 1, 92, 93; bows and bowcases, 66 Mangu Khan, burial of, 89

Mantinea, 499 n. 3, 627

Manumissio, 596—599, 607, 616, 62/, 622

Mao tun, 92

Marble, imported, 305 ; originals of terra-cottas, 297, 366, 367 ; Pentelic, 296, 300; Proeonnesian, 508— 510; sham, 306—311, 314, 315 f. 225, 318

Marcianopolis, 470; destroyed by Goths, 126

Marco Polo, 95, 1 14, v. Polo

Marcus (poet), 547

Marduk, 410

Mares, milk and its products, 49; preferred, 49 n. 4

Marinus Tyrius, 114; for our purpose equivalent to Ptolemy, 12 n. 2

Marionettes, 369, 370 f. 268

Maris R. (Maros), I. 28, 102

Mariupol, IX., cup from, 81 u. 6 Markov, A. K., identifies com, 333 n. 1

Marks, Masons’, 499; of possession, 316 318 f). 227, 228, v. taniga

Marquart, J., 41 11. 6; f.ransahr, 114 n. 3; Ta-hia Tochari, 129 11. 4

Marquetry, v. inlay

Mars, v. Ares

Marseilles, latitude of, 14 Marshall, I·'. IL, 155 n. 1, 291 n. 4, 386 n. 6, 422 Martin, Pope, at Cherson, 440, 332

Martin, I·’. R., Minusinsk Museum, 66 n. 9, 241 n. 1,

244 f. 152

Martonosha Barrow, IX. 150, 153, /77, 375 f. 278, 4'3

Martyrs of Cherson, 530—531; relics of, 512, 513, 533.

Mary, Â. V., ieons of 514, 538; ehurch of, 535 Mask, decorative, 367, 372 Ï. 272, 274, ^79, 381, 384,

3*5 ■

funeral, 390, 422; theatrical, 367, 372, 396: Queen with gold mask, 433, 606, v. Glinishche : Medusa, v. Gorgon

Maskell, A., 172 n. 1, 235 n. 2, 288 n. 2

Massagetae, I. 30, 44, ///, //’, 113 n. 3, 115; gold trappings, 76, 253, 281, 441; honesty of, 109; polyandrous, 84, 93; sacrificed horses, 86

Mastjugino, IX. 142 n. 8

Mastiis, stele of, 301 f. 214, 621 n. 5, 625

Mat, rials (Mat.) for the Archaeology of /lussia. Con­tents of, xxvi

Matronenskoe Gorodishehe, IX. 147

Ma Tuan-lin, 92 n. 2 Mauretania, 594, 599 n. 7, 603 Mauricius Imp., 532, 610 n. 10 Maximian, 609; indication, 390 n. 6 Mazaraki, S. A., 180—187 Mazurka, cauldron, 80 n. 5 Measures, Russian, xxiii

Meczislaw, 537

Medea, 436, 437, 481

Medes, Media, reputed ancestors of Sarmatae, 37 ; of

Sigynnae, 102 ; attacked and temporarily conquered by Scyths, 42, 44 Add.; dress of, 60, 61, 102 Mediatizing, 599 Medusa, v. Gorgon

²ëñóàÕò] Oed, 619

Megalithic Monuments, 145, 146 Megara, colonies of, 438, 439, 515, 540, 542, 546 Megaret-Abu-Skheyl, 308

Megarian bowls, 351—353 if. 257, 258 ö³óàë 566, 618

Meghder (Mao-tun), 92 n. ³ Melanchlaeni, I. 27, toy—106, 467:

Caucasian, 104, 129 Meleager, 386 n. 4 Melek Chesme Barrow, 295 ; stelae in, 305 Melgunov’s Barrow, IX. /7/—/75· if. 65—69, 239, 399 :

dagger and sheath, Assyrian style, 42, 71, 171, 172, IT. 65—68, 222, 260, 263, 270

Melos, 400 n. 6

Memnon Rhodius, 556, 576, 626 Memphis, figures from, Add. to 44 f. o Men Atys, 368, 617, 618

Menander Protector, 94, 281, 539 n. 1, 618 n. 7 Menant, J., 410

Mende wine, 441

Mended pottery, 180. 349

Menelaus and Helen, 340 Menemachus, potter, 352 Meng, 92

Meniseus, 579

Menrot = Heracles, 86

Mercury, 470, 478

Merezhkovskij, K. S., 131

Merja, I. 104

Mertvyavody, R. (Exampaeus?), IX. 28

Mesembria, I. 459, 518; W. point of Euxine, 8 Messenger buried with king, 88

Messerschmidt, I). G., 253 n. 1

Metaphors, concrete among nomads, 95

Me-t‘e (Maotun), 92 n. 1

Methodius, S., 533

Metrical epitaphs, 546, 561, 577, 626, 627

Metrodorus Satyri, 573, 583

Miaus, type of, 47

Mica, 413

Mice, i.e. Steppe-rodents, 6

Michael III., 532

Michen, bow from, 66

Micon, 286

Migrations, of Scyths and Sarmatae, 115—122; in Scythia from W., 122—127

“Migration-style,” 259, 387

Mikhailovo-Apostolovo, Raskopana Mogila, cauldron, p. 79, f. 21, 80, 290; Baby barrow, hydria, 380

Milesian (v. Miletus)

furniture, 331; gold-work, 287 Add.; vases, 15, 338, 339 and Add., 415, 439, 441, 453

Miletopolis, 451 n. 1

Miletus, alphabet, 361 ; colonies and factories, 24, 438— 440, 447,451, 458, 555, 569, 570; cults, 477; months, 447, 472; navigation, 438, 439; population mixed, 294 Milk, Mares’, 49

Millefiori glass, 362, 420

Miller, A. A., 567

Miller, Vs. Th., xxxi ; on the Ossetes and Alans, 37, 100; on Iranian names in Greek Inscr., 37, 100

Miltiades, 117

Minerals, 7

Mines, Miners, Altai, 7, 241, 244, 251 f. 172; Urals, 7 Minotaur, 208 f. 106

Mint, 506

Minusa, Little, 244 f. 152

Minusinsk, I. 241—252, 261 :

cauldrons, 80 n. 6, 244, 246, 250; model bowcase from, 66, 67, 244 f. 152 :

style, 65, 182, 244, 246, 248, 259, 280

Mirror, early Greek, 266 Add.; Hellenistic, 378, 420,. 426, 430:

in Sc. tombs, 63, 66, 137, 161, 169, 174 f. 70, 175, 176, 177, 178 f. 13, 179, 191 f. 83, 201 f. 95, 202, 210, 222, 232, 376—378 ff. 279—281:

looped, 187, 1901.82, 1931.85, 259:

Siberian, 244 f. 152, 246, 250, 261 :

woman with, 158 f. 45; boxes, 378, 430

Mirza Kekuvatskij, Kerch, coffin from, 323 ; helmet, 379; sword, 70, 266 n. 5

Mishchenko, Th. G., 34, 100; on legends of Scythian origins, 44; on Athenian trade, 444, 574 n. 4

Mithras, 218 Add., 368, 546, 603, 618

Mithridates I—V of Pontus, 590 n. 1

Mithridates VI, (I) Eupator the Great, 13, 41, 336, 447, 586—595:

Bosporus, 582, 586—591, 597, 61 I, 612, 614, 615, 618 ; tradition of on, 592, 597, 603, 605 :

Chersonese, 518—521:

corn-tribute, 443, 520, 586; historians of, 128, 519, 626; war with Scilurus, 119, 463, 519, 582; Scythian allies, 586, 588; revolt against, 558, 561, 588; death, 589:

Olbia, 464, 587; Theodosia, 558; Tyras, 447, 586 :

coins, 590, 591, 628, 632; types of, 448, 478, 486, 544 n. 6, 547—549, 585, 602, 603, 616—619, 628—630, 632

Mithridates VII (II), Pergamenus, 589—593, 611

Mithridates VIII (III), 523, 590, 595—599, 601—603, 611, 632 :

identified with BÄ"E, 336, 602, 603:

coins of, 312, 595 sqq., 617

Mithridates Iberus, 597

Mithridates, Mt, 20, 195, 378, 390 n. 1, 562—566 ff. 343, 344, 588, 610 :

bowcase from, 67 f. 17; sherd, 340 f. 245 Mixhellenes, 461

μνάμων, 542

Moagerius, 610

Module (Mao-tun), 92 n. 1

Moeris, 548

Moesia, Lower, 446, 447,469. 47°, 5²3—5^5. 534 ". 6;

invaded by Rhoxolani, 121

Mogila (Mokila), 152 n. 2

Moldavia, 446 ; neolithic culture, 134

Mole, 455, 556, 564, 566, 567

Moloch, 368

Molochnaja (Gerrhus?), IX. 30; liman, 17

Moncastro (Akkerman IX.), 14, 446

Mongolia, graves in, 241

Mongolian pony, 49, 75 n. 4

Mongols (v. Tartars), Argippaei, 108; customs, 48; burn bones, 80 n. 7 ; burials, 88—90 ; Kamennya baby, 239, 240; much mixed, 48; rhabdomancy, 86; rise of, 44, 93, 94; supposed connexion with Scythians, 98; type of, 44 Add., 45—47, 108; use of term, 48 n. i

Monograms, 384, 473, 477, 486, 522, 542, 547—549. 584, 585, 594—606, 611, 629, 630, 633

Monsters, representations of, 155 f. 42, 157 f. 44, 171, 172 ffi 65—67, 178 f. 73, 181 f. 75, 191 f. 83, 203 f. 98, 208 f. ro6, 221 f. Ill, 214 f. 115, 222, 265, 266, 411 f. 298, 412: taste for, 250, 262, 280

Montefiascone, 352

Montelius, O., on dolmens, 146

Months, names of, 447, 472, 546, 591

Mopsus, 336

Moravia, 133

Mordva, I. 104

Morgan, J. de, finds at Susa, 63, 215 n. 2, 254, 271 f. 187 ; in Caucasus, 259 n. 4

Morgan, J. Pierpont, 382 n. 1 ; objects from Olbia, 355, 356 f. 262, 383 f. 284, 421

Morris, Sir L., 530

Mortar, 515

Mosaic, Byzantine, 508—512; glass, 430, 431 f. 321; pebble, 306, 456—458

Moschi, 24, 128

Moscow Archaeological Soc., Publ. of, xxvii Mo-t‘e (Mao-tun), 92 η. i

Mother of Pearl, 271

Mother-goddess, 368, 619, cf. Cybele

Motraye, A. De La, 566, 618

Moulded pots, 35‘—353, 356

Moulds, for axes, 132, 245 f. 157; for terracottas, 364—

367 ff. 265—267, 454 n. 6

Mourier, J. de, Caucasus, 259 n. 4

Mourning, 87, 90, 91, 94, 464, 467, 472

Mouth, leaves upon, 420—422, 507 f. 339 Mozara, 409 n. 11

Mtskhet, glass from, 362

Mu, Emperor, 91

Much, Μ., 141

Mud volcanoes, 20, 22

Mugel, 610

Mules, 5

Müllenhoff, K., 97, 98 n. 9 ; on Getae, 101 n. 3 ; on Iranians in S. Russia, 37; denies that Cimmerii were in S. Russia, 41

Muller, F. K. W., 100

Miiller, Sophus, 262 n. 1

Munkaesy, B., on Ugrians, 107 n. 3

Mural crown, 479, 544, 550, 606

Murena, L., 587

Murom, I·, palaeolithic finds, 130

Murza Bek, 239

Muscle markings, 255—257 ff. 175—177, 265 11. 2, 267, 268, 270—279 ff. 186, 188—192, 195 200, 203— 205

Muscovy, 27, 104

Muses, 367, 397, 627

Museums containing coins from S. Russia, 661 ; con­taining other objects, xxxvi ; issuing publications, xxviii

Music, 626

Musin-Pushkin, Ct, 450, 456

Mutilation in mourning, 87, 90, 91, 94

Mutton-bones, 49, 80, 1963'

Mycenaean, jewelry, 387; masks, 390, 422; survivals, 194, 260, 262, 263, 270, 294 n. 3

jwxtjs, 70

Myres, J. L., on geography of Herodotus, to, 28, 34; on Kurgdn people, 145; on “twists,” 395 nn. 2, 3

Myrina, necropolis, 415; terra-cottas, 363 Myrmecium, III. 20, 194, 626, 628

Myrtle, does not grow at Panticapaeum, 5, 615 Mysteries, 619

Mytilene, 570, 576, 627

Nabiani, 129

Nadezhdin, N. 1., 33

Nagajka, borrowed from Tartars, 77

Nagy, G., on Scyths, gq ; sword worship among Ugrians, 71 ; funeral ceremonies, 91 ; explains Scythic god­names, 85, 86; oaths and divinations, 87 ; symbolism, 95 ; Massagetae, 111 n. 3

Nagy Szent Miklos, treasure, 2^7 n. 5 Add., 282 n. 2, 387

Naiads, 332

vasipos, 624

Names, Attic, 560; Caucasian (?), 127; Dorian, 570; Gods’, 85; Iranian in Gk insc., 320, 471, recall Ossetian, 37, too; Old Persian, 38, 127; little criterion of race, 40; Thracian, 38, 571 n. t, 604

Namuchus, 504

Nan Shan, I. 114 n. 3

Naparis, R., 28

Naracu stoma, IX. 12, 13

Nature-goddess, 218 Add., 368, 619 vaeapxos, 614, v. Admiral

Naucratis vases, 338 and Add., 339, 452 n. 1 vaiAX^por, 464, 524, 624

Nautch-girl, 335 vrav«TKapx95, 623

Neapolis (Kermenchik ?), 119 n. 5, 463, 476, 479, 518— 520

Necklaces, Greek, 384, 385, 393, 399—402 f. 294, 405 — 408 f. 295, 420, 426—431 ff. 318, 320, 321 ; centre­pieces, 397, 398

in Scythic tombs, 63, 170, 179 f. 74, 202, 206, 208 f. 106, 216, 217 f. 119

Neck-rings, 62, v. torques

Necropolis, 414 sqq., 455, 506, 507 f. 339, 508, 626, 627

Nedvigovka, IX. 21, 381, 566—569 f. 346, 620, v. Tanais Negro, 346, 381, 398, 399, 401 f. 294, 427 f. 318 Nekrasovskaja, IX. 232 n. 4, 381

Nekyia, 437

Nelidov Coll., terra-cottas, 363 n. 1 ; jewelry, 386 n. 9 sqq.

Nemirov, IX. 441 n. 1

Neo-Attic types. 170, 179, 283, 298, 392

Neolithic finds, 132 sqq.

Neoptolemi turns, IX. 13, 14, 447, 596

Neoptolemus, 13, 447, 586, 587, 614

Neoptolemus f. Achillis, 285

vrdirrpm, 621

Nereids, on coffin, 325 328 (T. 235, 237, 238, cyhx, 383; on temple-ornaments, 291, 394, 426 f. 316; earrings, 195 f. 88, 397 ; terra cotta, 367

Nergal, 617

Nero, 523, 595, 596, 599—600, 611 νήσου, ό r’rri τήί, 318, 613

Nestor, Ps.-, xxxi, 84 n. 2, 103 n. I, 534 538 Nestorian diviners among Mongols, 86 Net-weights, 374, 415

Neumann, I 33⁶> 34°. 34' «· 3, 364· 3^6s »· 374· 3*2.

39²> 397. 40' f- 294- 473—475· 544. 547. 5S. 5^S4 Nilometer, 386 n. 4 Nimrud Ivories, 263

Niue (magistrates), 461, 471, 474 Nineveh, 42, 115, 260, 263 n. 9 Niobe (?), 365 f. 265, 366

Niobids, on coffins, 322, 332—334 ff. 241 — 243, 363 n. I, 370—374 ff. 269, 270

Nogai, 95

Nogai Tartars, impotence among, 45 ; split into tribes, ' 03 n. 7

Nomades Scythae, IX. 27—31 ; perhaps the same as Royal Scyths, 31, 35

Nomads, 44 Add.; necessary conditions of, 47 sqq. ; zfsiatic, Persian representations of, 58, 59 f. 12 61 ff. 13, 14; Chinese accounts of, 90—95; employ subject craftsmen, 252, 281 ; justice, 94; Siberian, 250

Nomenclature, double, 17; of N. Asiatics confusing, 48 n. i

νομοφΰλακκ, 540, 541 and Add.

Norsemen, 536, 537 Novgorod, 538

Novgorod Seversk, I. 414 f. 301 Novikov, A. B., 560

Noviodunum (Isakcha), IX. 12, 125 Novocherkdssk (IX.) treasure, 233— 236 ff. 138—144,

268, 273; style of, 280—282. 384, 409. 433 Novo-Mikhailovka, IX. 598 n. 4, 621 n. 17 Novopetrovka, 409 11. 1 1 Novorossijsk, IX. 24, 216, v. Bata Nugget, 64, 223

Nymphaeum (Eltegen), III 20, 458, jrio, jt>i, 572.

574· 588, 591, 626 628:

bow, 66, 68; Panathenaic vase, 447, 626:

Tombat, 208 f. 106, 210—215 If. 114—116, 265; bits, 76, 214 f. 115, 266, 268; coflin, 214 f. 115, 329; gem, 208 f. 116, 412: helmet, 379

Μ.

89

Nymphaeum, Ai Todor, 523 n. 7, 546

Nymphidius, 598

Nymph’s cave, 544, 546, head on coin, 561

Oak-pattern, 385, 388

Oarus (Volga), I. 30, 104, 107:

= Ararus=Buzeo, 28 n. 3, 117

Oath, ceremonies, Scythian, &c., 87; among Hiung- nu, 93 ; citizens’ at Chersonese, 516, 517 ; Phamaces, 516 n. 6, 518, 590, 621 n. 16

Obidiaceni, 128

Obj, R. I., 145. ’39’ ’4L ’44> ’4§> ’53

Ochakov, IN. 453, 455, 481; bar at, 4; Alector, 15 Ochre, bones coloured with, 142

Octavian, 592, 593, v. Augustus Octavius, Fronto, S., 523 n. 6 Octomasades, 116; funeral of, 88

Odessa, IX. harbour of, 4 ; stone at, 7 ; Isiacorum Portus, 13, 14; Museum, xxxvi, 661; sculptures, &c., at, 296 n. 10, 481 ; Society, xxviii; trade of,

444

Odessus, I. 14, 464, 470, 482, 487, 627

Odobesco, A., 282 n. 2

Odyssey, 18, 436, 437 ; Odysseus, v. Ulysses Oechardes, R., I. 114 n. 3

Oenochoe, 355, 380, 381, 421 Oetosyrus (Goetosyrus), 85, 86

Offerings, to the dead, 87—91, 106, 425, cf. dedications Officials, Bosporus, 612—615 ; Byzantine, 541—543 ;

Roman, 446, 447, 469, 522—525, 601, 602

Ogiiz Barrow, IX. 152, ibg, igo if. 63, 64, 283, 284, 290, 291 n. 4, 403 n. 2

Ohnefalsch-Richter, M., 395 nn. 2, 3

Oil, 441 οΖκειακώ»', ιπΐ των, 543 οικονόμοι, ίνκυκλίων, 613, 625 ; 'κρων, 613, 625 οΐόρπατα, 39’ ¹⁰⁰

Oka R., I. palaeolithic finds on, 130, 131

(>lach Zsakoda, mirror from, 65 n. 5

Olbia, IX. 750—gSg; view and plan, 450 ff. 330, 331: amphorae, 360, 516; art products, 292—414; bottle, 409; buildings, 468; Chersonesan at, 421, 459; coffin, 322 f. 232; coins, 482—487, Pl. II., III. 490, 631, shew bowcases, 66, axes, 72 ; cults, 475—482 and Add. ; diadems, 392 ff. 288, 289 ; Dio at, 466 ; earrings, 395 Add., 396 f 290, 398 if. 292, 293; emblemata, 366, 385; excavations, 454—458; foreigners at, 470; founding, 439, 445, 458, 569; Getae destroy, 101, 123, 464 ; Goths take, 126, 470; graffiti, 361 n. 1 ; houses at, 455—458 ; institutions, 471—475; Kelts threaten, 125; lions with tamgi, 298, 316, 317 f. 227 ; magistrates, 471—475; mask, 390; mirror and mount, 266 and Add. ; Mithridates, 463, 464, 586, 587; name, 451 n. 1 ; necklace, 400, 406; pots, 339 sqq. and Add.; restored, 466; Scilurus, 119, 463, 520; Scyles, 264, 458; site, 4, 15, 16, 28, 453; tombs, 415 and Add.—421 ff. 302—309, 455; 1891 tomb, 354—356 f. 262, 383 f. 284, 406, 420, 421·, trade, 31, 440—444, 465; tribes press, 118, 119, 447, 460; walls, 454, 461, 467

Olbiopolis, 451 n. 1

Olbiopolites, 447, 451 n. 1 ; dress of, 56, 467 Olbos, 476

Olgenfeld, double-looped axe, 72

Olgerd, 539

Olive, crown, 388, 389 f. 286

Oltus, read for Kleophrades, 340 n. 6 Olympia, griffins, 264; standards, 187 n. 1 Olympus, 516

Omphale, 364, 365 f. 265, I. 1 Όμ]ψαλάκον, 119 n. 5

Onega L., neolithic finds, 132

Onions, 49

Onon R., I. 92

Onyx, 173, 408, 4I4

425 n. I

Ophiussa, 14, 445

Opissas L., III. 23

Opoea, wife to Ariapithes and then Scyles, 95, 116 Opuk, IX., v. Cimmericum, 20, 621

Oracle, 464, 481

Orchamus Gorgippi, 573 n. 7, 583

Ordessus R. (Ardzhish), I. 28

Ordessus (town), 14

Orenburg, I. 107, 173

Oreshnikov, A. V. (Or.), xxxii, 661 ; on coins of Asander, 593; Cercinitis, 491, 492; Mithridates, &c., 603; Scilurus, &c., 119, 487; Spartocids, 583 —585 ·’

on Olbian grave, 420

Oriental taste, cf. Iranian, 387, 263 ; gems, 56, 410— 412, v. Perso-Greek

Oricus, 116

Orientation, churches, 509; house, 457

Origen, on Scythian pantheon, 85 Oriloche, 543

Orkhon, R., I., inscriptions from, 90

Orontes Ababi, 469

bpavov\a^, 613, 624, 625

Orsiloche, 543 nn. 8, 9

Orthia, 543

Orthography, 301 f. 214, 319, 625

Osiris, 381, 490

Ossetes, 37, 232

Ossetia, 36; Ossetian names, 38, 39, 104, 107, 320 Ossi, 37

Ossowski, G·, 177 sqq.

Ostjaks, I. 107, 108; stuff horses, 91; sacrifices, 86 Ostrich, 173

Ostrogi, 105

O Szbny, cauldron, 80 n. 5

Otacilia, 470

Otarik, IX. 14

Otter, 5, 105

Ottorocorrhas, VI. 114 n. 3

Otiiz, IX. 19

Ovwoi, 122 n. 2

Ouvaroff, Ouvarov, v. Uvarov

Ovid, 447, 464, 468; on lazyges, 121; on Leucon, 5⁸¹

Owl, 208 f. 106, 212 f. 113, 632

Ox, used by Scyths, 49—51 ; other nomads, 51 ; in Siberian art, 268; head, 217 f. 199, 372 f. 273, 398, 401 f. 294, 430; on coins, 486, 547, 548, 559, 629; cf. bull

Oxford, armour at, 74 n. 6; bows at, 66 n. 10; gem, 412; jewelry, 395 nn. 1, 7, 400

Oxiana, 92

Oxus (Kuei), I. 92, in, 121 ; ran into Caspian, 31; = Araxes? 30, 111, 113 n. 3; Yile-chih upon, 92

Oxus Treasure, 254—237 ff. 173—177, 265 n. 2, 269— 271 :

armlets, &c., 254, 256 f. 177, style of, 63; deer, 256 f. 177, 268; griffin, 222, 256 f. 176; plaque with nomad, 58, 70, 86, 255 f. 174, 269; ring, ’55 f· >75 5 sheath, Assyrian in style, 42, 70, 255 f· 173’ ’63, ’7¹

6£tiyaXa, 49

473’ 477’ 486

584’ 585

jSj, 584.585

Traiiaywyiou, 6 diri, 613

Paerisades, I, 557, 571—573, 575, 577’ 578, 583

Pacrisades Satyri, 579, 583

Pacrisades 11, 580, 581, 583

Pacrisa[des] Prytan[...J, 580 n. 7, 583

Pacrisades 111, 581—583

Paerisades Philoinetor, 581—583, 621

Pacrisades the Last, 520, 582, 583

Paerisades II — Last, coins of, 215, 405, 41011. 1, 414, 430 (for the dates deduced from most of these v. p. 5«?), 433. 584—586, 632

Ιίαιρισάδον, ό eirl των, 612

Pagenstecher, R., 349 nn. 2, 3, 353 11. 6 Pagrac (Gelendzhik), IX, harbour of, 4 ; site, 24 Pail, Greek, 180

Painting, inscriptions, 621 n. 5 ; on stelae, 306 f. 219; on textile, 212 f. 113, 335, 336; on walls of houses, 306, 457, 564, of tombs, 307—321 if. 220—231, 423 if. 312, 313; on wood, 305

Palacium, IX. 18 f. 1, 518—520 Palacus, 119, 443, 463, 518—520, 582 Palaeography, 319, 320, 466, 507 f. 339 Palaeolithic remains, rjo, fjr Pa lam Ida, 6

Pa-li-feng, 96 f. 27, 97

Palisade, 454

Pallas, v. Athena

Pallas, 1’. S., on Chersonese. 494, 496, 521 n. 1 ; disease of Nogais, 45 n. 6 ; KAmennya E· 472; 'lyras, 446

Peparethus wine, 442

Perekop, IX. 16; Isthmus of, 16, 27, 592; Gulf of, 29; salt at, 440

Pcrepjatikha, IX. 151

Pcreshchepina (near Poltava), plate from, 386 Adri. Perga[mos], 412, 414

Pergamum, 518; barrows near, 435 n. 1 ; Mithridates, of, q.v. ; school of, 289, 297, 358

Peribolos, round church, 51 2

Pericles, Pontic expedition, 447, 458, 561

Periplus Ponti Eux. Anon., accuracy of, 10; date, 25 Peristyle, 455—457

Perjury among Scyths, 87

Perm, I. 252, 251, 258, 260; idols, 257 ami Add., 258 f. 182; Scythic cauldron, 80 n. 5; silver-plate from, 105, 257, 386, 441

Pcrmiaks, I 104, 105

Pernice, E., on bits, 75 n. 4

Perrot, G., corn trade, 444, 574, 575

Persephone, head of in fresco, 307, 310 f. 221 ; rape of, 309 f. 220, 310, 393, 619; terra-cottas, 367; Chthonia, 620

Persepolis, reliefs at, 59 f. 12, 60, it2, 248, 254, 257

89- 2

Perseus, 602, 603, 618

Persian, Old, names in Bosporan inscr., 38

Persian, art, v. Iranian, at Aix, 289; bows, 66 : combat with nomads, 61 f. 13, Greeks, 286, 287, 411 f. 298 :

dress on Gk vases, &c., 54 f. 8, 55, 164 f. 53, 286, 287, 343 f. 249, native reliefs, 58, 59 f. 12, 60, 61 f. 13, 254, 255 f. 174 :

gems and cylinders, 61 f. 13, 263, 410—412 f. 298, 427 f. 318 :

jewelry, 254, 256, 271 f. 187, 272 ff. 188, 189, 404: Persians work for nomads, 252 : weight-standard, 547, 548

Perso-Greek art, 210, 211 f. 110, 222, 263, 265 n. 2, 410—412 f. 298, 427 f. 318, 428

Peter, S., Ch. at Cherson, 509

Peter the Great, 253 Petreny, 134 n. r, 140, 141

Petrie, \V. M. Flinders, xxxvi f. o Add. to p. 44 Petronas Cameterus, 533, 543

Petrossa, 282 n. 2, 387

Petrus Patricius, 596, 597, 598, 601 Peuce Ins., IX. 12, 13, 120, 123, 124 Peuces Ostium, IX. 12, 13 Peucini, IX. 13, 120, 124 Peyssonel, commerce, 440, 444 ΦΑΙΔΡΗ, 212 f. 113, 336

Phaisparta, 320

Phalerae, 76, 155, 165, 168 ff. 57—59, 171, 173 n. 3, 210, 214 f. ΙΓ5, 215, 223, 378, 403,426; developed into mirrors, 66

Phanagoras, 570, 620, 629

Phanagoria (Sennaja), III. 22—24, 127, 128, 215, 430, 532, 594, 596, 598, 612—614, 616—621, 626 ; archons, 613 ; barrows near, 435 ; buildings at, 566; coins, 584, 628—632, restruck, 593 ; destruc­tion, 610; earrings from, 396 f. 290; envoy of, 613 n. 12; independence of, 572, 589, 613; insti­tutions of, 613; Jews at, 622, 624; name and founding, 570; religious societies, 621, 624; revolt, 588, 589; statues from, 295; vases, 344—346 ff. 250, 251

Phanagoria, Fort, III. 22 n. 5, 566 n. 3 I’hanomachus, 577

Pharmacovskij, B. V., on Kelermes, 172 n. 1, 222 ; Majkop, 144 Add.; at Olbia, 454—458; on gold reliefs, 287 n. 3 and Add. ; Olbian necropolis, 415— 420 ; Olbian Parthenos, 296 ; pots, 338 sqq.

Pharmacovskij, Μ. V., 385 n. 2

Pharnaces I of Pontus, 516 n. 6, 518, 590 n. 1 Pharnaces (II) of Bosporus, 448, 585, 588—594, 604, 611, 613 :

coins, 448, 590—592, 630, 632

Pharnaces Pharnacis Amastrianus, 524 Pharnacus Pharnaci, 527

Pharsanzes, 527, 607—609, 611, 632 Pharzoeus, 119, 467, 469, 486, 487 Phaselis, 441, 470

Phasis, R. I., 587; eastern point of Euxine, 8, 9, 436;

Apollo at, 232; trade of, 443

Phauni, 222

Pherae, barrows near, 435 n. 1 Phiale Mesomphalos, 81, 204 f. 99, 206, 209 f. 107, 221,

. ?.’>! ff- 136, 1.37, 232, 3⁸3 Phidias, 296, 393 Phidonisi, IX. 14, v. Leuce φιλάγαίοϊ, 301 f. 214, 623—625 Philhellene, 607 ΦΙΛΙΑΣ, 350 f. 256, 351 η. i, 361 Philip II of Macedon, 118, 123, 124; coinage of, 631,

632

Philip the Arabian, 126, 470, 478; indication, 390 n. 6 Philippopolis, 126

Philiscus, 296 n. 17

0rX6xa«rap, 596, 598 n. 7

0tXopw/zaios, 592, 598 n. 7, 601

Philostratus Junior, 14, 626 n. 10

Phlegon Trallianus, 493 n. 1, 524 n. 1, 605

Phocas, S., 514

Phocylides, 467

Phoebus, 474 n. 3, 476 n. 11, 577, 616

Phoenicians, 437, 444, 445, 490; weight-standard, 485, 547, 54⁸, 631

Phoenix brought to China, 280

Phormio, 442

Photius, 533, 534 n. i

povTLarrii, 624

Phrygian cap, 379, 412, 429; dress, 55, 411 f. 298, 412, 414, 618; Mother, 619

Phtheirophagi (Caucasian), 24, 129 tpOtiporpayloviTi, Budini, 105 ‘boiiS, 533 n. 7

Phulla, 533

Phuni (Huns!), 122 n. 2

Phylakopi, 141

Physce, IX. 14

Physical type, permanence of, 43; Scythian according to Hippocrates, 44 sqq. and Add. f. o

Physician, 523 n. 2, 546

Piccard, R., draughtsman, 330 n. 1, 382

Pick, B, 448, 449, 484

Picks, 242 f. 150, 244, 247 f. 161, 257

Picn-i-tien, 90 n. 2, 92 n. 2, 95

Pigs, v. boar

Pile-village, 578

Pilfn, sword from, 70 n. 10

Pilos, gold from Kerch, 58, 391 f. 287

Pin, 57, 179, 191 f. 83, 228, 242 f. 150, 244 f. 152, 398, 401 1. 294,. 405, 430, 431 f. 321

TTira/dSos, 6 eirl rijs, 6 r 2, 613

Pindar, 14

Piracy, 24, 101, 232, 438, 439, 463, 480, 504, 575, 579, 588, 592, 606, 614

Piraeus, inscr. from 571, 575, 577

Piraeus (Amisus), 578

Pirot, I. 622

Piscina, 512

Pisistratids, policy of, in Euxine, 339, 442

Pisistratus Dadaci, 473

Piskarev, 240 n. 1

Pit-grave, 415, 416 ff. 302—305, 421

Pithos, 360, 457

Pit-houses, 132’, 137 f. 31, 452

Pitkia, 90

Pityus (Pitsunda), 1. 24

Placia, 18 f. 1

“Plain,” Chersonesan, VIII. 517, 518

Plain, of Northern Asia, 1

Plain, South Russian, IX. 1 ; height of, 2 ; drainage, 2 ; vegetation, 3 ; agriculture on, 2

Plano Carpini, J. de, 30 n. 3, 48, 84, 85, 114 ; French translation derived from Hakluyt, 89 n. 3 ; funerals of Tartars, 89, 90

Plans of, Chersonese, VII., p. 492, 505 f. 338, churches,

511 f-34o; Olbia, 4501.331; Panticapaeum, 561

f. 344, bath at, 565 f. 345; Tanais, 568 f. 346; Theodosia, 557 f. 342 :

Plans(*) and Sections(§) of Scythic tombs, &c., 148 f. *38, 152 f. *39, 156 f. 43, 170 ff. *63, §64, 174 f. *§70, 176 f. §71, 177 f. *72, 183 f. *76, 194 f. §87, 196 f. *§89, 213 f. *114, 225 f. *§128, 227 f. 130, 229 f. 131:

of Greek tombs, 416—421 ff. 302—311, 433 ff. 323,

3²4

Plaque, v. Plates

Plastic vases, 344—357

Plaster figures, on coffins, 332—334 f. 243, 370—374 ff. 271—277

Plate, v. silver, found at Perm, 105, 257, 386

Plates (plaques), gold, in Greek graves, 420, 425—429 f· 31«. 433. 434 f- 3²5 :

bronze, 1 58 f. 45 184 f. 77, 209 f. 109, 2 14 f. 115

in Scythic dress, 57, 58, 62, 145, 151, 155 f. 42, 157,

158 f. 45, I61, 169 f. 62, 170, 176, I 77, I 78 f. 73, 179, 180, 182 f. 75 bis, 184 f. 77, 187, 191, 192 IT. 83, 84, 196, 197 f. 90, 204, 206, 208 f, 106, 210, 216, 217 f. 119, 223, 228, 229, 232, 235, 248, 254, 255 f. 174, 260, 265—26917. 183, 184, 283, 292,403; imitation, 223

dies common to several tombs, 155, 158 f. 45, 169, 204, 206, 208 f. 106, 266, 425; style of, 291 ; cast not stamped 428

harness, 166 ff. 54, 55, 168 IT. 58—60, 184 f. 77, 185 f. 78; Siberian, 251 f. 172, 253, 260, 271 — 282 ff. 193—204

Plato, 467

Plautius, Ti., Silvanus (App. 1), 447, 469, 523 Plinth, round barrows, 151, 156, 420

Pliny the younger, 604 PloshchUMa, 134

Plundering of Barrows, zjj’, 154 (not Chertomlyk, 155 Add.), 157, 163, 167—170, 173, 182, 194, 195, 205, 206, 210, 222, 223 — 228, 241, 248, 250,420, 421 ; precautions against, 90, 227

Pinto or Plutodotas Chthonius, 620 Podberezskij, A., on earthworks, 146 Podgornyj Post, 396 f. 290

Podolia, 1. 1, 11, 27, 28:

earthworks, 146; La Tone, 259; red skeletons in, 142; Scythic tombs in, 150; Milesian pots, 441 n. 1 ; Tripolje areas in, 133, pot from, 140 f. 34 Podshivalov, A. M., xx.xii, 609

Poet, stele of, 304; Bosporan, 626, 627; Chersoncsan, 546, 547

Pokrovskij, Prof. N. V., 32011.3, 512

Po-ku-Cu-lu, 280; cauldrons, 80; calf’s head vase, 81 Poland, La Tene in, 259; palaeolithic, 130

Poland, F., 475 n, 5, 541, 620—625 !roXe 57

Polemo 11, 590, 595—597, 604, 611

Polemo Smyrnaeus, 626 Policemen, Scythian, 56 n. 4 Pollak, L., 386 n. 9

Polo, Marco, 48, 114; on Mongol burials, 88, 89; assimilation of Tartars, 95

Polovtses, v. Cumans

Poltava, L, govt of, Byzantine plate from, 386 Add., earthworks, 146; Greek' pots from, 349; paleolithic remains, 130; Scythic tombs in, 150, 175, 180— 191 ; Tripolje areas, 133

Polyandry not among Scyths, 84 ; among Massagetae, 84, tit ; among Tibetans, 84; Yiie-chih, &c., 93,

1 to

Polybius, on alliance, 518; Euxinc trade, 440, 441 Polychrome, glass, 362 and Add. :

pots, 342—349, 353—355 ft'· 259—261 Polycrates, 295, 516, 545

Polygamy among Scyths, 84; Turks, 95 Polygnotus, 285—287 and Add.

Polygonal wall, 455 Polyphagi, 129

Pomashki, 192, mistake for Romashki, IX.

Pompeii, mosaic of Issus, Persian costume, 58 n. 4 ; psalia, 77

wall paintings, 307, 309, 457

Pompey, 587—589

“Pontic” vases, 53, 55 f. 9

Pontictim, 108, 109

Pontus (i e. N. Cappadocia), 518—521, 563, 582, 589,

593—595

òãá³ãî¿, 85 Add.

Popovka, IX. /3’7; axe, 72; bone armour scales, 74, 187, 188 I. 80; beak head, ib. ; bronze double­eagle, 178 f. 73

Poppaea, 599. 622 11. 3 Poppy, 402, 429 f. 320

Porata, IX. 27, v. Prut IlOl’NAXO, 203 f. 98, 267 ■tropvinbv riXos, 525

Porphyrogcnila, 537

Porringer, earthen, 351, 357; glass, 362; silver, 383 3«5. 43¹ i-3²¹

Portages, 11 Porthniium 111. 20 1’ortitsa, IX. 12, 13

Portraits, coins, 448, 487, 585, 586, 592, 593, 595—604 ; sculpture, 296, 298, 577, 605

1’ortus, v. Isiacorrnn, Istrianorum, Siudicus

Poseidon, culls, 361 (?), 443, 476 and Add., 566, 604, 616, 623; ’Aplate, 385 ; frescoes, 307 ; woodwork, 335 Rennell’s Scythia, 32, 33

Rep, 336

Repmkov, N. I., Goths at Gurzuf, 127 n. 2, 282 n. 2 Restruck coins,-548, 549, 593, 630

Revenue, Bosporan, 579, 586; Chersonesan, 525, 538; Olbian, 474

Rha (Volga), I. n n. 1, 30 n. 2

Rhabbanae, VI. 114 n. 3

Rhabdomancy, 86, 87

Rhadampsadius, 527, 609, 611

Rhescuporis, Thracian name, 590, 604 ’Rhescuporis I, =Aspurgus, 600

Rhescuporis I (II), 590, 595, 596, 598—600, 604, 611, 632

Rhescuporis II (III), 280, 384, 434 f. 325, 604, bob, 607, 611, 612; inscription of with tamga, 318 n. 1 ; coins, 633 ; indication, 390 n. 7, 434 n. 1

Rhescuporis III, IV(?), 607—609, 611

Rhescuporis the Last, 527, 569, 609, 611 ; coin of with mark, 317 f. 227

Rhipaean Mountains, 11 n. 1, 113 n. 3, 114

Rhodes, 459, 516

Rhodian, amphorae, 359, 360, 441, 516; coins, 516, types, 477; deities, 463, 476, 479; house, 456; school, 297 ; vases, 338 n. 8, 346 n. 10

Rhoemetalces, 524, 604, 605, 606, 611; coin in “cata­comb,” 319

Rhoemetalces I, II, of Thrace, 590, 604

Rhombites, Rivers Gt and Less, IX. fishing, 6, 21

Rhoxolani (Rheuxinali, 121 11. 2), IX. 113 11. 3, no, 121, 518—520

Rhyton, Si, 196, 197 f. 90, 206, 210, 211 f. 110, 213 f. 114, 219 f. 121, 221, 222, 265, 290, 346, 383, 385, 434 f· 3²5> 5^7 ’*· 3> sacred, 218 Add.

Riazan, I. 104

Ribbon-armlets from Volkovtsy and Axjutintsy, 64, '84 f· 77

Ricardus /Xnglus, 539 n. 4

Richthofen, hr. von, Serica, 114 11.3

Rider-god, 218 Add., 478, 546

Ridgeway, W., Cimmerians, 436 ; Sc. horses, 49 ; Getae, 101 n. 4

Riegl, A., 273, 281—282, 289 n. 2, 382, 404, 506 11. 9 Rings (finger), Greek, 368 n. 12, 384, 385, 401 f. 294, 405, 414 f. 298, 426—434 ff. 318, 321, 325;

bronze, 382 ; iron, 430:

in Scythic tombs, 64, 157, 161, 179, 208 f. 106, 216, 254, 255 f. 175, 291

Ritual scenes, 218 Add., 41 1 f. 298

Rivers, banks of, high and low, 2 ; bend of, 2 ; deified, 447, 476, 478, 479, 485 ; diminution of, 2 ; eight main r. identified, 27 sqq. ; limans of, 2 ; (lowing into Maeotis, 30 ; names of, Ossetian, Turkish and others, 38

Robert, C., 285, 286

Rock-carvings, 246, 250

Romanchenko, N. Ph., 491, 492 Romanns 1., coins of, 513

Ronrashki (miswritten Pomashki), IX. 192 Rome, and Bosporus, 588—609, 627; controls mint, 595, 601, 602, 633:

and Chersonese, 518, 521—526, 540:

and Euxine, 444; and Mithridates, 587—589:

and Olbia, 467—470 :

and Phanagoria, 589, 613; and Pharnaces, 589:

and Tyras, 446—448 :

art of, 281 ; exports into Scythia, 149, 187, 232, 273, 381, 444; coins, 187, style of, 550; gems, 414 f. 301 ; glass, 362 ; pots, 350, 353; wall paint­ings, 307, 314 :

Emperor, Empress, q.v., portraits of, 595—602 ; titles conferred by, 608 n. 7, 609, 614;

fleet, 523, 525, 587—589, 598; knight, 608 n. 7; posts, 600 :

soldiers, 364, 370, 470, 523, 525, 526, 597, 598, 614 ; approach Tanais, 598 ; Bosporans armed as, 614: tombstones, 305; wrecked off Taurica, 598:

Popes, S. Clement, 530, 533, 534; Martin, 440, 532 : Romny (district of), IX. Scythic tombs in, 180—193 :

earrings, 191 f. 83, 395 earthworks in, 146 11. 4 ; iron axe from, 72; mirror, model axe and beak­head, 178 f. 73, 266 and Add., 378; sheath, 71, 186 f. 79 ; standards, 186 f. 79; tusk, engraved, 188 f. 80 Rosen, Baron A’. R., 535 n. 1 Rosenberg, M., 257 n. 1, 386 n. 6 Rose pattern, 315—321 fif. 225, 227, 229—231 Rostislav Vladimirovich, 539 Rostov, IX. 621 n. 13

Rostovtsev, Μ. I., on draughtsmen, 335 ; frescoes, xxxii, 308 sqq., 606 n. 10 ; chthonian goddess, 606 n. 10, 619, 620; kingly power and Karagodeuashkh, 218 Add.; Mithridates, 464; Roman soldiers, Aj Todor, 523, Bosporus, 614, Chersonese, 523—526; Theonas, 504 n. 8, 531

Rouge, 232, 415, 430, 434

Roundel, 195 f. 88, 217 f. 119, 230, 705—707 f. 295, 4^2O> 430—433 f. 321 :

beast, 214 f. 115, 215, 223 f. 126, 224, 230 f. 132. 232 n. 6

Royal Barrow (Kerch), 194 ff. 86, 87, 294; stelae in, 3°5

Royal Sarmatae, 120, 1 21

Royal Scyths (=Noijiades?), IX 27—31, v. Scyths

Rubin’s harm. III. 23

Riibruck, \\. de (Ri bruqui-). 45, 48, 114; ·«·< s S. Clement's church, 513; ѳííà· m funerals, 89, 240; Tartar tents and waggons, 51 · customs of Tebct, 1 to

Rumania, part of Scythia, 27, 31 ; neolithic culture, ED

Rumjantsev Mus., xxxii, 586

Runic inscr., 453

Russia, civilized thiough Cherson, 494. 514, «38

Russian Archaeological, Congresses, list of, xxvn ; Soc. Publication., of, xxvii

Russian, Russians, alphabet, xxi ; baths, 84 ; called Scythians, 119; at Chersonese, 494, 533 539; measures, xxiii; peasants like Scythians. 46, 98; raid the Euxine coasts, 126; at Theodosia, 559; swords, 116 n. 3; weights, xxiii

Rustication, 194 f. 86, 420. 499; sham, 309 313, ²¯. 220, 222, 223

Rntkba, 260

Ryzhanovka Barrow, IX. 170, 174 f. 70, /77 /Ë’î IT. 73, 74, 269 :

bracelets, 63, 382; cup, 81, t8o, 287, 383; earrings,

62, 178 f. 73. 266, 397; frontlet and templeorna­ments, 62, 393 ; Greek pottery, 82 n. 4 ; necklace,

63, *79 74· ²9¹· 4°° I rings, 64: set with coins,

64, 291 ; stone, ib.; tiara, 170, 179, 283; dancers upon, 61, 283

Rzhishchev, IX. areas, 140; figurine, 139 f. 33 ; pottery, f. 103;

Siberian, 277—279 ff. 201 204

Sadowski, J. N., 440, 444, 484

Sadyattes, 42

Safarik, P. J., xxxii, 103 n. 5

Sagaris, 72

Sai (Saka), 92, 121

Saii, 119, 461

St Germain Museum, 259 n. 4

St George mouth of Danube, IX. it 13

Saitapharnes, 460, 461, 473; tiara of, 284

Sajansk, 244 f. 152, 282

Saka, 112, v. Sacae

Sakunka, 57, 59 f. 12, 60, 112

Salamatino (Saratov), I. 173 n. 4 ; neck hoops, 63

Salgfr R., IX. 17; iron axe from, 72; toique, 63, 289; whetstone, 73, 289

Salin, B., on fibula, 259

Sallet, A. von, 480, 553, 637; on APIXO, 483, 4.84;

Spartocus. 586 ; Asander. 593 n. 1

Salonina, indication, 390 n. 6

Salt, on the Steppe, 3, 7; at mouth of Dnepr, 7, 534; trade in, 440

Saltpetre from graves, 147

Samara (govt). I. 104. 113 n. 3, 173: swords from,

"°

Samira (river, Gerrhus?), IX. 30

Samas-iddin, 410 ·

Samian vases, 338, 339 ; terra sigillata, 353

Samokvasov, D. J., xxxii, 98 n. 2 ; on red skeletons, of holds Alector, 455; threaten Scyths, 115; Mithridates, 586; on Theiss, [21, 1 24 :

gear, art, 281; armour, 74, 187; spears, 68; swords, 7°

Sarmatia, according to Ptolemy Map II., p. 11 ; ac­cording to Strabo, IX. 120

Sarmaticae Portae, n n. 1

Sarych C., IX. 19 Sarykamysh L., I. 31

Sassanian, ivory, 335; kingship, 218 zkdd.; plate, 254, 386 and Add., from Perm, 105, ^57, 441

aaarrip, 516

Sasyk, L., IX. 13, 17

Satarchae, 127, 463

Satyr, 341 f. 247, 381, 385, 386; playing flute, 320; pan-pipes, 424 f. 314 ; heads, 209 f. 107, 360, 364, cf. Pan

Satyrus I, 561, 571—575, 583; besieges Theodosia, 555, 556, 574 ; monument of, 23, 561 ; stamp, 360

Satyrus II, 572, 578—580, 583

Satyrus Heraeis, 524 Sauagas, 320

Saucepan, 165, 378, 381 Saucer, 383, 385, 430, 433 Saudaratae, 119, 461; name, 104 Saulius, Sc. king, 116 Saumacus, 520, 582

Sauromatae, v. Sarmatae

Sauromates as proper name, 118

Sauromates I, 569, 590, 599, 604, 611; coins, 320, 604, 611, 632

Sauromates II, 120, 605, 606, 611, 612, 617, 624, 625; coins, 368, 606, 608, 611, 616, 632, 633; indica­tions, 385, 390; tamga, 318 n. 1, 614 n. 2

Sauromates III, 607, 611, 632

Sauromates IV, 608, 609, 611 Sauromatus, 526, 527, 604, 608

Scale-armour, v. armour

Scalps, 83, 223 f. 126 Scarab, 298 Add., 452 n. 1

Scarabeoid, 412

Sceptre, 218 Add., 384, 434

trKijTrToDxot, 460

Schiefner, A., refutes Mongolian etymologies, 40, 98 n. 7

Schlangenweib, 166 f. 54

Schmidt, H., makes Cimmerians Thracian, 41 ; on neolithic pottery, 134 n. 1, 141 n. 1

Schmidt, W. A. S., on Kelts at Olbia, 125 Schnurkeramik, 132

School, 613 c^oipiafa, 461

Schreiber, Th., 397 n. 7, 404, 406 n. 2

Schubin, coins from, 440, 484

Schulz, D., excavates Kelermes, 71, 222

Schiirer, E., 620 n. 5, 622

Schwartz, A. N., on metal reliefs, 284 n. 4, 394; on glazed jug, 354 n. 1

Scilurus, zz?, 443, 463, 491, 501, 518:

advice to his sons, 95 ; rules Tauri, 101:

coins of, 119, 448, 486, 487, 492; with waggon, 50. 4

Sciri, 124—126, 461

Scoloti, 43, 112 n. 1 ; not the same as royal Scyths, 44 Scopas, 61, 179, 296, 328, 394, 428

Scopasis, Sc. king, 116

Scopuli, 14

Scordisci, 126

Scostoces, 123, 487

Scribonius, 590, 592—594, 611 Sculpture, 292 f. 208, 295—joy

Sctlmbria, 6

Scylax, Periplus ascribed to, date, 25, 118

Scyles, 116, 458, 478, 484:

attracted by Greece, 84, 90, 206 ; marriage, 84, 95 ; death, 84 ; palace, 264, 298

Scylla, 378, 379, 393

Scymnus, Periplus ascribed to, date, 25

Scyphus, 221

Scyros, 285, 358

Scythae Amyrgii, 112

Scythae Metoeci, I. zoy, 108

Scythae Satarchae, 127

Scythe, 242 f. 150, 244, 246, 247 f. 162

Scythes, eponymous hero, 43 :

figure labelled, 54 f. 8, 55

Scythia, Maps I. IV. V. IX.:

Archaeology, 130—260 :

Ethnology,.35—114 :

Geography, bibliography, 33, 34 ; boundaries, 27 ; coast-line, 9—25 ; interior according to Herodotus, 26—34, Map V. ; physical, 1—7 ; square, Map IV., according to Krechetov, 32 f. 3 :

History, 115—127; invasions, of Darius, 116, from E., 117, from W., 122

Scythia Asiatica, VI. 114, 118

Scythia Parva, 118

Scythian used geographically = belonging to Scythia or Scythians, passim; used loosely= Scythic when no certain distinction can be drawn, passim :

market in view of Greek traders, 287 but see Add., supplied with ready-made goods, 291

Scythians, i.e. men of Scythia whatever their race or culture, 35; even in late times, 98, 118; biblio­graphy of, 98—100:

early empire in Asia, 36; allies of Assyria against Medes and Egypt, 42 ; in Hebrew prophets, at Ascalon and Beth-Shean, 42 :

legends of origins, 43, 44 :

figures of in Greek art, 53—58 ff. 8—10; from Memphis, 44 Add. f. o ; often uncertain, 56, 286 ; in Persian art, 59—61 ff. 12, 13; from Scythia mostly Greek, 158 f. 45, 161, 162 ff. 48, 49, 169 f. 62, 182 f. 75 bis, 197 f. 90, 201 f. 94, 202—204 ff. 97—99, 284, 288; in lead, 374:

Scythians (contd)

Mithridates and, 586, 588 ; prudery of, 2S4 ; rela­tions with Creeks, 439; slaves, 440 ; vegetarians, 44 Add. ; wars with Bosporus, 577, 606

Scythic (Sc.), used ethnologically= belonging to Scyths proper (textiles, 210, 212 f. 1 13, 335 337 f. 244, v. 2; torques, 206; “twists," 208 f. to6, 2 10, 395 ; vases, 210

Seven Tongues, 109

Severus, Alexander, 448, 449, 468 and Add., 469, 486 Severus, Septimius, 446, 468, 469, 486, 633 Shah-poh-lioh Khan, 95

Shakhmatov, A. zU, 535 n. 1, 536 Shaman idols, 257 and z\dd., 258 f. 182

Sha-mo, i 113

Shan-si, I. 113

Shan-yu (Zenghi), 92

Shan Zhung, 91

Shcherbanevka, area, 133 f. 28; figurines, 136 f. 30; pottery, 135 f. 29

Sheaths, Persian, 59 f. 12 ; of Scythic daggers, 6.V 72, 164 f. 53, 165. 171 ff. 65—67, 202, 203 f. 98, 221, 222, 236, 239 f. 147, 254, 255 f. 173; from Romny, 186 f. 79; Tanais, 270 f. 186, 567; Tomakovka and Vettersfelde, 71, 158 f. 45,236, 265

Sheep, 49, 182, 210; cf. mutton

Shell, 64. 399

Shen-si, 1. funeral at, 89 Shen-tu, misreading for Ven-tu (India), 121 n. 8 Shestakov, S. P., xxxit, 530 sqq.

Shield, 73, 221 ; boss, 386; oval, 56 f. 10, 506 n. 9, 507 f. 339’> shewn, 200 f. 93, 317 f. 227 ; ornaments, 203 f. 98, 222, 226 f, 129

Shih-ki, i2i n. 8, 129 n. 4 Shimardan Cove, HI. 22 Ship-master, 464, 524, 624

Shoe, 336 n. 1 ; -sole as ring-bezel, 405, 430. 431 f. 321 Shpola, I. 175, 177, 348

Shuck burgh, E. S., 34

Si-’an-fu, 114 n. 3

Siberia, 173, 240—233, ²5+> ²⁽’¹—^2X2:

axes, 243—245 IT. 151 —158; bottle. 409 n. 1 1 ; “cash" knife, 242 f. 150, 245 ff. 153—155. 247 ff. 164, 165; cauldrons, 80, 244: copper and bronze age, 241 248; daggers, 249 ff. 169—171; gold work from, -57> -7'—tf· '88—204 ^an,l Add. ; iron age, 248—253; masks, 390 n. 13:

style of, 182, 187, 224, 230, 232 236, 241—253 f. 172, 254, 257, 261, 262, 264, 266, 267:

tombs, 241 — 253; shewing burning, 94 n. 3, 252; towns, 105 ; travellers in, 253 n. 1

Sibirskij, Pr. A. A., xxxiii, 583—585, 591 n. 4 Sicily, tomb-paintings, 316; vases exported to, 341 Sidon, coffins from, 322; mask, 390 n. 13 Sidones, 120

Sieg, E., and Siegling, \V., too

Siege-tactics, 497, 499

Sien-pi. E. Mongol', 91; assimilate linns. 48 n. 1, 92, 114 n. 3, 122

Sigbjorn, 536

Sigma-shaped bows, 66

Sigtuna. 538

Sigynnae, 1 /02; horses of, 49

Μ.

90

Silenus, 346, 355, 358

Silk, 336, 538

Silphium, 343 f. 249

Silver, not used by Scyths (Her.), 88; but found in Sc. tombs, 155, 161, 167, 168 Add., 172, 177, 179, 180, 196399., ²°6; ^21o> ²>6—232, ²^9, 288, 382, 383; only in later Siberian, 250 :

cups shaped like Kul Oba vase, 180, 186 f. 79, 197 f. 90, 198 f. 91, 200 f. 93 and Add., 287, 288, 383:

early and oriental, 382, 383 ; Greek, 382—386, 430— 434 ff. 321, 325; Byzantine, 386 and Add.; Sas- sanian, 105, 257

Simurg, 280

Sinae Metropolis, 114 n. 3

Sindhu not same as Yen-tu, I. 121 n. 8

Sindi, IX. 23, 123, 128, 57$—577, 580; coins, 632, Pl IX. 25—27

Sindica, IX. 8, 17

Sindicus Portus, III. 22—24, 570

Sindzherli, deer from, 263 n. 7

Sinjavka (Don), 567

Sinjavka (Kiev), IX. headdress, 58, 192 f. 84

Sinjiikha, R. (Exampaeus?), IX. 28

Sinope, I. 519, 524, 593, 604, 626, 627; Agrippa at, 593:...

amphorae, 360 ; fishing at, 6; under Cimmerians, 42, 115; tile from, 360 n. 2; founding of, 439; Sarapis, 603; siege of, 464, 587:

coins, 516; restruck, 593, 630; types of, 360, 477, 484, 630

Sinopeus, 573

Sipylene, Mater, 516 n. 6

Siraci, IX. 120, 128, 597, 598, 606

Siren, 331, 346, 348 n. 1, 373 f- 276, 380, 381, 396 f. 290, 397, 4²4_/f-3^I4

Si rot in a Moglla, 152

Sistan, 112, 113 n. 3

Sitalces, 86

Sittaceni, 128

Sivash, IX. 3, 16, 17

Slverskaja, IX. 215, 362, 403; coins, 584, 585

Six-month Sleepers, 109

Sizyges, I. 114 n. 3

Skadovskij, G. L., at Berezan, 338, 452 n. 1; palaeo­lithic finds, 131 n. 4

Skeletons, dancing, 355, 356 f. 262 ‘

Skinned foes, 83, 93

Skorpil, V. V., xxxiii; Hygiaenon, 581, 583—586; letters, 466; Nymphaeum, 560, 561; tamgi, 318 n. 1 ; tiles, 573, 580

Skrine, F. H., 92 n. 2

Skubetov, M. I., 498 n. 2, 502 n. 10

Sk'udra, 112 n. 1

Skulls, from Chertomlyk, 46 ; from Smela, 47 :

deformed, 47 n. 4 ; Finnish, 47; red skeleton and Scythian, 145 n. 5 ; of Slavs, 47, 145 n. 5; wanting, 173 n. 6; extra, 175:

cups, 81, 83 f. 26; among Hiung-nu, 92, 93; Tibetans and Issedones, 110

'SKvQoravpwv Xlfii)», IX. 19

Slaves, buried with master, 88, 89 ; ditch of, 31 ; among Scythians, 84 ; trade in, 438, 440

Slavonic inscr. Cherson, 514

Slavs, 35, 36, 124; supposed to be kin to Scyths, 98; alphabet, 533; brachycephaly of modern, 47, 145 n. 5 ; descendants of Neuri, 102 ; first seat of, 103 ; missions to, 533; transition to graves of, 192

Sling-stones, 73

Slip-ware, 357 f. 263, 568

Slonovskaja Bliznitsa, 152; “standards,” 78

Smalt, 430

Smela, IX. Ct Bobrinskoj’s excavations near, 175 n. 1 — 193 ff. 70—85 ; objects from near, 62—82 ; goro- dishcha near, 52 n. 3, 175

Smice, 361

Smirnov, I. N., on Finns, 106

Smirnov, J. I., xxxiii, 345 ; on bottles, 409 ; bitnchuki, 78 ; Permian plate, 257 n. 4

Smith, Sir C., on Ephesus ivories, 260 f. 182 bis, 263 Smyrna, 626; terra-cotta from, 368; treaty, 516 n. 6 Snail design, 267 f. 184

Snake, 6, 103 ; water-, 105 n. 5 :

as bracelets, 402, 405 ; handle, 381; rings, 401 f. 294, 410, 427 f. 318; snake and bow on ring, 66 n. 7, 323, 414, 427 f. 318

Soanes, I. 24, 129

Societies, Religious, 301, 482, 558, 612, 616, 620—625 Sogdi, dress of, 61

Sogdiana, I. 92; name, 39

Sogus, 608, 609, 625

Soldaia = Sudak, 558

Sollerets, 74

Sopaeus, 573

Soracus, 613 ; “catacomb,” 319—321 f.231; Totenmahl, 304, 321 f. 231

Sosias, hero, 481

σωτήρ, σώτειρα, 361, 476, 545, 6o8, 612, 616, 621 Sow, 208 f. 106, 210, 265, 413

Soza, 597

Spade, 153

Spanish troops, 525 n. 1, 545

Spargapises, Massageta, 102 n. 3, 487

Spargapithes, Scythian King, 116:

the Agathyrse, 40, 102 :

name, 39, 487

Sparta, 619, 626:

fibula from, 215 n. 1; ivories, 263; reliefs, 304

Spartocid dynasty, 293, 296, 570—583, 591 ; table of, 58.D

titles of, 572, 580, 581, 627:

coins, 583—586, 627, 628, 632

Spartocus I, 206, 570—572, 583

*Spartocus II, 571

Spartocus II, 57', 57²> 577, 583

Spartocus III, 571 n. 5, 572, 575, 580, 583

Spartocus IV, Paerisadis, 581, 583

Spartocus V (?), 581—583:

coin of, 584—586, 629, 632

Spatharius, 543

Spatharocandidatus, 533, 543

Spears, 68, 152, 170, 173, 174 f. 70, 175—177, 182, 187, 190.f. 82, 196, 206, 221, 222, 223, 226, 228, 232, 244, 251 f. 172, 257, 313 f. 223, 506 n. 9> 5°7 ^f· 339’ 547 i spearman, 548

Specht, E., Central Asia, 92 n. 2

Speirarcha, 614 n. 4

Sphaerus, 465, 626

Sphinx, 157, 158 f. 45, 170, 199 f. 92, 208 f. 106, 264, 266, 291, 344 f. 250, 378, 392 f. 288, 397—401 f. 294, 411 f. 298, 412, 427 f. 318

Spiegel, Fr., on Scyths, 99 n. 3

Spindle, 430, 433

Spink, C·, 406, 421

Spinning whorls, neolithic, 132; Scythic, 180

Spiral, bracelets, 217 f. 119, 401 f. 294, 102; Greek, 324—326 ff. 234—236; 391 f. 287; Hallstatt, 41; Scythic, 174 f. 70, 176, 223; Siberia, 242 f. 150, 244 f. 152, 262 ; Tripolje, 135 f. 29, 138 f. 32, 139—Hi

Spireon Stoma, IX. 13

Spitsyn, A. A., baby, 240 n. 3; Chud antt., 257 n. 3 ; earthworks, 146 n. 4; Goths, 282 n. 2; Hallstatt, 441 n. 1 ; La Tene, 125, 126, 259 n. 2 ; majdans, 148 n. 1 ; Melgunov, 172 n. 1 ; Merja, 104 n. 2 ; phalerae, 155 n. 1, 215 n. 3; Siberian gold work, 253; red skeletons, 143 n. 1

Spodusa, 17

Sponge, 210

Spoon, 157, 177, 206, 2 16, 384—j86, 420, 434

Square faced lieasts, not as p. 5, the Tarandus, but others, 105 n. 5

Square, Scythian, Map IV. and 27, 106; Krechetov’s, •V f· 3. 33

Srkulj, S., 53J 11. 1, 537 Stabornament, 375, 385 Stand of clay, 135 f. 29, 351

Standard, monetary, 448, 483—487, 547, 559, 561, 631—632

Standards, 316 f. 226, 317 f. 227; among Turks, 94:

Seythic (?), 77, γ3, 154 *ϊ· 4°> ■»·> ¹⁶5> >86 6 79,

Stanislas-Julien on Tou-kiue, 90 n. 2

Stanisldv, Cape, IX. 453

Stanitsa, meaning of, 222 n. 1

Star, coin type, 549, 559, 602, 629, 630, 633 Staraja Buda, 134 n. 1

Starobelsk, IX. 173 11.3, 403 Starotitorovka, III. 409 11. 11 Stasov, V. V., on “catacombs,” 308 n. 4, 315 sqq. Statues, 295—298 :

Chersonese, 526—530, 536; Olbia, 468; as rewards, 472 ; represented on coins, 477, 544, 550 ; Sc. have no cult, 85, or sepulchral statues, 239, 240 Statuettes, bronze, 381, 386; cf. figurines, terra-cottas Stavropol govt, IX. neckring from, 63; Paithian coin, 232 11. 7

Stein, II., 34, 99 n. 5

Stein, Sir M. A., 100, 110, 114 n, 3

Stelae, sepulchral, 295, 298—305 ff. 212—217, 625; painted, 306 f. 219; with lamgi, 318 n. 1

Stempkovskij, 564, 620 11. 5

Stephane, 392, 393; heads wearing, 396 f. 290, 398, 428

στιφανηφορων, 526 11. 5

Stephani, L., on amphorae, 358 n. 8; Bliznitsa, 423; Chertomlyk bowcase, 284 ; coffins, 328, 333 ζ crowns, 388; cylices, 382; Mithridates Vlll, 597 n. 2; oriental gems, 410 n. 10; plialerae, 155 n. 1 ; pots, 338 sqq. ; textiles, 335 ; twists, 394

Stephen, S., of Surozh, 533 Stephen of Ilungaiy, 537 Stepmothers married Scyths, 84 ; Turks, 95 ; Mongols,

95 n. 2

Steppe, of Northern Asia, 1

Steppe, South Russian, / sqq. ; fauna, 5, 6 ; flora, 6, 7 Stern, E. R. von, Akkerman, 446, 449; Berezan, 452; ceramic finds in S. Russia, 82, 338 n. 1 sqq., 444; graffiti, 361 ; Heuresibius inscr., 420; inlaid jewels, 282 11. 2 ; neolithic pots from Petreny, 134 11. 1, 135, 141 ; Olbian tomb 1891^420 n. 7; Old Chersonese, 497, 498; Theodosia, 339 n. 11, 555—559; toys, 370 Add.; watercolour vases, xxxiii

Stesichorus, 14

Stewart, Mrs H. F., drawing of “Pontic” Vase, 53 n. 4, 55; of lecane, p. 341 f. 247

Stirrups, 75, 250, 277

Stlengis, 392, 426, 428 f. 319, 430

Sto mogfl (Olbia), IX. 15, 450

Στοά ποικίλη, 286

Stone, lack of, 7, 146; age, 130—145; box for vase, 380 f. 283; cairn, 241 ; dishes, 82 ; precious, v. jewels; rectangles on graves, 241 ; vault, v. vault ; wedge as pendant, 398 n. 11

Stone Barrow, 151, 224

Stone Tower, I. 114 n. 3 Store jars, 360, 457

Storks, 289

Strabo, gives new accounts of Danube-mouths, 13 ; of Sc. invasion of Darius, 116; of Sarmatia, 120, 121; on Asander, 592; Chersonese and environs, 495—498, 521 ; Panticapaeum, 564; 1'0101110,5940.7 Strahlcnkamm, 288

Strainer, 383 f. 284

Strap-ends, pattern on, 318 11. 1

Strategus, Bosporau, Ac., 614, 625; Byzantine at Chcrsoii, 53-. 53,5. 54 J 5431 Olbian, 298, 465, 469, 474, 476, 481, 482; 1 anaite, 615; Ti*xa>'d79· ’OJ f· 96, 219 f. 122, 283; made also for Gieeks, 291

Stroganov Collection, 257

Stiyjkowski, 539 11. 7

Sturgeons, 6 ; on coins, 629

Style, unsafe criterion of coins, 583

Siian, Emperor, 91

Subsidy, 605, 608

Sudak (Sugdaea), IX. 19, 533, 539, 558; name, 39 Sugdaea, IX. 19, 532

Sukhum Kale, I. 9, 24; v. Dioscurias

Sula, R., IX. 180, 187

Sulina mouth of Danube, IX. 11—13

Sumer-Akkadian, 99

Sun-god, v. Helios

Suruchan, 1. K., collection, xxxvi, 356

Survival of plate, 383; jewelry, 408, 410, 413

Susa, dish from, 215 11. 2; jewelry from, 63, 254, 257, 271 6 187

Susa (Portus), 528

Siislik, 6

Svanetia, 24, 129

Svardeni, 11 n. 1

Svjatoslav, 534

Swan, 397, 398 f. 291

Swastika, 628

Swedish inscr., 453

Swine, not used by Scythians, 49, but 182

Swords (v. daggers), Aldoboly, 69 f. 18; Greek, 206, 208 f. 106, 507 f. 339; Seythic, 6S—72, 163 IT. 51, 52, 165, 172668, 173 n. 7, 177, 182, 186679, 187, 202, 206, 221, 222, 229, 231, 236, 266; bronze, 189 6 81 ; iron with curls, ib.; on vase paintings of nomads, 53, 54 6 8, 56

Sword-worship, 71, 86

Syagrus Tower, 506

Symbolon Portus, VIII. 18 f. 1, 496—498, 519, 528 Symeon, 534

Symeon Bolgarus, 534 avp.p.i'ip.ovis, 520, 542

Sympheropol, IX. 119, 258 f. 181, 274, 304 avvayorybi, 301 6 214, 621, 623, 624

Synagogue, 622 11. 1

‘Synges, 609 awdeiaaeiTai, 625 auwairrai, 361

i'o3c129 11. 4

Tauri, IX. 101, 127, 495—497. 518—520, 523, 555. 577. 579- 586, 606:

Goddess of (?), 523 n. 7, 543; reliefs of (?), 304; wreckers, 101, 598

Taurida Govt, IX., includes Crimea q. v. and mainland, 3*.

Taurisci, 101, 123

Ταιφοπόλοί, 516 n. 6, 543

Tauroscythae, 101, 119, 127, 469

Taxacis, Sc. underking, 116

Tax-farmer, 462

Ta-Yiian (Farghana), I. 121, 129 n. 4

v. Forts

Teima, 617 n. 16

TEIMAI, 599, 600

Teiranes, Ti. Julius, 608, 609, 611, 612

Teklino, IX., spirals from, 41

Telephus, 364

Tell Racheff, 134 n. 1

Teniarinda (Maeotis), 85

Temir Gora, IX. (near Bulganak, III.), 338

Tempera vases, 348, cf. xxxiii

Temples:

Bosporan, 295, 566, 569:

Chersonese, 506, 544, 545:

Olbian, 467, 468 and Add. 476—481: unknown among Scythians, save those of Ares, 85 Temple-ornaments, 62, 179, 195 f. 88, 202, 291, 393, 394, 426 f. 316; cf. earrings

Temrjiik, 111. 21, 206, 584; Temrjuk Settlement, 21 Tendra (Δρόμοί Άχιλλέωί), IX. 4, 14—16, 465 11. 8, 481

Tenedos, 463

Tenginskaja, 230

Tents, Bosporan, 51, 311—313 f. 223; Sarmatian, 51; carried on carts, Scythic, 51, 52, Kirgiz, Tartar and Mongol, 51, 52 f. 7, 109; Argippaei, 109

Teos, 24, 516, 570, 618, 632

Teres the Thracian, 86, 116

Teretsa, IX. 12

Terlecki, Dr I. A., 584

Ternava, Gt, IX. 259 n. 2

Terra-cottas, çÜç—374 ff. 265—270, 415, 458, 556: architectural, 295; man in hood, tunic and trousers from Kerch, 56 f. 10; moulds for, 364—367, 454

Tesserae, 335

Teutonic (“Gothic” q.v.) jewelry, 281—282

Textile, 157, 179, 210, 212 f. 113, 269, 335—337 ^f- ²44’· patterns in frescoes, 308, 316

Thagimasadas (Poseidon), 85

Thagura, Thaguri, Thagurus Mons, VI. 111 n. 1, 114 n- 3

Thamimasadas (Poseidon), 85

Thapsis, R., 579 n. 1

Thasos, amphorae from, 196 f, 359, 360, 441, 553: coins, 470, 487, 516

Thateis, 128, 577—579

Thates, R., 578, 579

0ea, ptyaX'Q, 619; σωτεΐρα, 021

Theatre, 459, 465, 468, 626

Theiss, R., I. 28; lazyges upon, 121, 124

Theme, 533

Themiscyra, 8

Theniistus Themisti, 526 11. 5

Theocles Satyri, 469 11. 1, 470, 481 ; crowned, 388 Theocritus, 386

Theodore of Studium, 533

Theodosia, IX. 4, 19, 442, 516, 527, 334—360, 576, 580, 589, 608, 609, 613, 627; view, 554 f. 341; plan, 557 f. 342:

harbour, 4, 556; site, 19, 555, 556; name, 39, 101, 555 ; Caffa, 443, 527, 558, 559:

archons, 557, 576; deities, 361, 558; prefect of, 558,

Theodosia (contd)

609, 612, 613; religious society, 621, 623; revolts against Mithridates, 520, 521, 558, 588; siege, 556, 572, 574: trade, 556, 572-575

abecedaria, 361 ; glazed pots, 357, 515; graffiti, 361, 556, 558; jewelry, 63, 169, 291, J97—401 f 2144, 410 11. 7; sculptures, 296, 298; terra-cottas, 363, 364. 556, 558; vases 339—341:

coins, 555, 559, 628, Pl. IX 4—7:

ditch near, 557, 592 n. 4

Theodosius, 504, 532

Theonas, 504 n. 8, 531

Theophanes, 506, 533, 622 n. 1 Theophilus Imp., 533, 542

Theophrastus, on beasts, 5, 105 n. 5; on plants, 7, 615 n. 12

Theophylact, on Turkish religion, 85 Oeir, ό, 528

0e0s δίκαιοί, 62 i

θίδί έπήκοοί, 468 Add., 62 I—624

θιδί ίδιοί, 61 2

θιδί μί^αί, $66, 618

θιδί Σίβαστδί, 524 η. 5, cf. 598 η. 7

θιδί Τησμαϊ?, 621 η. 15

Θ(δί ϋψιστοί, 621

Theran vases, 33^s

Thermae, v. baths

Thermodon, R., 1. 8

Thessalonica, 521 n. 3

Thessaly, barrows in, 435 11. 1 ; neolithic pottery, 134 and Add.

Thetis, 287 Add., 394, 397, 479, 481 η. 14

Thiagola, IX. 13, 14 θιάννια, 579 n. 1 θιαννΐτΐί, $787

T'ouman, 92

Tower, 454, 461, 462, 467, 468, 499 506 If. 335, 337, 569

Town-crier, Olbia, 472

Towns, Scythian, 52; wooden, 105

Toxamis, 53, 54 f. 8

Toxaris, 53

Toys, 50, 51 if. 5, 6, 369, 370 and Add.

Trade, 43S 444, 445, 446, 458, 459. 465, 493, 538, 556, 558, 572 576

Trade-Route, China, 114 11. 3, 443; North Easterly, 106 —114, 264; up Volga, 105; Permian, 257, 260

Trajan, 449, 469, 470, 523, 604; his vallum, 41

Tralles, 594

Transliterations, xxi—xxiii

Transoxiana, I. 92, no, 121, 129 n. 4

Transylvania, I. 28, 102; gold, 7, 117,438, 441; mirrors from, 65 n. 5; neolithic pottery, 133, 134 n. 1

Trapezus, I. Empire of, 539; fishing at 6; foundation of, 439> 569

Trapezus, Mt, IX. 19 f. 2

Trappings, v. horse, /y—77

Traspies, 43

Treasurer, Bosporan, royal, 612, 613; society, 624, 625; Chersonesan, 542

Treasury, Olbia, 461, 474; sacred, 463, 474

Trees, lack of on steppe, 3; grow in river valleys and in Crimea, 3, 7 ; retreat of, 15 n. 2

Trench, city, 454, cf. ditch, vallum

Treres, 41, 53, 115

Triballi, 12, 118, 123

Tribes, split, 103 n. 7

Tribute, 520, 586, 605, 609; to Scythians, 592

Trident on coins, 448, 584, 585, 597, 600, 633 Tpioii'Kiv IraXiKip, 526 n. 3

Tripod, 630

Tripoli, tomb near, 320 n. 1

Tripolje, IX., culture, 130, /jy—/42 ff. 28—34, 134 Add., 147, 437; copper axe, 136 f. 30

Triton, 238 f. 146, 264, 298, 346, 367, 385, 386 Troglodytes in Caucasus, 129

Trogus Pompeius, early history of Scythians, 36

Trousers, 53—56, 57—61 ff. 8, 10, 12, 13, 316, 317 f. 227, 369, 467

Troy, blocked Euxine, 438; sacked by Goths, 126

Tryphaena, Antonia, 590, 597, 604

Tryphon, dedication of, 304 f. 218, 369

Tsaritsyn portage, I. 30, 104, 107

Tsarskaja, dolmen, IX. 146 f. 37

Tsarskij Kurgan (Royal Barrow), III. 194’ff. 86, 87;, 563 f. 343

Tsdta, 402.

Ts‘in Dynasty, 91, 92, 121

Tsukur, L., III. 423, 573

Tsvetno, majdan at, IX. 147, 148 f. 38

Tsymbalka Barrow, IX. 152, /67; armour-scales, 74; horses’ frontlets, 75, 166 ff. 54, 55, 269, 283, 291

Tubicen, 525 n. 1

Tudun, 532, 543

Tugdam mi, 42

T‘u-huo-lo (Tukhara, Tochari, q.v.) I. no, 121, 129 n. 4: head-dress, 97, no n. 2, 277; polyandrous, 93, iton. 2

Tu-kin Shan, 95

T‘u-kiie (Turks q.v.),. 578, 580

Tyras (river), IX. v. Dnestr

Tyras (town), IX. 4, 13, 14, 445—4491. 329, 458, 465, 469, 470, 525 n. 6:

coins, 447, 448 f. 329 bi!, 486, 487, 585, Pl. I.: destroyed by Goths, 126; Mithridates and, 586: negress·head, 381; statue from, 298; stele, 303 Tyritace, III. 20 Tyritae, IX. 31, 445 rvp6s, 100

Tyszkiewicz ibex, 265 n. 2 ; jewelry, 386 n. 10 sqq. Tzetzes quotes from Arimaspea, 112

Ufa, I. 107 Ugrians, 107, 108 Uigurs (Kao-che), I. 91, 100; alphabet, 280; conquer

Turks, 90, 92, 93.

Ukert, F. A., 33 Ulpian, 555

Ulpii, 613; tomb of, 318

Ulskij Barrow, IX. 142 Add., 153, 227, 228 f. 130; early vase from near, 339; figurines and waggons, 370 n. 3 Ulysses, 285, 436, 437

Umrikhino (Kursk IX.), palaeolithic finds, 130 n. 2 Undercut grave, 417 ff. 306, 307, 421

Unit, Scythic, 228 Uplostsikhe, 129 n. 1

Ural Mts, I. 107, 113 n. 3, 257; gold, 7, exaggerated 44i, 631

Ural River (Lycus?), I. 30, 122

Uralo-Altaic peoples, classification of, 48 n. 1, 99, 252 Urartu (Ararat), 42, 144 Add.

Urgi, 120, 121 Uspe, 597 Ust-Labinskaja, IX. 232, 235 n. 1, 277 n. 2, 378, 409 Utljuk liman, IX. 17

Uvarov, Ct A. S. (Ouvaroff, Uwarow), xxv, xxxiii, Basilica, 295, 506, 509—511 f. 340, 525; Collection of, cup in, 235 and Add., 409 n. 10, coins in, 661 : Koblevka, 14; Merja, 104 n. 2; Olbia, 14, 420 n. 4, mask from, 39011. 13, relief, 304 n. 2: Recherches, 390 n. 13; Stone Age, 130, 131; Znamenka, 16 n. 2

Uvarov, Countess P. S. 259 n. 4, 381 n. 16

Uzbegs, physical type, 46 Uzboi, I. 31

Uzi, 539

Uzunlar L. III. 20

Vacquier, P. 119, 492, 569 Vaison, 525

Valens Imp., 504, 532 Valentinian III, coin in “catacomb,” 320; indication,

385, 390 n. 6...

Valerian, coin, 470; indication, 390 n. 6 Valerius Maximus, 525

Valerius Flaccus, on Hylaea, 15; on Neuri, 103 Vallum, Asander’s, 16 n. 6, 20, 592; Roman on Danube,

IX. 14; Panticapaean, 200, 562 f. 344, 572; Perekop, 16, 592; Scythic, 146—148; Slaves’ Ditch, 31; Theodosia to Arabat, IX. 19, 557, 592; Trajan’s, 41; Uzunlar to Hadzhibey, IX. 20, 572 Value-marks on coins, 602, 633 Vambery, A. on Scyths, 99 n. 8 Vannius allied with lazyges, 121

Vardanes, R., 11 1111. i

Variags (Varangians), 29, 453, 534 537

Varna, I. instr, from, 119 n. 3

Varvakion, 393

Vase-earrings, 395—397 f. 290; pendants, 195 f. 88, 217 f· i>9, 393, 394, 399—401 f. 294, ₄26f. 316, 427 f. 318 Vase-painter, Scythian, 55

Vases, Greek, v. pots: with barbarian figures, 53—56 if. 8, 9

Vasic, M., neolithic culture in Serbia, 134 n. 1 and Add. Vasiliev (now Vasilkov), 536

Vasilkov, IX., dagger from, 177; lion-head from, 78, '77· '93 f- 8?, 263, 266

Vasjurin hill, III. 268; frescoes, 307

Vasudeva, 47

Vault, Stone, “Egyptian,” 169, 170 f. 64, 194 -200 ff. 86, 87, 89, 294, 323, 425, 429; true, 417-420 IT. 308, 309, 454

Vedius Threptus, S2 r n. 2

Veil, 161

Venetians, 154 n. 1, 443, 446, 558

Verbovka, IX. (Kiev), engraved stones, 146 Verebrjusov, S. I. 360, 636

Veremje, IX., area, 133 I. 28; pottery, 135 f. 29, 136 f. 130

Vergilitis Aephnidius, 627

Verkhne-dneprovsk, IX., bits from, 76, 191 f. 83 Verkhne-udinsk, 1., plate from, 266, 275 f. 197 Vernyj, I. 240 n. 3

Vcrus, I,., intaglio, 414

Veseldvskij, N. I., 155 Add., 169; excavations, along Kuban, 58, 143 and Add., 223—232 and Add., 370 n. 3; on Kamennya Baby, 239, 240; at Tanais, 568 Vespasian, 523, 598 n. 7, 600, 602 ; indication, 333 Vessels, of clay, v. pots; Greek in Sc. use, 81, 82 metal of Greek make in Sc. tombs, 150, i6t, 173, 179, 180, 182, 187, 196, 198 f. 91, 200 f. 93 and Add., 204, 206, 210, 216, 219, 224, 230—232; Scythic, 79 —82

Vettersfelde, 150, 236—2jg if. 145—148, 264, 265, 441: amulet, 64; armring, 64 ; breastplate, 73, 237 f. 145; dagger, 71, cf, 158 f. 45, 265; earring, 62 n. 6, 239 f. 148, 265, 394; fish, 238 f. 146, 260, 264; neck-ring, 63; sheath, 71, 239 f. 147, 265, 270, 402; shield, 73; style of things, 264, 265; sword, 70; whetstone, 73, 237 f. 145

Vettulenus Cerialis, 523

Vexillatio, 523, 525

Vicennalia, 385

Vilkov, IX. 12

Vine, 5, 360, 495, 517

Vine-pattern, 314 f. 224, 315, 362, 385, 424 f. 314, 512 Virchow, R., on Koban, 259 n. 4

Virgin, B.V.M., v. Mary:

deity of Chersonese, 475, v. Maiden

Vitjazevo, III. 324, 422 n. 4

Vitruvius, 456, 457

Vjdtka, R., I. 104

Vladimir, at Chersonese, 532—538; baptism, 509, 510, 537· 53^s; church of, 493 f. 333, 498 n. 2, 510, 511 f. 340; siege, 506 :

University of = Kiev, xxviii

Vlakh, 103

Vodjanoe, IX. 259 n. 2

Voevddskij, L. E. 34

Vogell Collection, 339 n. 6 sqq., 356

Voguls, 1. 107, 108; horse-burials, 91 ; sacrifices, 86; sword-worship, 71; soul waits forty days, 91, 106 Voitinas Collection, 338, 452 n. 1

Volcanoes, 20, 22, 619

Volga, I. ( = Oarus, 30, Rha, 30 n. 2, Araxes, 30 n. 5, 113 n. 3), sturgeons, 6; mouth of unknown to ancients, 10; supposed to flow into Maeotis, 30 n. 3; trade along, 104, 105

Volkov, Th. K., 130 n. 1, 131, 134 n. 1

Volkdvtsy, IX. iSj 187 II. 76 79; plan, 183 f. 76; armlet; 64; buckles, 184 i. 77 ; cup, 81, 186 f. 79, 287; fish, 184 f. 77; goigoncia, 184 f. 77, 260; gorytus, 67, 68; helmet, 74, neckrmg, 1K4 f. 77; ribbon, 184 f. 77; stand.nds, |8'6 I. 79; sword, 70; trappings of bridle, 75 n. 4, 185 f. 78, 267, 269, 283, 291

Voronezh, IX., Govt i, 31; be. finds, 173; cup like Kul Oba v.ise, 200 Add.

Vordnezhskaja, 223, 228 11. 2

Vorskla, R., IX. 147

Vospro, 558, 569

Vostoclinaja, I. 244 i. 152

Votive-rings, 410, 414

Votjaks, 1., sacrifices, 86

Vozdvizhenskaja. IX. 22S 230 f. 131, cauldron, 80 n. 5, 230; red skeleton, 143. 228

Vulci, bowl from. 352; earring, 397 n. 15 Vyshe-stebleevka, III. 423

Wace, A. (. B., on barrows in Greece, 435 11. 1; Chcrtomlyk rase, 289 n. 2; Egyptian influence, 404; grotesques, 428 n. 5; neolithic culture·, 134 11. 1 and Adri.

Waggons, Scythian, yo—yj IT. 4 7, 370; toy, 370 and Add.; funeral, 50, 75, 87, 88, 153, 155; Greek, 51 n. ), 578, 579; Tai tar, 52 f. 7

Wake, 88, 94, 106

Waldhauer, O. on sculptures, 296 1111. 12, 15, 17

Waldstein, Sir C., 289 11. 2, 330 11. 7

Wallachia, 446

Walls, Asander's, 16, 592:

city, 294, 295; Olbia, 454, 461, 467; Chersonese, 498 —506 if. 334 338, 517, 532, 539; I’anticapaeuin, 564; Tanais, 568; Theodosia, 559

Walters, II. B., 56, 339 n. 14

War, Scythic customs in, 83

Warka, 422

Water-courses, 500, 502, 508, 535—537; supply, 508, 566 Watersnakes, 105 n. 5

Watzinger, C., on coffins 322 n. 1 sqq.; grave stelae, 295 11. 9, 299—305; Hellenistic pots, 350, 351, 384; shoes, 336 n. 1

Wax, 440

Weaving, Greek, 336; neolithic, 132; Siberian, 244; weights, 374

Wei- and Sui-shu on Huns, 122; T‘u-huo-lo, 110 11. 2, 1 29 n. 4

Weights, 374, 475, 483—485, 526 n. 3; Byz. 515; Russian, xxiii

Well, 452, 566, 569

Werewolves, 102

Westberg. Er., 30 n. 5, 34, 52 n. 2, 113 n. 3, 534 West-Scythians, v. Agricultural Scythians

Wheeler, J. T., 33

Whetstones, 7j>, 165, 171, 173, 177, 197 f. 90, 215, 221, 226, 229, 231, 236, 237 f. 145

Whips, Scythic, 77, 157, 161, 202

Wife, in Iseo lake-dwelling, T. E. Peet, Stone and Bronze Ages in Italy, v. 3, and a knife from Nordenford, Bavaria, in the

S curve. We see the same thing on a gem from the Crimea³. This tendency when carried further leads to designs like the plates from Karagodeuashkh (p. 219, f. 123) or Berestnjagi⁴; without looking into them one is not sure that animals are really intended, so far have they degenerated into mere deco­rative arrangements of curves. The deer from Ak-Mechet is tending this way, but on the other plate vegetable forms are taking the likeness of a snail. A more interesting example of this conventionalising of animal forms is shewn by certain horse trappings from Krasnokutsk⁵. Here the design most clearly foreshadows the northern European beast-style. Very similar are designs from Siberia⁶.

¹ ABC. XXXIV. 1 on p. 198. x. on p. 191 ; so Volkovtsy, p. 185, f. 78.

³ Ch. xi. § 13, f. 298, Furtwängler, Ant. p. 158.

Gentnten, xi. 26. ^B Radloff, Aus Sibirien, 11, p. 128, v. on p. 251,

⁴ Sm. in. xviii. 11, xix. 2 - Khanenko, n. 3, LX. XII. 1—6.

¹ The figures and inscription recall tomb paintings near Tripoli, Arch. Anz. 1904, p. 118.

² Cf. CR. 1873, p. xi; 1890, pp. 28, 29; 1894, p. 89, f. 148; 1907, p. 76, f. 63.

³ J. Strzygowski and N. V. Pokrovskij in Mat. VIII.

⁴ Sauagas seems actually to occur in losPE. 11. 49¹ (inf. App. 66), 389, Phaispharta, in a Christian

³ e.g. a fragment by Andren, Pharmacovskij,

Trans. Od. Soc. XVI. p. 14, Pl. 11. 1 ; a pelice,

Heracles crowned by Nike, von Stern, ib. xix.

p. 94, Pl. I.; CR. 1903, p. 47, f. 73, p. 157, f. 314,

² One from Olbia, BM. Jewellery, lxix. 3072.