Index
Note: Page numbers followed by “f ” indicate figures and “t” indicate tables.
A
Abacavir, 383
Abatacept, 902
Abciximab, 120t, 724
Abdominal compartment syndrome, 438
Abdominal infections, 506-509
Abiraterone, 808
Abscess, 475
brain, 482-483
diverticular disease, 662
lung, 503
perirectal, 660
peritonsillar, 495
retropharyngeal, 495
skin and soft tissue infections, 476
Absolute neutrophilia, 772
Absorbable carbohydrates, for hypoglycemia, 869
Abuse, transgender patients, 895
ABVD, 828
Acarbose, 856t
Accelerated hypertension, 77
Accelerated idioventricular rhythm, 137
Acebutolol, 63t
Acetaminophen, 380
overdoses, 1010-1014
Achalasia, 638, 640
AChR binding antibodies, 997
Acid-base disturbances, 425-433specific types
Acid-base status, hypokalemia, 412-413
Acidemia, 425
Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) microbiologic cultures, 470
Acidosis
lactic, 429, 849
metabolic, 1017, 1058
respiratory, 425, 432
Acid suppression, 641
Acquired C1 INH deficiency, 395
Acquired coagulation disorders, 728-731
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome See HIV/AIDS Acquired inhibitors, coagulation factors, 730-731 Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 716 Acromegaly, 889, 892-893
ACS See Acute coronary syndromes (ACS)
ACTH-secreting pituitary microadenomas, 886 Actinomyces infection, 515t-517t
Actinomycosis (Actinomyces), 523
Activated charcoal (AC), 1009
repeated doses, 1016
Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), 713
Activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC), 726 Active immunization, 1001, 1061
Acute ascending cholangitis, 658, 659
Acute bacterial endocarditis (ABE), 488
Acute bacterial prostatitis, 513
Acute bronchitis, 497-498
Acute chest syndrome (ACS), 766-767
Acute cholecystitis, 509, 658
Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, 652
Acute coronary reperfusion, 134-138, 135f, 138t
Acute coronary syndromes (ACS), 113-126
clinical presentation of, 114
definition, 113
diagnostic testing in, 114-115
epidemiology of, 113
etiology and pathophysiology of, 113-114 monitoring/follow-up in, 126 revascularization for, 125-126 therapeutic approach, 117f
treatment of, 116-126
Acute diarrhea, 631-632
Acute eosinophilic leukemia, 389
Acute gouty arthritis, 904, 906t
Acute heart failure, 168-170
Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions, 781
Acute HIV infection, 495
Acute hyperphosphatemia, 421
Acute hypertensive episodes, 5
Acute hyponatremia, 405
Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), 441
Acute intestinal pseudo-obstruction, 652
Acute kidney injury (AKI)
causes, 437t
in cirrhosis, 704-705
classification, 436
definition, 436
diagnosis, 441-442
etiology, 437
hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), 704-705
treatment, 443
Acute liver failure (ALF), 672, 699-701
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 822-823
Acute mesenteric ischemia, 664
Acute mitral regurgitation, 195
Acute moderate hypophosphatemia, 422
Acute monoarthritis, 909
Acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), 992
Acute motor conduction block neuropathy (AMCBN), 992
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 820-822
Acute painful episodes, in sickle cell disease, 767
Acute pancreatitis, 654-656
Acute pericarditis, 142, 183-184
Acute phosphate nephropathy, 635
Acute prostatitis, 511
Acute Q fever, 535
Acute rejection
heart, 615
kidney, 614-615
liver, 616
lung, 615
Acute renal failure (ARF), 26-27
Acute respiratory alkalosis, 433
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 245, 258-259
Acute rhinosinusitis, 496-497
Acute severe hypophosphatemia, 422
Acute spinal cord dysfunction, 986-989, 987t
Acute stent thrombosis, 140
Acute toxicity, 1034
Acute urticaria, 393
Acute vasodilator testing, pulmonary hypertension, 315
Acute viral hepatitis, 672
Acyclovir, 570, 636
for encephalitis, 482
for herpes simplex virus (HSV) meningitis, 481
solid organ transplantation, 613
varicella-zoster virus, 602
Addison disease, 883
Adenosine, 104, 212t
Adjunctive measures, functional gastrointestinal disorders, 651
Adjunctive medical therapy, 125
Adrenal crisis, 885
Adrenal failure, 883-886
Adrenal insufficiency, 24
#945;-Adrenergic antagonists, 65t, 69 #946;-Adrenergic antagonists, 63t, 109, 1037-1039
hypertension, 63t, 68-69, 74
for hyperthyroidism, 878
Advanced cardiac life support algorithms, 1085f-1087f Aducanumab, Alzheimer disease (AD), 963
Adverse drug reaction (ADR), 380-384specific drugs Aeromonas hydrophila, 475
#945;-Fetoprotein (AFP), 670
Aggressive lymphomas, 830
Aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphoma, 830
Aging
HIV/AIDS, 595-596
referral, 596
Agitation, 8, 1051
Agranulocytosis, 880
Airborne precautions, 1078
emergencies, 941-945
Airway management, 249-254
Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV), 257
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 669
Alarm symptoms, 637, 640
Albendazole, 605
for neurocysticercosis, 483
Albumin, 419
Albuminuria, 435, 459, 460, 862
Albuterol, 284t
Alcoholic cirrhosis, 682
Alcoholic hepatitis, 682
Alcoholic liver disease, 682-684
Alcohol withdraw al, 961
Aldolase, 330
Aldosterone antagonists, 125
Alemtuzumab, 612
Aliskiren, 64t
Alkalemia, 425
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 670
Allergens, 293
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), 521
Allergic reactions, transfusion, 782
Allergy(ies), 380-400
Allogeneic transplantation, 830, 832
Allopurinol, 907t
Alogliptin, 857t
Alosetron, 651
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, 351
Altered consciousness, 954-961
Altered mental status, 7-8
encephalitis, 482 heat stroke, 946
Alveolar ventilation, 425
Alvimopan, 634
intestinal pseudo-obstruction (ileus), 653
Alzheimer disease (AD), 961-963, 963t Amantadine, 499
Amaurosis fugax, 929
Ambrisentan, 316t
Ambulation, 2
Amebiasis, 506, 632
American Cancer Society (ACS), 794
American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), 18 Amikacin, 555
Amiloride, 65t
Aminoglycoside(s), 553-555, 996 for anaerobic myonecrosis, 477 extended-interval dosing, 553 nephrotoxicity, 440 obese patients, 554 ototoxicity, 555 for tularemia, 527
5-Aminosalicylates (5-ASA), 644 Aminotransferase, 673
Amiodarone, 214, 216t, 220t, 221, 230, 873, 877 Amlodipine, 63t, 316t
Amoxicillin, 380, 548
allergy, 381 lyme disease, 525 Amoxicillin-clavulanate, 503 animal bites, 535-536 for deceubitus ulcer, 476 diabetic foot ulcer, 476 human bites, 536 rhinosinusitis, 497 wild animal bites, 536
Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 548
Amphetamines, 1006, 1047-1048 Amphotericin B, 572, 636
Amphotericin B deoxycholate, 572 Ampicillin, 481, 548
Ampicillin-sulbactam, 503, 548
for acute cholecystitis, 509 human bites, 536
Amylin analogs, 859t
Amyloidosis, 342, 448, 778
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 997 Anaerobic myonecrosis, 477
Anagrelide, 722
Anal fissures, 660
Anaphylactoid reaction, 384
Anaphylaxis
classification, 384
clinical presentation of, 385-386 definition, 384
diagnosis of, 385-387 diagnostic criteria for, 386, 386t differential diagnosis of, 386-387 epidemiology of, 384 etiology of, 384
pathophysiology of, 384 prevention of, 385
referral to specialist for, 388 risk factors for, 385
treatment of, 387-388
Anaplasma phagocytophilum, 526 Anaplasmosis, 526
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), 808 Anemia(s)
aplastic anemia, 763-764 autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 769-771 cancer patients, 762-763
chronic disease, 762
chronic kidney disease (CKD), 461
chronic renal insufficiency, 760-762 classification, 751
clinical presentation, 751
definition, 751
diagnostic testing, 751-752
drug-induced hemolytic anemia, 771 erythropoiesis, 764-765
gastrointestinal bleeding, 622
iron deficiency anemia, 752-755 macrocytic anemia, 758-760 megaloblastic anemia, 758-760 microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, 771-772 preoperative, 20
red blood cell destruction, 764-772
red blood cell production, 752-764
sickle cell disease, 765-769 sideroblastic anemias, 758 thalassemia, 756-757
Anemia of chronic disease (ACD), 762
Aneurysm, 143-144
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, 974 Angina, 98-113, 204
atypical, 99
clinical presentation of, 99-100
diagnostic and therapeutic approach in, 117f diagnostic testing in, 101-107 differential diagnosis of, 101 epidemiology of, 98
etiology of, 98
evaluation and management approach in, 108f ischemia-driven approach in, 116 monitoring/follow-up in, 112-113 pathophysiology of, 98-99
pretest probability of, 100t
Prinzmetal, 101t
progressive, 114
rest, 100t
revascularization for, 111-112
risk factors for, 99
stable, 98-113
treatment of, 107-112
typical, 99
unstable, 113-126
Angioedema, 393-396
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, 64t, 67-68, 158t, 213, 922 for acute kidney injury (AKI), 438 chronic kidney disease (CKD), 460 for coronary artery disease/stable angina, 111 for diabetic nephropathy (DN), 448 for glomerulopathies, 444 for heart failure, 159
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), 64t, 158t, 213
for acute kidney injury (AKI), 438
chronic kidney disease (CKD), 460
for coronary artery disease/stable angina, 111, 125
for diabetic nephropathy (DN), 448
for glomerulopathies, 444
for heart failure, 159
Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, 64t, 158t
Anidulafungin, 575
Animal bites, 535-536
Anion gap (AG), 426-427
Anisocoria, 956
Anorectal bleeding, 622
Anorectal disorders, 659-660
Anorexia, 838
Anoscopy, 624
Antacids
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), 637
peptic ulcer disease (PUD), 641
Anterior cord syndrome, 988
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), 929
Anterior pituitary dysfunction, 888
Anthrax, 532
meningitis, 541
Antiarrhythmic therapy, 164
Antibiotic(s)speczfzc diseases and drugs
cystic fibrosis, 352
for hypothermia, 951
inflammatory bowel disease, 645t
Antibodies against HCV (anti-HCV), 679
Antibody Prevalence in Epilepsy and Encephalopathy (APE2) score, 959, 960
Anticholinergics, 288
diarrhea, 632
functional gastrointestinal disorders, 651
Anticoagulantsspecific drugs
for acute coronary syndromes, 123
for heart failure, 165
for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, 123
oral, 739
parenteral, 739
for pulmonary hypertension, 318
for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, 133
therapy, 123, 124t
for unstable angina, 123
Anticonvulsants, 1020-1024, 1025tspecific drugs
for neurocysticercosis, 483
Anti-COVID-19 agents, 571-572
Anticytomegalovirus agents, 570-571
Antidiarrheal agents, 650
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), 404
Antidotes, 1009
Antidromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (A-AVRT), 210
Antiemetics, 630t, 651, 663
Antiendomysial antibodies, 660
Antiepileptic drugs (AED), 961, 966
for head trauma, 986
for seizure, 966
Antifibrinolytic therapy, for bleeding, liver disease, 729
Antifungal agents, 572-576
Anti-GBM antibody disease, 453
Antiherpetic agents, 569-570
Antihistamines, 631
for anaphylaxis, 388
for angioedema, 395-396
for urticaria, 395-396
Antihistone antibodies, 920
Antihypertensive agent, 63t-65tspecific drugs
for hypertension, 16
parenteral, 70
Anti-hypertensive withdrawal syndrome (AWS), 77
Anti-inflammatory therapy, 352-353
Anti-influenza agents, 568-569
Anti-ischemic therapy, 109-110, 110t, 124-125
Antimetabolites, 610
Antimicrobial susceptibility, 470
testing, 470
Antimicrobial therapy, 470-471, 547-576
Antimycobacterial agents, 566-568
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), 453, 932
Antiphospholipid antibodies, 914
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), 733
Antiplatelet agents, 122-123
Antiplatelet therapy, 119-121, 120t
for heart failure, 165
Antipsychotics, 1034-1037, 1035t
Antiretroviral drugs, 592-593
complications, 594
Antiretroviral therapy (ART)
antiretroviral drugs, 592
complications, 594
recommendations, 591
Antisecretory therapy, 639
Antispasmodic agents, functional gastrointestinal disorders, 651
Anti-synthetase syndrome, 924
Antithrombotic management, 14-16
Antithymocyte globulin, solid organ transplantation, 612
a1-Antitrypsin deficiency, 694-695
Anti-tumor necrosis factor-a (anti-TNF-a) monoclonal antibodies, 647t Antiviral agents, 568-572
Anxiety, 355
Aortic dissection, 74
Aortic regurgitation (AR), 196-199
acute, 196
chronic, 196
diagnostic testing in, 198-199
etiology of, 196-197
outlook/prognosis in, 199
pathophysiology of, 197, 197f, 198f
treatment of, 199
Aortic stenosis (AS), 188-191, 190f
APE2 Score, 960t
Apical cavitary disease, 598
Aplastic anemia, 763-764
Aplastic crisis, 767, 768
Apnea, 319Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS)
Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), 319
APOL1 gene, 459
Apolipoproteins, 78
Apremilast, 919t
Aprepitant, 631
Aqueous PCN G, 547
Arboviruses, 528
Arenaviruses, 540t
Argatroban, 720
Argon-plasma coagulation, 348
Armodafinil, 322
Arrhythmias, 142
Artemether-lumefantrine, 531
Arterial blood gas (ABG), 281, 314
Arterial thrombosis, 849
Arteriography, 348
Artesunate, 532
Arthritis
crystalline, 903-908
definition, 899
diagnosis, 899-900
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 901-903
treatment, 900
Arthrocentesis, arthritis, 899
Asbestos-induced lung disease, 339-340
Ascaris, 391
Ascending cholangitis, 509
Ascites, 702-703
Ascorbic acid, 41t
Aseptic meningitis, 479, 480
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 669
Aspergillosis, 520-521
Aspergillus fumigatus, 296
Aspirin
for acute coronary syndromes (ACS), 120t, 121
for asthma, 294
conditions associated with, 295
diabetes mellitus, 842
gastrointestinal bleeding, 623
for pericarditis, 495
prevention of, 294
risk factors for, 293-294
for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, 131t for venous thromboembolism, 2
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), 295, 381
Assist-control (AC) ventilation, 255
Asthma, 290-306
action plan, 297
algorithm for, 299f
allergy tests in, 296
classification of, 291, 292t
clinical presentation of, 295
definition, 290
diagnosis of, 295-297
differential diagnosis of, 296
eosinophilia, 391
epidemiology of, 291
etiology of, 291
exacerbation management in, 294t
lifestyle/risk modification for, 305 pathophysiology of, 291, 293 treatment of, 297-305
Asymptomatic bacteriuria, 510
Asymptomatic gallstones, 657
Asymptomatic hypermagnesemia, 423
Asymptomatic hyperuricemia, 905
Asymptomatic hypomagnesemia, 424
Atenolol, 63t, 878, 880-881
Atheroembolic disease, 389, 441, 459
Atherosclerosis, 98Coronary artery disease (CAD) Atherothrombosis, 973
Atopic disease, eosinophilia in, 391
Atovaquone
for babesiosis, 527
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, 598 Atovaquone-proguanil, 531
Atrial fibrillation (AF), 208
catheter ablation of, 223
classification of, 213
clinical presentation of, 214
definition, 210
diagnosis of, 214
epidemiology of, 213
medications in, 214-222 pathophysiology of, 213 pharmacologic agents for, 215t-216t prevention of, 213-214
subclinical hyperthyroidism, 880 treatment of, 214-223
Atrial flutter (AFL), 208
Atrial septostomy, 319
Atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), 209
Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT), 209
Atropine, 142, 236
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), 441, 717-718
Atypical pneumonia, 534
Augmented distal urine flow, 412
Autoimmune adrenalitis, 883
Autoimmune encephalitis, 959
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), 769-771
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), 684-686
Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), 656
Autoimmune thyroiditis, 996
Autologous transplantation, 832
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), 454-456
Avascular necrosis (AVN), 766, 767
Avatrombopag, 715
Avian and swine influenza, 532
AWOL score, 954
Azathioprine (AZA), 918t, 998 autoimmune hepatitis, 865-866 inflammatory bowel disease, 648 myasthenia gravis (MG), 998 polymyositis (PM), 926 solid organ transplantation, 611 for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 915
Azilsartan, 64t
Azithromycin, 287, 352-353, 558
acute bronchitis, 498
for babesiosis, 527
for cat scratch disease, 526 gonococcal pharyngitis, 496 for infectious gastroenteritis, 506 for pharyngitis, 495
Azoles, 572-574
Azotemia, 18, 437
Aztreonam, 381, 552
B
Babesia microti, 527
Babesiosis, 527-528
Baclofen, 637
Bacterial infections, diarrhea, 632
Bacterial meningitis, 478
Bacterial vaginosis, 580t, 585
Bacteroides fragilis, 507
Bag-valve-mask ventilation, 249
Balloon aortic valvuloplasty, 190
Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO), 626
Balloon tamponade, 348
Baloxavir marboxil, 569
Balsalazide, 645t
Barbiturates, 1010, 1045
Barium radiographs, 639
Barium swallow, 628
Barrett esophagus (BE), 638
Bartonella henselae, 526
Bartonellosis, 532
Basal insulin, 853
Basic metabolic panel (BMP), 1003
Basiliximab, 612
Belatacept, 612
Belimumab, 915
Bempedoic acid, 90
Benazepril, 64t
Benralizumab, 302t, 303
Benzathine PCN, 547
Benzathine penicillin G, 496
Benzodiazepines
carbamazepine, 1024
fosphenytoin, 1021
overdoses, 1007, 1044-1045
oxcarbazepine, 1024
phenytoin, 1021
for tetanus, 473
Bernard-Soulier syndrome, 723
Berylliosis, 340
Beta blockers (#946;-blockers), 74, 996
for heart failure, 157, 158t
for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 174 for ischemic heart disease, 109t for mitral stenosis, 188
preoperative, 12-13
Beta (#946;)-lactam antibiotics, 380 intra-abdominal infection, 550 lung abscess, 503 for necrotizing fasciitis, 477 for osteomyelitis, 478
Beta (#946;)-lactamase inhibitor, 476-477
Betaxolol, 63t
Betrixaban, 2
Biguanide, 856t
Bilateral kidney stones, 438
Bile acid-binding resins, 632
Bile acid sequestrants, 858t resins, 88-89
Biliary colic, 658
Biliary sphincterotomy, 655
Bilirubin, 670
Biofeedback therapy, constipation, 635 Biologics
inflammatory bowel disease, 647t solid organ transplantation, 612-613 Bioterrorism, 538-543
Biotin, 40t, 874
Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome, 341
Bisferiens, 173
Bismuth subsalicylate, 632
Bisoprolol, 63t, 158, 158t Bisphosphonates
for hypercalcemia, 417
Paget disease, 894
Bite wounds, 535-536
Bivalirudin, 118f, 123-124, 124t, 132t, 720
Biventricular pacing, 165
BK virus, 619
Bladder cancer
clinical presentation, 806
diagnostic testing, 806
epidemiology of, 805-806
etiology of, 805-806
pathology, 806
staging, 806
treatment, 806-807
Blastomyces dermatitidis, 519 Blastomycosis, 519-520 Blood gas, 1003, 1006 Blood pressureHypertension
classification, 58t
elevated, 57
normal, 57
Bloodstream infections (BSIs), 483-484, 485t-487t
Blood transfusion, 403Transfusion(s)
Bloody stool, 622
Body mass index (BMI), 19
Body packers, 1008
Bolus feedings, 46
Bone loss, transgender individuals, 897
Bone marrow (BM) biopsy
anemia, 752
aplastic anemia (AA), 763
iron deficiency anemia, 753
leukocytosis and leukopenia, 773
macrocytic/megaloblastic anemia, 760
Bone marrow (BM) disorders, 773-776
Bone mineral disorders, 461-462
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor II (BMPR-II ) gene, 310 Borrelia burgdorferi, 524
Bosentan, 316t, 923
Botulinum toxin, 639
Botulism, 542-543, 999-1000
Bourbon fever, 528 Bowel-cleansing agents, 634-635 Bradyarrhythmias, 231-240
clinical presentation of, 231-233 definition, 231
diagnostic testing in, 233 etiology of, 231, 232t special considerations in, 233-236 treatment of, 236-240
Bradycardia See Bradyarrhythmias Bradykinesia, 990
Brain abscess, 482-483 Brain death, 959
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), 115 Breast cancer
clinical presentation, 794 diagnostic testing, 794 epidemiology of, 793 etiology of, 793 pathology, 794
screening and prevention, 794
staging, 794-795
treatment, 795-796
Breast conservation surgery (BCS), 795 Bromocriptine, 891, 1000
Bronchial thermoplasty, 304 Bronchoalveolar lavage, 330 Bronchoscopy, 348, 362-363, 392 Brown-Sequard syndrome, 988 Brucellosis, 533-534
Bubonic plague, 541 Budesonide, 65t, 158t, 284t, 686 Bunyaviruses, 540t
Bupropion, 1048-1049 Bupropion ER, 278t
Burkholderia cepacia, 352 Burkitt lymphoma, 830
C
Cabergoline, 891
Cachexia, 838
CAD See Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Calcification, pancreas, 656
Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), 610, 610t
Calcinosis, 924
Calciphylaxis, 420
Calcitonin, 417
Calcitriol, 415, 420
Calcium, 42t
balance, 415
imbalances (disorders) of, 415-420
Calcium-based stones, 456
Calcium channel antagonists, 63t-64t, 67
overdoses, 1037-1039
Raynaud phenomenon, 923
Calcium channel blockers, 109
for coronary heart disease, 109
for heart failure, 162
for ischemic heart disease, 110t
for stable angina, 109
for ventricular tachyarrhythmias, 228
Calcium gluconate, 414
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition (CPPD) disease, 908-909
Campylobacter jejuni, 605
Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) classification system, 100, 100t
Canagliflozin, 857t
Cancerspecific types
anemia, 762-763
chemotherapy, 789
diagnosis, 785-786
immunotherapy, 790
local ablative therapy, 789
pain, 837-838
radiation therapy, 788-789
response to therapy, 790-791
risk factors, 785 staging, 786 supportive care, 836-838 surgical therapy, 786, 788 targeted therapy, 789-790 transgender individuals, 898 treatment, 786, 788-790 unknown primary, 817 Candesartan, 64t, 158t Candida, 603-604 Candida esophagitis, 636 Candidiasis, 518, 580t Candiduria, 538 Cangrelor, 120t, 122, 132t “Cannon” A waves, 205 Caplacizumab, 718 Capsule endoscopy, 624 Captopril, 64t, 158t Carbamazepine, 1023-1024 Carbapenem, 503, 552-553, 655 for deceubitus ulcer, 476 for diabetic foot ulcer, 476 necrotizing fasciitis, 477 Carbohydrate, 33 Carbon-labeled urea breath testing, 641 Carbon monoxide (CO), 1057-1058 Cardiac arrhythmias, 53, 203-243specific types Cardiac biomarkers, 4 Cardiac catheterization
for aortic regurgitation, 198
for aortic stenosis, 189
for constrictive pericarditis, 185
for mitral stenosis, 188
Cardiac disease
hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), 389 idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, 925 polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), 931
Cardiac evaluation algorithm for noncardiac surgery, 13f
Cardiac involvement, diffuse scleroderma, 921, 922
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
for heart failure, 156
for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 174 myocarditis, 493-494
for pulmonary hypertension, 314
Cardiac pacing
for carotid sinus hypersensitivity, 243
for sinus node dysfunction, 243
for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, 139 for syncope, 243
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), 165
Cardiac rhythms, 203
Cardiac tamponade, 185-186
Cardiac transplantation, 171
Cardioembolic stroke, 974
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE), 168-170
Cardiogenic shock, 143, 264
CardioMEMS™, 166
Cardiomyopathy, 170-178
dilated, 170-171 hypertrophic, 172-175 peripartum, 177-178 restrictive, 176-177
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing, 156
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), 952
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), 98, 320, 903
Cardiovascular effects, hypothermia, 950
Cardiovascular infections, 487-495
infective endocarditis (IE), 487-493
myocarditis, 493-494
pericarditis, 494-495
Carotid Doppler studies, stroke, 976
Carotid sinus massage, 212t
Carpal tunnel syndrome, 892
Carvedilol, 63t, 158, 158t
Carvedilol CR, 63t
Caspofungin, 604
Caspofungin acetate, 575
Cat bites, 535
Cathartics, 1000, 1009
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), 537-538 Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI), 484, 485t-487t Cation exchange resins, 415
Cat scratch disease, 532
Cauda equina syndrome, 988
Cecostomy, 653
Cefaclor, 549
Cefadroxil, 549
Cefazolin, 478, 549
Cefdinir, 550
Cefditoren pivoxil, 550
Cefepime, 476, 550
brain abscess, 483
for meningitis, 481
Cefiderocol, 551
Cefixime, 550
Cefotaxime
for epiglottitis, 496
lyme disease, 525
meningitis, 480
Cefotetan, 549
Cefoxitin, 536, 549
Cefpodoxime proxetil, 550
Cefprozil, 549
Ceftaroline, 476, 550
Ceftazidime, 476
brain abscess, 483
for meningitis, 481
Ceftazidime-avibactam, 550-551
Ceftibuten, 550
Ceftolozane-tazobactam, 550
Ceftriaxone, 550
brain abscess, 483 epididymitis, 513 for epiglottitis, 496 gonococcal pharyngitis, 496 lyme disease, 525 meningitis, 480
for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), 508 for urethritis/cervicitis, 581t
Cefuroxime, 549
Cefuroxime axetil, 525, 549
Celiac plexus block, 657
Celiac sprue, 651, 660-661
Cellulitis, 475-476
Central cord syndrome, 988
Central diabetes insipidus (CDI), 408-411
Central herniation, 956
Centrally acting adrenergic agents, 65t, 69
Central nervous system (CNS)
infections, 478-483
tumors, 815
Central sleep apnea, 320
Cephalexin, 476, 549
for deceubitus ulcer, 476
for diabetic foot ulcer, 476
Cephalosporin, 471, 549-551specific drugs
for anaerobic myonecrosis, 477 brain abscess, 483 for deceubitus ulcer, 476 for diabetic foot ulcer, 476 leptospirosis, 533
for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), 508
Cerebral catheter angiography, stroke, 976
Cerebral edema, 849
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), 974
Cerebrovascular disease, 971, 973-981
Cervical cancer, 810-811
Cervical neoplasia, 606
Cervicitis, 586
CF-related diabetes mellitus (CFRD), 353, 355
CF-related liver disease (CFLD), 355
C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN), 449
Chancroid, 580t, 584
Charcot triad of fever, 509
Checkpoint inhibitors, adrenal failure, 884
Chelation therapy, 757
Chemical buffering, 425
Chemical esophagitis, 636
Chemotherapy, 789
breast cancer, 795-796
chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 826 esophageal cancer, 798-799 head and neck cancer, 797 hepatocellular carcinoma, 803-804 Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), 828 non-small-cell lung cancer, 792-793 ovarian cancer, 814 pancreatic cancer, 802 small-cell lung cancer, 793
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), 836
Chest computed tomography (CT)
for chronic obstructive pulmonary, 282
for hemoptysis evaluation, 346
for pneumothorax, 943
for pulmonary hypertension, 314
for solitary pulmonary nodule, 361
Chest pain, 4
cardiac See Stable angina; Unstable angina differential diagnosis of, 101, 101t for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, 141
Chest pain, 635
Chest radiography
community-acquired pneumonia, 501
for heart failure, 156
lung abscess, 503
in pleural effusion, 367, 369
for pneumothorax, 943 tuberculosis, 504
Chest X-ray (CXR)
for aortic regurgitation, 198
for aortic stenosis, 189
for asthma, 296
for chronic obstructive pulmonary, 282
for cystic fibrosis, 351
eosinophilia, 391-392
for hemoptysis, 346
for mitral stenosis, 187
for pleural effusion, 370
for pneumoconioses, 340
for pneumothorax, 943
for pulmonary hypertension, 314
for sarcoidosis, 336
for solitary pulmonary nodule, 360
for tachyarrhythmias, 205
Chikungunya, 529
Chilblains, 948
Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP), 21
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts), 790
Chlamydia, 581t
Chloramphenicol
plague, 542
for rocky mountain spotted fever, 525 Chloride-responsive metabolic alkalosis, 431 Chloride-unresponsive metabolic alkalosis, 431 Chloroquine, 531
Chlorthalidone, 64t
Cholangitis, 658
Cholecystectomy, 655, 659
Choledocholithiasis, 658, 659
Cholelithiasis, 766, 767
Cholestasis
injury, 681
nutritional deficiencies, 689-690
osteoporosis, 690
pruritus, 690-691
Cholesterol esters, 78
Cholinesterase inhibitors, 963
Chromium, 35t
Chromosomal abnormalities, 829t
Chronic abdominal pain exocrine insufficiency, 656
Chronic alcohol abuse, 656
Chronic allograft dysfunction, 617-618
Chronic bacterial prostatitis, 513
Chronic diarrhea, 506, 631-632
Chronic gouty arthritis, 904
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), 399
Chronic hemodialysis, 920
Chronic hypernatremia, 409
Chronic hyperphosphatemia, 421
Chronic hyponatremia, 405
Chronic hypophosphatemia, 422
Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, 652
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), 458-462
atrial fibrillation, 217
coronary artery disease, 100
risk factors, 459
stable angina, 100
stages, 458
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 824-826, 825t
Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, 874, 882
Chronic mesenteric ischemia, 664
Chronic mitral regurgitation, 195
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 823-824
Chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD) Assessment Tool, 278, 279t
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 276-290
ABCD assessment tool for, 283t
acute exacerbation of, 288-290
airflow limitation in, 281t
airflow obstruction in, 276
clinical presentation of, 278-280
diagnosis of, 278-282
differential diagnosis of, 280-281
epidemiology of, 276-277
etiology of, 277
inhalational pharmacotherapy for, 284t-285t
lung transplantation for, 285
pathophysiology of, 277
prevention of, 277
special considerations in, 288-290
treatment of, 282-288
vaccinations, 287
Chronic pancreatitis, 656-657
Chronic polyarthritis, 909
Chronic prostatitis, 511
Chronic Q fever, 535
Chronic renal insufficiency (CRI), 24-25, 75, 760-762
Chronic respiratory alkalosis, 433
Chronic rhinosinusitis, 496-497
Chronic sinusitis, 355
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), 309
Chronic urticaria, 393
Chronic viral hepatitis, 672
Chronotropic incompetence, 235
Chvostek sign, 419
Chylothorax, 371
Cidofovir, 571, 603
Cinacalcet, 462
Ciprofloxacin, 556
for anaerobic myonecrosis, 477
anthrax, 541
for cellulitis, 476
for deceubitus ulcer, 476
for diabetic foot ulcer, 476
for infectious gastroenteritis, 506
plague, 542
for polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), 456 for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), 508 traveler’s diarrhea, 506
for tularemia, 527
Cirrhosis, 701
Clarithromycin, 498, 558
Clevidipine, 73
Clindamycin, 558
for anaerobic myonecrosis, 477
anthrax, 541
for babesiosis, 527
for cellulitis, 476
complicated skin and soft-tissue infections, 476
for epiglottitis, 496
for erysipelas, 475
lung abscess, 503
necrotizing fasciitis, 477
for osteomyelitis, 478
for pharyngitis, 495
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, 598
for purulent skin and soft tissue infections, 475 rhinosinusitis, 497
Clonidine, 65t, 1039-1040
Clopidogrel, 111, 120t, 121, 131t
Closed thoracic lavage, hypothermia, 952
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), 472 Clostridium tetani, 473
Clotrimazole, 604, 613
Cluster headache, 981
CMV esophagitis, 636
CMV infection, graft rejection, 618
CMV retinitis, 603
CMV superinfection, 644
Coagulation abnormalities, 622
Coagulation cascade, 712
Coagulopathy, 625
Coals workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP), 340
Cobalamin, 41t
Cocaine, 1048-1049
Coccidioides immitis infection, 520, 600 Coccidioidomycosis, 520
Cogwheel rigidity, 990
Colchicine, 184, 495, 906t
Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), 770 Cold-induced illness, 948-952
Colistimethate sodium, 563
Colistin, 563
Colonoscopic decompression, 653
Colonoscopy, 624, 661
Colorectal cancer, 800-801
Coma, 954, 958
Common variable immune deficiency (CVID), 398 Community-acquired pneumonia, 500-502
Complement deficiencies, 399
Complement fixation (CF) test, 519
Complete cord syndrome, 988
Complicated cystitis, 510
Complicated severe malaria, 532 Comprehensive diabetes management, 843 Computed tomography (CT)
for aortic regurgitation, 199
for asthma, 296
for constrictive pericarditis, 185 eosinophilia, 391-392 head trauma, 985
hemoptysis, 346
liver disease, 670
in pleural effusion, 369 pyelonephritis, 514 renal cancer, 804-805 renal disease, 435
sarcoma, 816
spondyloarthritides (SpAs), 912
Computed tomography angiography (CTA) gastrointestinal bleeding, 624
stroke, 976
Conduction system of heart, 231
Congenital syphilis, 583
Congestive heart failure (CHF), 53
pleural effusion, 366t
tachyarrhythmias, 204
Consciousness
altered, 954-961
level of, 956
Constipation, 633-635 cancer pain, 838
Constrictive pericarditis, 184-185
Contact precautions, 1076
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), 465
Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD), 465
Continuous feeding, 46
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), 843
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), 320
Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), 463
Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF), 463 Continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD), 463 Contraction alkalosis, 430
Contrast-enhanced computed tomography, 362 Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), 107
Contrast nephropathy, 459
Conus medullaris syndrome, 988
Convection, 463
Cooling measures, heat stroke, 947
Copper, 35t
Corneal microdeposits, 222
Coronary and peripheral vascular disease, 915
Coronary angiography, 106-107
Coronary artery disease (CAD), 98-113, 864 clinical presentation of, 99-100, 100t diagnostic testing in, 101-107, 103t, 105t differential diagnosis of, 101, 101t, 102t epidemiology of, 98
etiology of, 98
hypertension, 76
monitoring/follow-up in, 112-113
pathophysiology of, 98-99
prevention of, 99
risk factors for, 99
treatment of, 107-112, 108f, 109t, 110t
Coronary Artery Revascularization Prophylaxis (CARP) trial, 13
Coronary care unit (CCU), 138-139
Coronary computed tomography angiography, 107
Coronary heart disease (CHD), 98-113, 864-865
Coronary reperfusion, 130f
Coronary revascularization, 111-112
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 499-500
Correction factor, 853
Corticosteroids
acute alcoholic hepatitis, 684
adrenal insufficiency, 24
ANCA-associated vasculitis, 454
for angioedema, 396
for asthma, 300-301
celiac sprue, 661
for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 288
IgA nephropathy, 451
inflammatory bowel disease, 646t, 649
for interstitial lung disease, 336
lupus nephritis, 452-453
perioperative management, 24
for shock, 267
for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, 142
for urticaria, 396
Cortisol, 412
Cosyntropin stimulation test
adrenal failure, 884-885
hypopituitarism, 889
COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), 500
Coxiella burnetti, 534-535
COX-2 inhibitors, 724
CPN See Central parenteral nutrition (CPN)
Creatine kinase, 1000
Creatine kinase (CK)-MB, 115
CREST syndrome, 920
CRI See Chronic renal insufficiency (CRI)
Cricothyrotomy, 254
Critical care, 245-272
airway management and tracheal intubation, 249-254 mechanical ventilation, 254-262
noninvasive oxygen therapy, 247-249 respiratory failure, 245-247
shock, 262-272
Critical illness myopathy, 999
Crizanlizumab, 768
Crohn disease (CD), 643-650
Crossmatch tests, 780
Cryobiopsy, 331
Cryoprecipitate, 780
for bleeding, liver disease, 729
for disseminated intravascular coagulation, 730
Cryptococcal meningitis, 480t, 601
Cryptococcosis, 518-519
Cryptococcus neoformans, 518, 601
Crystalline arthritis, 903-910
Crystalloids, heat stroke, 948
CSF analysis
encephalitis, 482
multiple sclerosis, 971
Cushing disease, 889
Cushing syndrome, 886
Cutaneous anthrax, 538
Cyanide, 1058-1059
CyBorD, 778
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), 349
Cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies, 330, 901
Cyclic lipopeptide, 563-564
Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), 652 Cyclophosphamide, 919t
lupus nephritis (LN), 452
for polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), 931
for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 915
Cyclospora, 604
Cyclosporine (CsA), 620-621, 918t
CYP enzyme system, 574
Cystic fibrosis (CF), 349-357
clinical presentation of, 350-351
definition, 349
diagnosis of, 350-352 differential diagnosis of, 351 epidemiology of, 349
etiology of, 349 outcome/prognosis, 357 pathophysiology of, 350 patient education in, 357
referral and follow-up, 356-357 treatment of, 352-356
Cystic lung disease, 326, 340-342
Cystine stones, 456, 458
Cystitis
in men, 511
in women, 510-511
Cystoisospora, 604
Cytokine release syndrome (CRS), 837
Cytology, cancer, 785
D
Dactylitis, 910
Dalbavancin, 562
Dantrolene, 1000
Dantrolene sodium, 1001
Dapagliflozin, 858t
Daptomycin, 563
complicated skin and soft-tissue infections, 476
for osteomyelitis, 478
Daratumumab, 778
D-dimer, 713, 735
Deceased donors, 609
Decubitus ulcers
diagnosis, 3
epidemiology, 2 precautions, 3 prevention, 2
treatment, 3
Deep frostbite, 949
Deep Valsalva, 315
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 731 classification, 731 clinical presentation, 734 complications, 743-744 definition, 731 diagnosis, 734-736 diagnostic testing, 734-736 epidemiology, 2, 731-732 etiology, 732-733 monitoring/follow-up, 745 prevention of, 734 prophylaxis, 2 risk factors, 2, 733 treatment, 736-742
Defecatory disorders, 659
Dehydration, sickle cell disease, 768
Delafloxacin, 557
Delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions, 782
Delayed-onset heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 719 Delirium, 473, 954, 957-958
Dengue, 529-530
Denosumab, 417
Dense deposit disease (DDD), 449
Department of Health and Human Services, 277 Deposition disorders, 448-449
Depression
headache, 982
transgender patients, 895
Dermatomyositis (DM), 924, 999
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
for hemophilia A, 725
for uremic platelet dysfunction, 723
for von Willebrand disease, 727
Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP), 338-339 Dexamethasone, 989
for coma, 958
for COVID-19, 500
for meningitis, 481
tuberculosis, 505
Dextrose, 847
Diabetes insipidus (DI), 408
Diabetes mellitus, 663
chronic complications, 860-864 chronic kidney disease (CKD), 460-461 classification, 840
definition, 840
diagnosis, 841, 841t exercise, 844
in hospitalized patients, 844-846 macrovascular complications, 864-866 medical nutrition therapy, 843 microvascular complications, 860 perioperative management of, 22-24 treatment, 841-843
type 1, 840, 852-854
type 2, 840
Diabetic cystopathy, 864
Diabetic foot infections, 476
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), 844
complications, 849-850
diagnosis, 847
epidemiology, 846
pathophysiology, 846
precipitating factors, 846
prevention, 846-847
treatment, 847, 848t-849t, 849
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), 447-448, 862-863 Diabetic neuropathy, 863-864
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), 861 Dialysis, 415, 417, 462-463
Diarrhea, 528, 864
acute, 631-632
cancer, 836
chronic, 506, 631-632
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), 472
HIV/AIDS, 604-605
Diazoxide, 73
Dicloxacillin, 476, 548
Dietary fiber, constipation, 634
Dietary vitamin D deficiency, 893 Diets, functional gastrointestinal disorders, 651 Diffuse esophageal spasm, 638
Diffuse goiter, 882
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 830
Diffuse scleroderma, 921
Diffusion, 463
abnormality, 246
Digitalis glycosides, 161-162
Digital rectal examination (DRE), 623
Digoxin, 158t, 177, 216t Dihydroergotamine, 983
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), 170-171 Diltiazem, 63t, 215t, 316t
Diltiazem CD, 63t
Diltiazem LA, 63t
Diltiazem XR, 63t
Diltiazem XT, 63t
Dipyridamole, 104, 724
Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), 680
Direct-acting vasodilators, 65t, 69-70
Direct Coombs test, 765, 770
Direct current cardioversion (DCCV), 222-223
Discoid cutaneous lupus erythematosus, 915
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
biologic, 935, 936t-939t
classification, 935
combinations, 935 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, 972t-973t rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 902
spondyloarthritides (SpAs), 912
for systemic lupus erythematosus, 916-919
Disopyramide, 174, 219t
Disposition, 952
Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI), 586
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 729-730, 730t
Disseminated nontuberculous mycobacteria, 523
Distal hyperkalemic renal tubular acidosis, 428-429
Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS), 355
Distal lower extremity deep vein thrombosis, 731
Distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA), 428
Distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DPN), 863
Distal urine flow rate, 411
Distributive shock, 262
Diuretics, 64t-65t, 66, 403
for aortic stenosis, 190
ascites, 702
chronic kidney disease (CKD), 460
for glomerulopathies, 444
for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 174
for mitral stenosis, 188
overdoses, 1041t
for pulmonary hypertension, 318
Diverticula, 661
Diverticular bleeding, 661
Diverticular disease, 661-662
Diverticulitis, 661
Diverticulosis, 661
Dobutamine, 104, 143, 169, 266
stress echocardiography, 189
Dofetilide, 220t, 221
Dog bites, 535
Domperidone, 663
Dopamine, 143, 266
agonists, 858t, 891
antagonists, 631
Doxazosin, 65t
Doxycycline, 560
for anaplasmosis, 526
anthrax, 542
for brucellosis, 534
for cellulitis, 476
for ehrlichiosis, 526
for encephalitis, 482
epididymitis, 513 gonococcal pharyngitis, 496
leptospirosis, 533
lyme disease, 524
malaria, 531
for osteomyelitis, 478
plague, 542
for purulent skin and soft tissue infections, 475
for Q fever, 535
rhinosinusitis, 497
for rocky mountain spotted fever, 525
for tularemia, 527
Dressler syndrome, 142
Dronedarone, 221
Droplet precautions, 1076
Drug-dependent immune thrombocytopenia, 714-715 Drug desensitization, 383
Drug-induced hemolytic anemia, 771
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI), 681-682
Drug-induced lupus, 920
Drug-induced platelet dysfunction, 723
reversal, 724
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS), 382-383
Dual-phase (pancreas protocol) CT scan, 654
Dupilumab, 302t, 303
Dyslipidemia
principles, 78-79, 79t, 80t
risk assessment, 82
screening, 82
treatment, 83-91
Dysphagia, 627-629, 635
Dyspnea, 4-5, 204, 311
Dysproteinemia, 448-449
Dysuria, 510
E
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) and Karnofsky Score, 788t
Ebola virus disease (EVD), 543
Ecchymoses, 711
Echinocandins, 574-575
Echocardiogram, 101
for acute pericarditis, 183
for aortic stenosis, 189
for bradyarrhythmias, 235
for cardiac tamponade, 186
for constrictive pericarditis, 185
for heart failure, 156
infective endocarditis (IE), 489
for mitral regurgitation, 194
for pulmonary hypertension, 312
for tachyarrhythmias, 205
Ectopic atrial tachycardia (EAT), 209
Eculizumab, 718, 998
Effective hypoparathyroidism, 418
Ehrlichia chaffeensii, 526
Ehrlichiosis, 526
Elastography, 671
Elderlyhypertensive patient, 75
Electrocardiography (ECG)
in acute coronary syndromes (ACS), 114-115
for acute pericarditis, 183
in antidromic AVRT, 210
for aortic regurgitation, 198
for aortic stenosis, 189
in atrial flutter, 208
in atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia, 209
in atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia, 209
in bradyarrhythmias, 233
in coronary artery disease (CAD), 104
for heart failure, 156
in hemoptysis evaluation, 346
hypercalcemia, 417
hyperkalemia, 414
hypermagnesemia, 423
for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 174
hypokalemia, 413
hypomagnesemia, 424
hypothermia, 950
left bundle branch block (LBBB), 104
for mitral regurgitation, 194
in multifocal atrial tachycardia, 208
in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), 114-115 overdoses, 1008
in peripartum cardiomyopathy, 178
pneumothorax, 943
in pulmonary hypertension, 312
in restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), 176
in sinoatrial nodal reentrant tachycardia, 210
in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, 127-128, 128t
in tachyarrhythmias, 205
in unstable angina (UA), 114-115
in ventricular tachyarrhythmias, 225-228
Electrodiagnostic studies, myasthenia gravis (MG), 997 Electroencephalography (EEG), 957
Electrolytes
euvolemia, 401
in gastrointestinal fluids, 42t
in hypervolemia, 403-404
in hypovolemia, 402-403
Electromyography (EMG), 993
Electrophysiology study (EPS), 206
Elemental monomeric formulas, 44
Elevated blood pressure, 57
Eltrombopag, 715
Eluxadoline, 651
Emergency transfusion, 781
Emergent airway adjuncts, 941-942
Emergent airway management, 941
Emergent radiation therapy, 989
Emergent total colectomy, 626
Emicizumab, 725-726
Emollient laxatives, 634
Empagliflozin, 858t
Empiric antibiotic therapy
anthrax, 541
community-acquired pneumonia, 501, 502t diarrhea, 632
intra-abdominal infections, 507
Empyema, 371
Enalapril, 64t, 158t
Enalaprilat, 73
Encephalitis, 481-482
Endobronchial electrocautery, 348
Endobronchial stent placement, 348
Endocarditis, 534
Endocrine diseases, 872-898
Endocrine insufficiency, 656
Endocrinopathies, 923
Endoluminal functional lumen imaging probe (EndoFLIP), 628
Endometrial carcinoma, 812
Endomyocardial biopsy, 156
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) acute pancreatitis, 655 gallstone disease, 659 liver disease, 671
Endoscopic therapy, gastrointestinal bleeding, 626
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), 657, 658
Endoscopy
esophageal motor disorders, 639 gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), 637 gastrointestinal bleeding, 623-624 inflammatory bowel disease, 644 peptic ulcer disease (PUD), 640
Endothelin receptor antagonists, 315
Endotracheal intubation, 249-254
drugs for facilitate, 251t
gastrointestinal bleeding, 625
procedure for, 252t-253t
Endovascular angioplasty, 977
Endovascular thrombectomy, 979
End-stage renal disease (ESRD), 24-25
Enfuvirtide (T-20), 593
Enoxaparin, 124t, 132t
Entecavir, 676
Enteral feeding, 663
Enteral nutrition, 43-48, 45t
acute pancreatitis, 655
for hyperglycemia, 846
Enteropathic hemolytic-uremic syndrome, 717
Enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma, 661
Enteroviral meningitis, 481
Enthesitis, 910
Entresto, 158t
Enzyme immunoassay, 472
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 719
Eosinophilia
causes, 390t
classification, 388-389, 390t
clinical presentation, 391-392
definition, 388
diagnosis, 389-392
epidemiology, 389
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), 635-636
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), 933-934
Epicardial atherosclerosis, 101, 101t
Epididymitis, 513
Epiglottitis, 496
Epileptic aura, 964
Epinephrine, 143, 169, 265, 387-388, 1038
Eplerenone, 65t, 66-67, 158t
Epoprostenol, 316t
Eprosartan, 64t
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), 495, 618
Eptifibatide, 120t, 724
Equine trivalent (A, B, E) antitoxin, 1000
Eravacycline, 560-561
Erectile dysfunction, 866-867
Ergocalciferol, 38t
Ergotamine, 983
Ertapenem, 509
Ertugliflozin, 858t
Erysipelas, 475
Erythema migrans, 524
Erythema multiforme (EM), 383
Erythromycin, 653, 663
Erythropoiesis, 764-765
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), 461, 761-762
Erythropoietin (EPO), 723, 761t
ESKAPE pathogens, 539t
Esmolol, 73, 74, 215t
Esophageal cancer, 797-799
Esophageal dilation, 922
Esophageal dysphagia, 627-628
Esophageal erosion, 638
Esophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM), 639
Esophageal hypermotility disorders, 638
Esophageal hypomotility disorders, 638
Esophageal manometry
esophageal dysphagia, 628
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), 637
Esophageal motor disorders, 638-640
Esophageal ulceration, 638
Esophagitis, HIV/AIDS, 603-604
Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction, 638
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
esophageal dysphagia, 628
gastrointestinal bleeding, 623-624
Essential fatty acids, 33
Essential thrombocythemia, 722
Estrogen receptor (ER), 794
Estrogen therapy, transgender women, 896
Ethacrynic acid, 65t
Ethambutol, 568
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection, 599 tuberculosis, 505
Ethanol, 1052-1054
Ethinyl estradiol, 896
Ethylene glycol, 1056
Etomidate, 251t
Euvolemic patient, 401, 401t
Everolimus, 611-612
Ewing sarcoma, 817
Excretory products, liver disease, 670
Exercise, diabetes management, 844
Exercise-induced anaphylaxis, 386-387
Exercise stress testing, 104, 105t
Exhaled nitric oxide, 296
Extracellular fluid (ECF), 401
Extracolonic manifestations, 644
Extracorporeal circulation, hypothermia, 952
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), 259, 952
Extrahepatic manifestations
autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), 684
hepatitis B virus, 674
hepatitis C virus, 679
primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), 687
Extrapulmonary disease, tuberculosis, 505
Extrapulmonary therapy, 353-355
Eye movements, coma, 956-957
Ezetimibe, 89, 111
F
Factor VIII replacement, hemophilia A, 725
Fall precautions, 3
Famciclovir, 570, 636
Familial cancer syndromes, 787t
Familial combined hyperlipidemia, 80t
Familial dysbetali-poproteinemia, 80t
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), 79, 80t
Familial hyperchylomicronemia, 81t
Familial hyper-triglyceridemia, 81t
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, 416-417
Family planning, inflammatory bowel disease, 650
Fasting hypoglycemia, 868
Fatigue, 838
Fat-soluble vitamin, chronic pancreatitis, 657
Febrile syndromes, 599-601
Febuxostat, 907t
Fecal microbiota transplantation, 472, 633
Fecal osmotic gap, 631
Feeding schedules, 46
Felty syndrome, 903
Fenofibrate, 91
Fenoldopam, 73-74
Fentanyl, 251t
Ferric carboxymaltose, 754
Ferric derisomaltose, 754
Ferric gluconate, 754
Ferritin, 753
Ferrous sulfate, 42t, 754
Fertility preservation, 895
Ferumoxytol, 754
Fever, 5
Fever of unknown origin (FUO), 470
Fiber-optic (flexible) bronchoscopy, 347 Fiber-optic/digital airway devices, 942
Fibrillary glomerulopathy, 448
Fibrinogen, 713, 780
Fibrinolytic therapy, 133-134, 136-137 Fidaxomicin, 472, 633
Filoviruses, 540t
Finger stick blood glucose (FSBG), 1003
Fistula, diverticular disease, 662
Flaviviruses, 540t
Flecainide, 218, 219t, 221
Fluconazole, 573, 604
for Candida esophagitis, 636
Coccidioides immitis infection, 600 solid organ transplantation, 613
Fluconazole-resistant candidiasis, 604
Flucytosine, 575
Fludrocortisone, 243, 886
Fluid management, 401-404Diuretics
in euvolemia, 401
in hypernatremia, 408-411
hypervolemic patient, 403-404
hyponatremia, 404-407 hypovolemic patient, 402-403
Fluid overload, 53
Fluid restriction, chronic kidney disease (CKD), 459
Fluoroquinolone(s), 471, 556-557, 655
acute pancreatitis, 655
for brucellosis, 534 febrile syndromes, 599 hypocalcemia, 418 necrotizing fasciitis, 477
for osteomyelitis, 478
for peptic ulcer disease, 641 peritoneal dialysis, 466 for Q fever, 535 rhinosinusitis, 497
for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), 508
Flushing syndromes, 387
Fluticasone, 284t
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 446
Focal seizures, 964
Folate deficiency, 759
Folic acid, 40t, 768, 961
Fondaparinux, 123, 124t, 132t
Foods and herbal products, platelet function, 723
Formoterol, 284t
Foscarnet, 571, 603, 636
Fosfomycin, 564-565
Fosinopril, 64t
Fosphenytoin, 1020-1022
Fostamatinib, 716
Fractional flow reserve (FFR), 106
Francisella tularensis, 526
Free cholesterol, 78
Free wall rupture, 144
Free water deficit, 409
French Registry model, 317
Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
for disseminated intravascular coagulation, 730 transfusion, 779
for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 717 Frostnip, 948-949
Fulminant colitis, 649
Fulminant disease, 472
Functional asplenia, 766
Functional gastrointestinal disorders, 650-652 Fundoplication, 637
Fungal infections, 514-523, 620
Furosemide, 65t, 158t, 169
Furuncles, 475
G
Gallstone disease, 657-659
Ganciclovir, 570, 603, 613, 636
Gas gangrene, 477
Gastric cancer, 799-800
Gastric electrical stimulation, 663
Gastric-emptying study, 663
Gastric outlet obstruction, 643
Gastrinoma, 640
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), 294, 295, 635-638 Gastrointestinal anthrax, 538
Gastrointestinal bleeding
acute pancreatitis, 656
clinical presentation, 622-623
diagnosis, 622-624
diagnostic testing, 623-624
principles, 622
special considerations, 627
treatment, 624-627
Gastrointestinal diseases, 622-665
Gastrointestinal infection, 506-509
Gastrointestinal involvement
diffuse scleroderma, 921, 922
idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, 925
polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), 931
Gastrointestinal malignancies, 797-804
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), 817 Gastroparesis, 662-663
Gemfibrozil, 91
Gemifloxacin, 557
Gender-affirming care, 577-578
Gender-affirming hormone therapy, 895-897 Gender-affirming surgery, 897
Gender expression, 577
Gender identity, 577
Genderqueer, 897
Generalized seizures, 964
Genetic dyslipoproteinemias, 80t-81t
Genetic testing, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 174
Genital herpes, 578, 579t, 582, 606
Genital warts, 606-607
Genitourinary infections, 510-514
Genitourinary malignancies, 804-810
Gentamicin, 555
Germ cell tumors, 808-810
Gestational diabetes (GDM), 840
Gestational thrombocytopenia, 721
Giant cell arteritis (GCA), 929-930
Giardiasis, 506, 632
Glanzmann thrombasthenia, 723
Glasgow Alcoholic Hepatitis Score (GAHS), 683
Glioblastoma, 815
Glomerulopathies, 443-445
Glucagon
for anaphylaxis, 388
esophageal dysphagia, 628
for hypoglycemia, 869
Glucocorticoids, 184
for anaphylaxis, 388
for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), 934
for epiglottitis, 496
for hypercalcemia, 417
for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 902-903
rheumatology, 934-935
for polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), 931
secondary adrenal failure, 884
side effects, 934-935
solid organ transplantation, 610
for spondyloarthritides (SpAs), 913
for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 914
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), 717
tuberculosis, 505
for warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 771
Glucose levels, 49
diabetes, 23-24
hypoglycemia, 868
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, 769
#945;-Glucosidase inhibitors, 856t
Gluten-free diet, 661
Glycemic control, 842-843
Glycoprotein IIb#8725;IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) antagonists, 122
Goiter, 881-883
Gonococcal pharyngitis, 496
Gonorrhea, 581t
Goodpasture syndrome, 453
Gorlin equation, 190
Gout, 903-905, 906t-908t
Graded dose challenge, 383
Graft rejection, 613-621
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), 632, 833
Gram-negative bacillary meningitis, 481
Granulomas, 357
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), 453, 932
Granulomatous interstitial lung disease, 326
Graves disease, 877
Gravity feedings, 46
Group A b-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) pharyngitis, 495-496
Growth hormone, 888
Guanabenz, 65t
Guanadrel, 70
Guanethidine, 70
Guanfacine, 65t
Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), 992-995, 994t
Gum elastic bougie, 942
Gynecologic malignancies, 810-817
H
Habitual loud snoring, 320
Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella (HACEK) species, 488
Haemophilus influenzae, 352, 478
Hairy cell leukemia, 826
Haloperidol, 631
Harris-Benedict equation, 32
Hashimoto disease, 874
Hashimoto thyroiditis, 882
Headache, 981-984
Head and neck cancer, 796-797
Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC), 796-797
Head trauma, 984-986
Health care-associated infections (HAIs), 507, 536-538
Health care-associated meningitis, 478
Heartburn, 635
Heart diseasespecific types
repaired congenital, 204
valvular, 213
Heart failure (HF), 151-170, 865-866
acute, 168-170
classification of, 151
clinical presentation of, 153-155
definition, 151
diagnosis of, 153-156
diagnostic testing of, 155-156
dilated cardiomyopathy, 171
epidemiology of, 151
etiology of, 151, 153t
lifestyle/risk modification for, 167
nonpharmacologic therapies for, 165-166
pathophysiology of, 152-153, 154f
pharmacotherapy of, 156-165
with preserved ejection fraction, 171-172
surgical management, 166-167
treatment of, 156-167
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), 76
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), 76
Heartland virus disease, 528
Heart-lung transplantation, 319
Heart transplant recipients, 615
Heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), 248
Heated nasogastric/bladder lavage, 951
Heated oxygen, hypothermia, 951
Heated peritoneal lavage, 952
Heat exhaustion, 945-946
Heat-induced illness, 945-948
Heat stroke, 946
Heat syncope, 946
Heavy chain deposition disease (HCDD), 448
Helicobacter pylori, 640-641
Helium-oxygen mixture (Heliox), 258
Heller myotomy, 639
Hematochezia, 622
Hematologic disorders, 751-783
Hematologic malignancies, 818-833
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 832
Hematuria, 435
Hemicraniectomy, 980
Hemodialysis, 463-465, 1009
hyperphosphatemia, 421
hypothermia, 952
Hemodynamic measurements, 267-268
Hemoglobin A1C, 843
Hemolysis, 764-765
Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome, 716
Hemolytic anemia
autoimmune, 769-771
drug-induced, 771
microangiopathic, 771-772
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), 441, 716-718
Hemophilia A, 724-725
Hemophilia B, 725-726
Hemoptysis, 343-349, 356
algorithm for evaluating and managing, 345f classification of, 343
clinical presentation of, 344-345
definition, 343
diagnosis of, 344-347
differential diagnosis of, 345 epidemiology of, 343, 344t etiology of, 343, 344t massive/life-threatening, 347 nonmassive, 347 outlook/prognosis of, 349 pathophysiology of, 343-344 referral/consultation for, 349 treatment of, 347-349
Hemorrhagic adrenal infarction, 883
Hemorrhagic stroke, 974
Hemostatic disorders, 711-713
Hemothorax, 371
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, 425 Henoch-Schonlein purpura, 450-451
Heparin(s), 124t
for bradyarrhythmias, 238
for chronic renal insufficiency, 25
for deep frostbite, 949
for peripartum cardiomyopathy, 178
Heparin-induced platelet activation (HIPA), 720
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), 718-720 definition, 718 diagnosis, 719-720 epidemiology, 718 etiology, 718 thrombosis, 720 treatment, 720
Hepatic encephalopathy, 705-706
Hepatic steatosis, 682
Hepatic vein thrombosis (HVT), 697-698
Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), 671 Hepatitis, 880
alcoholic, 682
autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), 684-686
HIV/AIDS, 587
ischemic hepatitis, 696-697
viral, 671-681
Hepatitis A virus (HAV)
clinical and epidemiologic features, 672t diagnosis, 673
outcome and prognosis, 674
principles, 673
treatment, 674
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
AASLD treatment guidelines, 677t
clinical and epidemiologic features, 672t diagnosis, 674, 675t
graft rejection, 618
markers, 675t
outcome and prognosis, 678
prevention, 676-678
principles, 674
treatment, 676
Hepatitis C virus
clinical and epidemiologic features, 672t
clinical presentation, 679
diagnosis, 679
diagnostic testing, 679
graft rejection, 618 outcome and prognosis, 680 prevention, 680 principles, 678-679 treatment, 679-680
Hepatitis D virus, 672t, 678
Hepatitis E virus, 672t, 680-681
Hepatobiliary infections, 509
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 706-708, 803-804 Hepatocellular injury, 681
Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), 438
Heptavalent (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) antitoxin, 1000
Hereditary angioedema, 387
Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), 693-694
Hereditary pancreatitis, 656
Herniation, 956
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
esophagitis, 636
genital herpes, 578, 582
HSV-1, 481
meningitis, 481
HF See Heart failure (HF)
High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), 327
High-resolution manometry (HRM), 628
Histoplasma capsulatum infections, 599-600
Histoplasma capsulatum var.
capsulatum, 519 Histoplasmosis, 519HIV/AIDS
acute infection, 587
aging, 595-596
antiretroviral drugs, 592-593
central nervous system, 601-603 classification, 587 clinical presentation, 589
definition, 587
diagnosis, 589-591
diagnostic criteria, 589-590
diagnostic testing, 590
diarrhea, 604-605
drug interactions, 593
epidemiology, 587-588
esophagitis, 603-604
febrile syndromes, 599-601
hepatitis, 587
history, 589
HIV type 1, 587-596
HIV type 2, 588
immunizations, 591
laboratories, 591
mycobacterium tuberculosis, 598 neoplasms, 605-606 opportunistic infections, 596, 597t pathophysiology, 588 physical examination, 589 pregnancy, 594-595 prevention, 588-589
pulmonary syndromes, 587-598 retinal disease, 601-603
risk factors, 588
sexually transmitted infections, 606-607 treatment, 591-594
HIV entry inhibitors, 593 HIV reverse transcriptase, 588
HLA-B27 test, 911-912
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, 87-88 Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), 826-828 Homocysteine (HC), 760
Homocystinuria, 733
Hormone excess, 889
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), 536-537 Hospital diets, 43
Hospitalized patient
acute care of, 3-8
diabetes mellitus, 844-846 discharge of, 1 general care of, 1
perioperative management, 16-26 perioperative medicine, 8-16 prophylactic measures for, 2-3
24-Hour urine cortisol test, 886
H2 receptor antagonists, 637
Human bites, 536
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), 526 Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME), 526 Human tetanus immunoglobulin, 1001
Hybrid closed loop (HCL) systems, 853
Hydralazine, 65t, 73, 158t
Hydrochlorothiazide, 64t, 158t
Hydrocortisone, 885
Hydroflumethiazide, 64t
Hydrofluoroalkane (HFA), 300
Hydrops fetalis, 757
Hydroxocobalamin, 1059
Hydroxychloroquine, 916t
for Q fever, 535
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 902
for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 915
Hydroxy iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan, 658
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, 125
Hydroxyurea
sickle cell disease, 768
for thrombocytosis, 722
25-Hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), 893
Hyperaldosteronism, 412
Hypercalcemia, 415-418
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, 246, 249
Hypercholesterolemia, 79t
Hypercoagulable states, 974
Hypercontractile disorder, 638
Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), 389
Hyperglycemia, 404
critical care setting, 845
hospitalized patients, 844-845
non-critical care hospital settings, 845-846
Hyper-IgE syndrome, 399
Hyper-IgM syndrome, 398-399
Hyperkalemia, 413-415, 443
Hyperleukocytosis with leukostasis, 835t
Hyperlipidemia, 79, 460
Hypermagnesemia, 422-423
Hypernatremia, 408-411
Hyperosmolality, 408
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), 844, 850-852
complications, 851
diagnosis, 850
epidemiology, 852
monitoring/follow-up, 852
pathophysiology, 852
treatment, 851, 851t
Hyperosmolar hyponatremia, 404, 405
Hyperphosphatemia, 419, 420-421
Hyperprolactinemia, 889-892
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), 335-336
Hypersomnolence, 320
Hypertension, 16
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), 454
chronic kidney disease (CKD), 460
classification, 57-59
clinical presentation, 60-61
complications, 77
definition, 57
diagnosis, 60-61
differential diagnosis, 61
epidemiology, 59
etiology, 60
medications, 62-74, 62t-65t
monitoring/follow-up, 62
special considerations in, 74-77
target organ disease, 57t, 58t
treatment, 62
Hypertensive crisis, 1031
Hypertensive emergency, 58, 74
Hypertensive encephalopathy, 58-59
Hyperthermia, 946
Hyperthyroidism, 877-881, 877t, 883
Hypertonic saline, 352
Hypertriglyceridemia, 79t, 86, 90-91
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 172-175
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), 173, 204
Hyperuricemia, 904
Hyperviscosity syndrome, 923
Hypervolemic hyponatremia, 407 Hypocalcemia, 418-420
Hypocaloric feeding, 32
Hypoglycemia, 867-869
hospitalized patients, 844 unawareness, 869
Hypokalemia, 52-53, 411-413
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis, 411-412
Hypomagnesemia, 52-53, 419, 423-425
Hyponatremia, 404-407
Hypoperfusion, 974
stroke, 974
Hypophosphatemia, 52-53, 421-422
Hypopituitarism, 888-890
Hypopnea, 319
Hypotension, 1052
Hypothalamic disorders, 888
Hypothalamic dysfunction, heat stroke, 947
Hypothermia, 949-952
Hypothyroidism, 874-876, 879
Hypoventilation, 246
Hypovolemic hypernatremia, 411
Hypovolemic hyponatremia, 407
Hypovolemic shock, 263
Hypoxemic respiratory failure, 245-246
Hypoxia, sickle cell disease, 768
I
Iatrogenic hypothyroidism, 874
Iatrogenic pneumothorax, 942, 944
Ibutilide, 220t
Icteric leptospirosis, 533
Idarucizumab, 15
Ideal body weight, 32
Idiopathic bronchiectasis, 351
Idiopathic eosinophilia, 389
Idiopathic hyperprolactinemia, 890
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, 924-926
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, 325
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), 309
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 331-333, 332t, 333f
IKf channel inhibitor, 158t
ILD See Interstitial lung disease (ILD)
Iloprost, 316t
Imipenem-cilastatin-relebactam, 552-553
Immersion injury, 948
Immune Effector Cell-Associated Encephalopathy (ICE) Score, 837
Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), 837
Immune-mediated liver diseases, 684-689
Immune-mediated necrotizing myositis (IMNM), 924
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), 596
Immune thrombocytopenia, 714-716
Immunization, 1061-1076, 1063t-1071t
HIV/AIDS, 591
rabies, 536
sickle cell disease, 768
solid organ transplantation, 613
Immunodeficiency, 351, 396-400HIV/AIDS
eosinophilia, 389
Immunoglobulin A anti-tissue transglutaminase (TTG), 660
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, 450-451
Immunologically mediated drug reactions, 382
Immunomodulators, 646t-647t
Immunosuppression, 718
coagulation factors, 731
for glomerulopathies, 445
infectious diseases, 471
solid organ transplantation, 610
for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 915
Immunotactoid glomerulopathy, 448
Immunotherapy, 790
Impaired cell-mediated immunity, 588
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), 17, 142-143, 165-166
Implantable loop recorder (ILR), 205-206
Impulse conduction, 203
Incidental adenoma, 889
Incidental adrenal nodules, 887-888
Inclusion body myositis (IBM), 924
Incontinence, 965
Indapamide, 65t
Indirect Coombs test, 765
Indolent lymphoma, 829
Infection control, 1076, 1077f, 1078t-1083t
Infections
acute pancreatitis, 655
prophylaxis, 613
in sickle cell disease, 767
stem cell transplantation, 833
Infectious diseases, 470-543specific diseases
Infectious esophagitis, 636
Infectious gastroenteritis, 506
Infective endocarditis (IE), 200-201
clinical presentation, 488
diagnosis, 488-490
etiology, 487-488
prophylaxis, 494t
risk factors, 488
treatment, 490, 491t-492t, 492-493
Inflammatory back pain, spondyloarthritides (SpAs), 910
Inflammatory bowel disease, 643-650
clinical presentation, 644
diagnosis, 644
diagnostic testing, 644
medications, 645t-648t
treatment, 644-650
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated arthritis, 912
Influenza vaccination, 111, 315
Influenza virus infection, 498-499
Informed consent model, 895
Inhalational anthrax, 538
Inhaled b-adrenergic agonists, 388
Inhaled bronchodilators, 282, 352
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), 283, 300-301
Inhaled heliox, 304
Inhaled prostacyclins, 258
Inherited bleeding disorders, 724-728
Inherited disorders, platelet function, 723
Inherited thrombophilia, 733
Initial ventilator settings, 255
Innate immunity defects, 397
Inotropic agents, 163t, 169, 318
Instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR), 106
Insulin
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), 848t
hyperkalemia, 415
preparations, 853, 854t
Insulin therapy
chronic pancreatitis, 657
for T1DM, 852-853
for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 859-860
Integrase, 588
Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), 592
Interface hepatitis, 685
Interferon(s)
renal cancer, 805
for thrombocytosis, 722
Interferon-#947; release assay (IGRA), 504
Intermittent hemodialysis, 463
Intermittent NG suction, 653 Internal hemorrhoids, 659 International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R), 819t Interstitial lung disease (ILD), 325-342
classification of, 325-326
clinical and radiologic features of, 328t-329t clinical presentation of, 326-327, 328t-329t definition, 325 diagnosis of, 327-342 imaging in, 327 management of, 342
Interstitial pneumonitis, 331, 332f Intestinal pseudo-obstruction (Ileus), 652-653 Intra-abdominal infections, 507
Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), 170 Intra-arterial angiography, Takayasu arteritis, 928 Intra-articular steroids, acute gout, 906t
Intracellular crystals, 904 Intracellular fluid (ICF), 401 Intracranial mass, 835t Intractable nausea and vomiting, 864
Intraoperative enteroscopy, gastrointestinal bleeding, 624 Intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH), 974
Intravascular volume, 403
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), 995
MG crises/exacerbations, 998 polymyositis (PM), 926 solid organ transplantation, 612 Intrinsic renal disease, 437, 439-441 Invasive aspergillosis (IA), 521 Invasive candidiasis, 518 Invasive CMV diseases, 603 Inverse-ratio ventilation (IRV), 257 In vitro platelet aggregation, 712 Iodinated contrast, 439-440 Iodine, 35t
Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, 877
Iodoquinol
for chronic diarrhea, 506
for symptomatic amebiasis, 633 Ipratropium, 284t
Irbesartan, 64t
Iron, 36t
chelation therapy, 768
deficiency anemia, 752-755
dextran, 42t, 754
sucrose, 754
therapy
oral, 753-754, 754t parenteral, 754
Irradiation, transfusion, 780, 783 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 650 Isavuconazonium sulfate, 574
Isavuconzole, 574
Ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN), 439 Ischemic colitis, 664
Ischemic heart disease, 98-144specific types clinical presentation of, 99-100 definitions in, 98
diagnostic testing in, 101-107 differential diagnosis of, 101, 101t epidemiology of, 98
etiology of, 98 medications for, 109-111 pathophysiology of, 98-99 pretest probability of, 100t revascularization for, 111-112
risk factors for, 99
treatment of, 107-112
Ischemic hepatitis, 696-697
Ischemic intestinal injury, 664-665
Ischemic mitral regurgitation, 141
Ischemic stroke, 973
Isolated heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 720
Isolated systolic hypertension, 59
Isolation precautions, 1078t-1083t
Isoniazid, 505, 566
Isosorbide dinitrate, 158t
Isradipine, 63t
Itraconazole, 573, 600, 636
Ivabradine, 158t, 161
IV antimicrobial therapy, 849
IV dextrose, 869
IV fluids
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), 848t hypothermia, 951
IV iron preparations, 755t
IV labetalol, 74
IV magnesium sulfate, 304
IV pulse therapy, 914
J
JC virus, 602-603
Jevity, 45t
Job syndrome, 399
Joint deformities, 901
Joint pain, 899-900
Jugular venous distension (JVD), 155
Junctional tachycardia (JT), 205
K
Kaolin, 632
Kaposi sarcoma, 605
Ketamine, 251t
Ketoacidosis, 429
Ketone test, diabetes mellitus, 843
Kidney biopsy, 436
Kidney transplant rejection, 613-614
Killip classification, 114, 114t
L
Labetalol, 63t, 73
Lactation, folate deficiency, 759
Lactic acidosis, 429, 849
Lactulose, 706
Lactulose enema, 706
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), 997
Lamotrigine, 1025t
Large vessel vasculitis, 928-930
Laryngeal mask airway (LMA), 249, 941-942
Latent tetany, 419
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), 504
Laxatives, 355, 634
Leflunomide, 902, 917t
Left heart catheterization, 195
Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), 166, 627
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), 75
Leg ulceration, 766
Leg ulcers, sickle cell disease, 766, 768
Leptospira interrogans, 533
Leptospirosis, 533
Lesinurad, 908t
Letermovir, 571
Leucovorin, 602
Leukemoid reaction, 772
Leukocyte counts, pseudogout, 909
Leukocytosis, 772-773
Leukopenia, 528, 772-773
Leukoreduction, 780
Leukostasis, 821
Leukotriene modifiers, 301
Levalbuterol, 284t
Levetiracetam, 1025t
Levofloxacin, 557
for infectious gastroenteritis, 506 rhinosinusitis, 497
L-glutamine, 768
Liddle syndrome, 412
Lidocaine, 219t, 230, 636
Lifestyle/risk modification
celiac sprue, 661
diabetic nephropathy, 863
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), 638 headache, 984
inflammatory bowel disease, 650
seizures, 969
stroke prevention, 980-981, 980t
Light chain deposition disease (LCDD), 340, 448
Lightheadedness, 204
Lille model, 683
Limited cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa, 931
Limited scleroderma, 921
Linaclotide, 634
functional gastrointestinal disorders, 651
Linagliptin, 857t
Linezolid, 475, 561-562
anthrax, 541
complicated skin and soft-tissue infections, 476
lung abscess, 503
for osteomyelitis, 478
Lip cancers, graft rejection, 620
Lipid emulsions, 49
Lipoglycopeptides, 562
Liposomal amphotericin B, 600
Liquid formulas, 44, 45t
Liraglutide, 858t
Lisinopril, 64t, 158t
Listeria monocytogenes, 478
Lithium, 996, 1032-1034
Liver biopsy, 671
a1-antitrypsin deficiency, 694
hepatitis B virus (HBV), 674
hepatitis C virus, 679
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 707
primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), 688
Liver disease, 728-729
alcoholic liver disease, 682-684
diagnosis, 669-671
drug-induced, 681-682
evaluation, 669-671
hepatic vein thrombosis (HVT), 697-698 immune-mediated, 684-689
ischemic hepatitis, 696-697
metabolic, 691-695
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 695-696 perioperative management of, 21-22 portal vein thrombosis (PVT), 698-699 viral hepatitis, 671-681
Liver dysfunction, 222
Liver transplantation
acute liver failure (ALF), 700
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 707
principles, 708
Liver transplant recipients, 616
Living donor transplants, 609
Lixisentatide, 859t
Lobectomy, pulmonary, 348
Localized scleroderma, 920
Lofgren syndrome, 336
Long-acting b-adrenergic agonists (LABAs), 283, 284t, 301
Long-acting b-agonists, 283, 284t
Long-acting lipoglycopeptides, 562-563
Loop diuretics, 158t, 403, 407
ascites, 703
Loperamide
diarrhea, 632
functional gastrointestinal disorders, 651
Lorazepam, 631
Losartan, 64t, 158t
Lower respiratory tract infections, 497-506
Low HDL cholesterol, 79t, 87, 91
Low inspired oxygen, 246
Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), 123
Lubiprostone, 634
functional gastrointestinal disorders, 651
Lumbar puncture (LP)
coccidioidomycosis, 520
coma, 957
meningitis, 480
neurosyphilis, 583
Luminal gastrointestinal disorders, 635-653
Lung abscess, 503
Lung biopsy
in interstitial lung disease, 330
for pulmonary hypertension, 314
Lung cancer
clinical presentation, 792
diagnostic testing, 792
epidemiology of, 791
etiology of, 791
pathology, 791
screening, 791
staging, 792
treatment, 792-793
Lung transplantation, 319, 333, 356
Lung transplant rejection, 615
Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS), 282
Lupus nephritis (LN), 451-453
Luspatercept, 757
Lymeborreliosis, 524
Lyme disease, 524-525
Lymphadenitis, 523
Lymphocytic-variant hypereosinophilic syndrome (L-HES), 389
Lymphogranuloma venereum, 580t, 584
Lymphoma, 389, 605
Lugano staging, 827
Macitentan, 316t
Macroadenomas, 888, 890
Macrocytic anemia, 758-760
Macrolide antibiotics, 304, 557-558specific types
for chronic obstructive pulmonary, 287
cystic fibrosis, 353
erysipelas, 475
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection, 599 for Q fever, 535
Maculopapular exanthemas, 382
Maculopapular rash, 528
Maddrey's discriminant function (DF), 683
Magnesium, 214, 422-425
for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), 849t
deficiency, 419, 424
gluconate, 42t
sulfate, 42t, 996
Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
renal disease, 435
stroke, 976
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) gallstone disease, 658 liver disease, 671
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
for aortic regurgitation, 199
for constrictive pericarditis, 185
for coronary artery disease, 112
encephalitis, 482
head trauma, 985
liver disease, 670-671
for mitral regurgitation, 195
multiple sclerosis, 971
renal disease, 435
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 901
sarcoma, 816
spondyloarthritides (SpAs), 912
for stable angina, 112
stroke, 976
Malabsorption, 42, 350, 876
Malaria, 531-532
Malignancy
graft rejection, 620
hypercalcemia, 416
Malignant hypercalcemia, 418, 834t
Malignant hypertension, 58
Malignant hyperthermia, 1000
Malignant pleural effusion, 371
Mallampati airway classification, 321, 321t
Malnutrition, 32
Malodorous, 533
Malta fever, 534
Manganese, 36t
Mannitol, 958
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), 830
Maraviroc, 593
Masked hypertension, 59
Mass effects, 889
Massive hemoptysis, 347
Massive pulmonary embolism, 731
Massive transfusion, 781
Mastocytosis, 387
Mean airway pressure, 255
Mechanical ventilation, 254-262
for acute respiratory distress syndrome, 258-259 adjuncts to, 258
for asthma, 304-305
complications of, 259-261
liberation from, 261-262
troubleshooting, 259, 260t
weaning from, 261
Medium vessel vasculitis, 930-931
Megaloblastic anemia, 758-760 Meglitinides, 856t
Melanoma, 814-815
Melena, 622
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), 449-450
Membranous nephropathy, 446-447
Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD), 399 Meningitis, 478-481
Mental status, altered, 955t
Mepolizumab, 302-303, 302t
Meropenem, 509, 552
Meropenem-vaborbactam, 552
Mesalamine, inflammatory bowel disease, 645t
Metabolic acidosis, 425, 428-430, 443
chronic kidney disease (CKD), 460
Metabolic alkalosis, 425, 430-431
Metabolic bone disease, 51-52
Metabolic liver diseases, 691-695
Metastatic soft tissue sarcoma, 816
Metformin, heart failure (HF), 865
Methamphetamines, 1047
Methotrexate, 916t
polymyositis (PM), 926
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 902
spondyloarthritides (SpAs), 912
for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 915
Methyclothiazide, 65t
Methyldopa, 65t
Methylene blue, 267
Methylnaltrexone, 634, 653
Methylprednisolone, 989
Methylxanthines, 304, 1051-1052
Metoclopramide, 663
Metolazone, 65t, 158t
Metoprolol, 63t, 132t, 215t
Metoprolol succinate, 158, 158t
Metoprolol XL, 63t
Metronidazole, 564, 655
brain abscess, 483
for chronic diarrhea, 506
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), 472
for deceubitus ulcer, 476
for diabetic foot ulcer, 476
for diarrhea, 633
lung abscess, 503
for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), 508 tetanus, 473
for tetanus, 1001
for vaginitis/vaginosis, 580t
Mexiletine, 219t
Micafungin, 604
Micafungin sodium, 575
Microadenomas, 888, 890
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), 771-772
Micronutrients, 34, 35t-42t
Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), 933
Microsporidia, 605
Microvascular complications, diabetes mellitus, 860 Midazolam, 251t
Miglitol, 857t
Migraine
acute treatment, 983
with aura, 981
without aura, 981
Mild (or subclinical) hyperthyroidism, 878
Milk-alkali syndrome, 416
Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), 992
Milrinone, 143, 169, 266
Mimick hemosiderosis, 755
Mineral bone disorders, 461-462
Mineralocorticoid excess, 408
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), 161 Minerals, 34
M2 inhibitors, for influenza virus infection, 499 Minimal change disease, 445-446
Minocycline, 560
Minoxidil, 65t
Minute ventilation, 255
Mitral regurgitation (MR), 187, 191-196, 193f, 194f
Mitral stenosis (MS), 187-188
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP), 204
Mixed respiratory failure, 245
Modafinil, 322
Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD), 708
Moexipril, 64t
Moldy perspiration, 533
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, 1031-1032
Monobactams, 552
Monoclonal antibodies, solid organ transplantation, 612-613
Monoclonal gammopathies, 776-778
Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS), 776-777
Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease, 448
Montelukast, 301
Morphine, 125
Mosapride citrate, intestinal pseudo-obstruction (Ileus), 653
Mosquito-borne infections, 528-532
Motor responses, coma, 957
Motor vehicle accidents (MVA), 320
Moxifloxacin, 497, 557
Mucocutaneous candidiasis, 518
Mucorales, 522
Mucormycosis, 522
Multidose AC (MDAC), 1021
Multidose charcoal, 1016
Multidrug anti-TB treatment regimens, 505
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, 503
Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT), 208
Multiple myeloma (MM), 831-832
Multiple sclerosis (MS), 970-971
Muscle weakness, idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, 924
Musculoskeletal involvement
diffuse scleroderma, 921
polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), 931
MuSK antibodies, 997
Myasthenia gravis (MG), 995-998
Myasthenic crisis, 996, 998
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection, 599
Mycobacterium leprae, 523
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 504, 598 Mycophenolate mofetil, 918t
lupus nephritis (LN), 452
polymyositis (PM), 926
for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 915
Mycophenolic acid (MPA), 611
Mycoses, 514
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), 818-820, 819t Myeloproliferative neoplasms, 773-776 Myeloproliferative variants, 389
Myelotoxicity, 603
Myocardial infarction (MI)
acute coronary syndromes, 113-126
clinical presentation of, 114
definition, 113
diagnostic testing in, 114-115 epidemiology, 113
etiology, 113-114
ischemia-driven approach in, 116 ischemic heart disease, 98 non-ST-segment elevation, 113-126 post-ST-segment elevation, 139-140 revascularization strategy, 119t right ventricular, 125, 127 routine invasive approach, 116
ST-segment elevation, 126-144 treatment, 116-126, 117f, 118f, 119t, 120t, 124t unstable angina, 113-126
upstream medical therapy, 131, 131t-132t Myocardial ischemia, 173
Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), 105 Myocarditis, 493-494
Myopathies, 999
Myosin loss myopathy, 999
Myositis-associated antibodies (MAAs), 925, 926
Myositis-specific antibodies (MSAs), 925, 925t
N
Nadolol, 63t
Nafcillin, 548
Nailfold capillary microscopy (NCM), 923
Naldemedine, 634
Naloxegol, 634
Narcotic analgesics
acute pancreatitis, 655
inflammatory bowel disease, 650
Narrow-complex tachyarrhythmia, 203
Nasal cannulas, 247
Nasal CPAP (nCPAP), 323
Native valve infective endocarditis (NVIE), 488, 493
Nausea, 528, 629-631
cancer, 836
chemotherapy-induced, 836
Nebivolol, 63t
Necrotizing fasciitis, 477
Necrotizing pancreatitis, 655
Needle aspiration, transthoracic, 362
Needle cricothyrotomy, 252t-253t, 254
Neisseria meningitidis, 478
Neoatherosclerosis, 140
Neonatal lupus, 920
Neostigmine, 653
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), 408-411
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), 435-436
Nephrolithiasis, 456-458
Nephrotic syndrome, 445
Nephrotoxic agents, 459
Nephrotoxicity
aminoglycosides, 555
amphotericin B therapy, 572
Nerve conduction studies (NCS), 993
Neuraminidase inhibitors, 499
Neurocardiogenic syncope, 242-243
Neurocysticercosis, 483
Neuroglycopenia, 868
Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist, 631
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), 946, 1000
Neurologic complications, in sickle cell disease, 766-767
Neurologic disorders, 954-1001
Neurologic syphilis, 583
Neuromodulators
chronic pancreatitis, 657
esophageal motor disorders, 639
functional gastrointestinal disorders, 652
Neuromuscular disease, 992-1000
Neutropenic fever, 834t
New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, 151, 152t
Niacin, 39t
Nicardipine, 64t, 73
Nicotine replacement therapy, 277, 278t
Nicotinic acid, 89
Nifedipine, 64t, 316t
Nifedipine XL, 64t
Nisoldipine, 64t
Nitazoxanide, 506, 604
Nitrates, 100-110, 110t
Nitric oxide (NO), 258
Nitrofurantoin, 564-565
Nitroglycerin, 73
for acute coronary syndromes, 124-125
for acute heart failure, 169
for cardiogenic pulmonary edema, 169
esophageal dysphagia, 628
for heart failure, 169
for ischemic heart disease, 99
for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, 132t
Nitroimidazole, 564
Nitroprusside, 1041t
Nocardia, 482
Nocardia infection, 515t-517t
Nocardiosis, 522-523
Nocturnal oximetry, 314
Nodal neck dissection, 797
Nodular goiter, 882
Nodular lymphocyte predominant (NLPHL), 827
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 695-696
Nonbinary, 578, 897
Noncontrast head CT scan, stroke, 975
Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), 964
Nondihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists, 174
Nonendometrial uterine tumor, 812
Nonhemolytic febrile transfusion reactions, 782
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), 828-830
Non-IgE-mediated anaphylaxis, 387
Noninsulin medications, diabetes, 856t-859t
Noninvasive oxygen therapy, 247-249
Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV), 248-249
Noninvasive ventilation, 289, 290t
Nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM), 224
Nonmassive hemoptysis, 347
Non-nicotine pharmacotherapy, 277, 278t
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), 592
Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia, 664
Nonpurulent skin and soft-tissue infections, 475-476
Nonrebreathing masks, 248
Nonrenal water loss, hyperosmolality, 408
Nonsecretory macroadenomas, 888
Nonsecretory microadenomas, 888
Nonseminoma, 810
Non-small-cell lung cancer, 792-793
Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), 333-335, 334f
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
for acute coronary syndromes, 125
for acute gout, 906t
acute pericarditis, 184
adverse drug reaction (ADR), 381
asthma, 294
avoidance, in heart failure, 167 chronic kidney disease (CKD), 459 gastrointestinal bleeding, 623
overdoses, 1017-1018
for pericarditis, 495
platelet function, 723
for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 902-903 spondyloarthritides (SpAs), 912
for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 914
Nonstructural protein 3/4A (NS3/4A) protease inhibitors (PIs), 680
Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), 113-126 clinical presentation of, 114
definition, 113
diagnostic testing in, 114-115
epidemiology, 113
etiology and pathophysiology of, 113-114 monitoring/follow-up in, 126 revascularization for, 125-126
treatment of, 116-126
Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT), 224
Nonthyroidal illness, 875
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), 352, 504, 523
Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 625-626
Norepinephrine, 143, 169, 265, 1052
Normal BP, 57
Normal hemostasis, 711
NS5A inhibitors, 680
NS5B polymerase inhibitors, 680
Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), 472
cervicitis/urethritis, 586 lymphogranuloma venereum, 584 pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), 587 trichomoniasis, 585
Nucleotide and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 592
Nutritional deficiencies, 689-690
Nutrition support, 32-54
assessment for, 34-43, 35t-42t
enteral nutrition for, 43-48, 45t
nutrient requirements in, 32-34, 33t
parenteral nutrition for, 48-53, 54t
refeeding severely malnourished patient in, 52-53, 54t
Nutrition therapy, diabetes management, 843
Nystatin, 604
suspension, solid organ transplantation, 613
O
Obesity
asthma with, 294
hypertension, 75
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 320
Obeticholic acid (UDCA), 687
Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, 622
Obstructive lung disease, 276-306
Obstructive series, 653
Obstructive shock, 263-264
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 295
Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), 319-324
classification of, 319
clinical presentation of, 320-321
complications of, 324
definition, 319
epidemiology of, 319-320
etiology of, 320
lifestyle/risk modification for, 324
pathophysiology of, 320
prevention of, 320
referral to specialist in, 324
risk factors for, 320
special considerations in, 324
symptoms for, 320, 321t
treatment of, 322-324
Occult gastrointestinal bleeding, 622
Octreotide, 626, 632, 893
Odynophagia, 627
Ofloxacin, 556
Ogilvie syndrome, 652
Olanzapine, 631
Oligoarthritis, 909
Oliguric acute kidney injury, 442t
Olmesartan, 64t
Olsalazine, inflammatory bowel disease, 645t
Omadacycline, 560
Omalizumab, 302, 302t
Omega-3 fatty acids, 214
Oncologic emergencies, 834-838, 834t-835t
Ondansetron, 631, 691
Ophthalmologic examinations, sickle cell disease, 768
Opioid analgesics, 6-7
equipotent doses of, 6, 7t
Opioids, 767, 1018-1020
clinical presentation, 1018-1019
diagnostic testing, 1019
opioid use disorder (OUD), 1019-1020 pathophysiology, 1018
treatment, 1019
Opioid use disorder (OUD), 1019-1020 medications for, 1020t
Optic neuritis, 568
Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), 840
Oral iron therapy, 753-754, 754t
Oral rehydration solutions, 44
Organizing pneumonia, 337-338
Oritavancin, 563
Oropharyngeal dysphagia, 627-628
Orthostatic hemodynamic changes, gastrointestinal bleeding, 623
Orthostatic hypotension, 243, 864
Oseltamivir, 569
for influenza virus infection, 499
Osmolal gap, 429
Osmotic diuresis, 408
Osmotic laxatives, 634
Osteitis fibrosa cystica, 461
Osteomalacia, 893-894
Osteomyelitis, 478, 479t
Osteopenia, 355
Osteoporosis, 690, 880
Ototoxicity, aminoglycosides, 555
Ovarian cancer, 813-814
Overdoses, 890-893
definition, 1003
diagnosis, 1003, 1006-1008
seizures, 1010
treatment, 1008-1009
Overlap syndrome, 920, 924
Overnight dexamethasone suppression test, 886
Overt gastrointestinal bleeding, 622
Oxacillin, 548
infective endocarditis (IE), 490
for meningitis, 481
for osteomyelitis, 478
Oxazolidinones, 561-562 Oxcarbazepine, 1023-1024
Oxygen administration, gastrointestinal bleeding, 625 Oxygen toxicity, 261
P
Pacemakers, 17
rhythms, 239f
Pacing modes, 238
Packed RBCs (pRBCs) transfusion, 779
Paget disease, 894
Pain, 6-7
Painful peripheral neuropathy, 863
Palpitations, 204
Pancreatic cancer, 801-802
Pancreatic diabetes, 840
Pancreatic enzyme supplements, chronic pancreatitis, 657
Pancreatic insufficiency, 353
Pancreaticobiliary disorders, 654-659 Pancreatitis, 643
Pancytopenia, 763
Pantothenic acid, 39t
Papillary muscle rupture, 144
Papillary serous adenocarcinoma of unknown primary, 817 Paracentesis, 702
Parasitic infection, graft rejection, 620
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), 415
Parenteral antihypertensive agents, 70-74, 71t-72t
Parenteral iron therapy, 754
Parenteral nutrition, 48-53, 54t
central, 48
complications of, 50-52
long-term home, 49-50
metabolic bone disease, 51-52
peripheral, 49-52
Parenteral solutions, 402t
Parenteral vasodilators, 169
Parkinson disease (PD), 990-992, 991t
Paromomycin
for chronic diarrhea, 506
for symptomatic amebiasis, 633
Passive immunization, 1061
Patient-controlled analgesia pump, 767 Patient education
diabetes management, 843
for hypoglycemia, 869
seizures, 969
PCSK9 inhibitors, 90
Peak airway pressure, 255
Pectin, diarrhea, 632
Pegloticase, 908t
Pegvisomant, 893
Pegylated IFNs, 676
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), 582t, 586-587
Penicillamine, 692
Penicillin(s), 471, 547-548
adverse events, 548
for anaerobic myonecrosis, 477
erysipelas, 475
lung abscess, 503
lyme disease, 525
for meningitis, 481
necrotizing fasciitis, 477
for pharyngitis, 495
Penicillin allergy, 380
Penicillin G
for erysipelas, 475
leptospirosis, 533
for tetanus, 473, 1001
Penicillin V, 475, 495, 548
Pentoxifylline, 684
Peppermint oil, 651
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD), 640-643
Peramivir, 499, 569
Percutaneous balloon angioplasty (BPA), 315
Percutaneous cholecystostomy, gallstone disease, 658
Percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy (PMBC), 188
Percutaneous pericardiocentesis, 186
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), liver disease, 671
Perforation, 643, 662
Perianal neoplasia, 606
Periarthritis, 899
Pericardial disease, 183-186
Pericardial friction rub, 183
Pericardial space, 183
Pericardial window, 186
Pericarditis, 494-495
Perindopril, 64t
Perioperative anticoagulation, 14-16
Peripartumcardiomyopathy (PPCM), 177-178
Peripheral inflammatory arthritis, 910
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD), 866
Perirectal abscess, 660
Peritoneal dialysis, 465-466, 508
Peritonitis, 465-466, 508
Peritonsillar abscess, 495
Permanent pacing, 238
Petechiae, 711
Pharmacologic prophylaxis, 2
Pharmacologic stress testing, 104-105
Pharyngitis, 495-496
Phencyclidine (PCP), 1007
Phenothiazines, 629
Phenylephrine, 143, 265
Phenytoin, 230, 1020-1022
pH impedance monitoring, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), 637
Phlebotomy, 693
Phosphate, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), 849t
Phosphate restriction, chronic kidney disease (CKD), 460
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, 162, 923
Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors, 287
Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, 315
Phospholipids, 78
Phosphorus, 420-422
balance, 420
Photosensitivity, 222, 913
Phylloquinone, 39t
Physical therapy
polymyositis (PM), 926
scleroderma, 922
Piecemeal necrosis, 685
Pigment nephropathy, 440
Pindolol, 63t
Pioglitazone, 857t
Piperacillin-tazobactam, 503
Pituitary adenomas, 888-890
Pituitary apoplexy, 889
Pituitaryimaging, hyperprolactinemia, 891
Plague, 532, 541-542
Plasma cortisol, 884
Plasma exchange (PEX)
Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), 995
for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 717
Plasma-free thyroxine (T4), 872
Plasma IGF-1, 892
Plasma osmolality, 405
Plasmapheresis
deposition disorders, 449
MG crises/exacerbations, 998
Plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), 872, 875 Plasmodium falciparum, 531-532
Plasmodium malariae, 531-532
Plasmodium ovale, 531-532
Platelet function assay-100 (PFA-100), 712 Platelets, 730
disorders, 713-724
refractoriness, 779-780
transfusion, 729, 779
Plazomicin, 555
Plecanatide, 634, 651
Pleural effusion, 364-372
clinical presentation of, 367
complications of, 372
definition, 364
diagnosis of, 367-370 diagnostic criteria for, 368 differential diagnosis of, 368 epidemiology of, 364
etiology of, 364-366, 365t-366t pathophysiology of, 366-367 risk factors for, 367
treatment of, 370-372
Pleural sclerosis, 944
Pleuromutilin, 565-566
Pneumatic dilation, 639
Pneumoconioses, 339-340
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis, 342, 587-598
Pneumonia
eosinophilic, 326
interstitial, 325, 329t
organizing, 325, 337-338
ventilator-associated, 254
Pneumonia Severity Index, 501
Pneumonic plague, 542
Pneumothorax, 356, 371-372, 942-945
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), 930-931
Polyclonal antibodies, solid organ transplantation, 612
Polycystic kidney disease, 454-456
Polycythemia vera (PV), 774-776, 774t
diagnostic criteria, 774, 774t
treatment, 776
Polyethylene glycol, 634
Polymeric formulas, 44
Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PMVT), 224
Polymyositis (PM), 924, 999
Polymyxin B, 563
Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, 817
Portal hypertension, 701-702
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT), 698-699
Posaconazole, 573, 604
Positron emission tomography (PET)
for Alzheimer disease (AD), 962
renal cancer, 805
for solitary pulmonary nodule, 361-362
Takayasu arteritis, 928
Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), 1061
health care personnel guidelines, 1075t
rabies, 1061-1062, 1076t
recommendations, 1072-1074
Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), 929
Postfibrinolysis care, 137
Postinfectious glomerulonephropathy, 451
Postobstructive diuresis, 439
Postoperative respiratory failure, 245
Postprandial hypoglycemia, 868
Postrenal disease, 437-439
Post-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction medical therapy, 139-140
Posttransfusion purpura (PTP), 720-721, 783
Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD), 620
Potassium imbalances (disorders), 411-415
Potassium restriction, chronic kidney disease (CKD), 460
Potassium-sparing agents, 66-67
Potassium-sparing diuretics, 403
Prasugrel, 120t, 121, 131t
Praziquantel, 483
Prazosin, 65t
Prednisolone, 684
Prednisone
adrenal failure, 885
adrenal insufficiency, 24
asthma, 303
chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD), 288, 289t
for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 446
interstitial lung disease, 332
lupus nephritis (LN), 452
for minimal change disease, 446
polymyositis (PM), 926
tuberculosis, 505
Predominantly antibody deficiencies, 396
Preeclampsia-eclampsia, 76
Pregabalin, chronic pancreatitis, 657
Pregnancy
folate deficiency, 759
HIV/AIDS, 594-595
hypertension, 76-77
hyperthyroidism, 881
infectious diseases in, 471
Pulmonaryhypertension, 315
sickle cell disease, 767
in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 920 thyroxine (T4), 876
Pregnancy test, radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, 879
Premeal insulin, 853
Prerenal azotemia, 437
Prerenal disease, 437-438
Pressure control (PC), 255
Pressure-regulated VC ventilation, 257
Pressure support ventilation (PSV), 255
Pretransfusion testing, 780
Preventive cardiology, 57-91
Priapism, 18, 766
Primary adrenal failure, 883
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), 686-687
Primary ciliary dyskinesia, 351
Primary eosinophilia, 388
Primary headache syndromes, 981
Primary hemostasis, 711-712
Primary hyperparathyroidism, 416, 417-418
Primary hypothyroidism, 874-876
Primary immune thrombocytopenia, 714
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs), 396-400
Primary mineralocorticoid excess, 412
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF)
diagnostic criteria, 774, 775t
treatment, 776
Primary peritonitis, 508
Primary pneumothorax, 944
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), 970
Primary prophylaxis, 596
Primary Raynaud phenomenon (RP), 923
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), 688-689
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax, 942
Primary syphilis, 583
Probenecid, 907t
Procainamide, 219t
Procaine PCN G, 547
Progesterone receptor (PR), 794
Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), 790
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), 602
Prolactin, 888
Prolactin-secreting macroadenomas, 2
Prominent second heart sound, 311
Pronouns, 578
Propafenone, 218, 219t, 221
Prophylactic medications, headache treatment, 983-984
Propofol, 251t
Propranolol, 63t, 215t, 881
Propranolol LA, 63t
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, 111
Proptosis, 877
Prostate cancer
clinical presentation, 807
diagnostic testing, 807
epidemiology of, 807
etiology of, 807
pathology, 807
screening, 807
staging, 808
treatment, 808
Prostatic enlargement, 438
Prostatitis, 511, 513
Prosthetic heart valves, 199-200
infective endocarditis in, 200-201
pregnant patients, 201, 201f
Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE), 488-489, 492-493
Protease inhibitors (PIs), 592-593
Protein intake, 32-33
Proteinuria, 435, 460
Prothrombin complex concentrate, 729
Prothrombin gene G20210A, 733
Prothrombin time (PT), 712-713
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), 122, 627, 637 Proximal lower extremity deep vein thrombosis, 731 Proximal renal tubular acidosis (RTA), 428 Prucalopride, 634, 653
Pruritus, 690-691
Pseudocysts, 655
Pseudogout, 908-909
Pseudohemoptysis, 345
Pseudohyperkalemia, 413
Pseudohyponatremia, 405 Pseudomembranous colitis, 632
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 352
PTH-related peptide (PTHrP), 416 Pulmonary angiography, 314
Pulmonary aspergillomas, 520
Pulmonary aspiration, 47
Pulmonary disease, 17-20
Pulmonary embolism (PE), 731
Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
for asthma, 297
in chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD), 281
in interstitial lung disease, 327, 329-330
in pulmonary hypertension, 312, 314 Pulmonary hypertension (PH), 309-319
algorithm, 317f
classification of, 309, 310t
clinical presentation of, 310
definition, 309
diagnosis of, 311-315
epidemiology of, 309
left heart disease, 309, 310t
lung disease/hypoxemia, 309, 310t
pathophysiology of, 309-311
prevention of, 311
prognosis of, 319
sickle cell disease, 766, 768
treatment of, 315-319, 316t, 317f, 318t
with unclear multifactorial mechanisms, 309, 310t
Pulmonary infection, nontuberculous mycobacteria, 523
Pulmonary involvement, diffuse scleroderma, 921, 922
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH), 339
Pulmonary rehabilitation, 285, 286, 332
Pulmonary-renal syndromes, 453-454
Pulmonary syndromes, HIV/AIDS, 587-598
Pulmonary Ihromboendarterectomy, 315
Pulmonary toxicity, 222
Pulseless disease, 928-929
Purulent skin and soft tissue infections, 475
Push enteroscopy, gastrointestinal bleeding, 624
Pyelonephritis, 441, 513-514
P2Y12 inhibitor, 133
Pyrazinamide, 505, 567
Pyridostigmine, 998
Pyridoxine, 40t
Pyrimethamine, 602
Pyuria, 510, 511
Q
Q fever, 534-535
Qualitative platelet disorders, 723-724
Quetiapine, 958
Quinacrine, 633
Quinapril, 64t
Quinidine, 219t
Quinine, 996
Quinine sulfate, 531
Quinolones, 996
Quinupristin/dalfopristin, 565
Q waves, 128
R
Rabbit antithymocyte globulin, 612
Rabies, 536
Radiation therapy, 788-789
breast cancer, 795
prostate cancer, 808
Radicular signs, 988
Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, hyperthyroidism, 879
Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU), 878
Radiocontrast sensitivity reactions, 387
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), 210, 707
Radionuclide scanning, renal disease, 436
Ramipril, 64t, 158t
Ranolazine, 110
Rapid antigen detection testing (RADT), 495
Rapid diagnostic testing, 470
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, 440
Rapid urease assay, 641
Raynaud phenomenon (RP), 922-924
Reactive thrombocytosis, 722
Rebound headache, 981
Rebound ketoacidosis, 849-850
Recombinant factor VIIa, 729, 731
Recombinant human deoxyribonuclease, 352
Recombinant porcine factor VIII, 731
Rectal tubes, 653
Recurrent cystitis, 510-511
Red cell distribution width (RDW), 751-752
Red man's syndrome, 387
Refeeding syndrome, 421
Reflux esophagitis, 922
Regadenoson, 104
Regurgitation, 635
Rejection, of transplant, 614-616
Relapsed/refractory immune thrombocytopenia, 715
Relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 830
Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), 970
Relative reticulocyte count, 752
Remdesivir, 500, 571-572
Renal abscesses, 441
Renal allograft dysfunction, 615
Renal cancer
clinical presentation, 804
diagnostic testing, 804-805
epidemiology of, 804
etiology of
pathology, 804
staging, 805
treatment, 805
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), 804-805
Renal disease
acute (acute kidney injury), 436-443
diagnostic procedures, 436
diagnostic testing, 434-435
graft rejection, 620
patient evaluation, 434-436
urine studies, 435
Renal failure, acute pancreatitis, 656
Renal involvement
diffuse scleroderma, 921, 922
hypothermia, 950
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 913
Renal medulla infarction, 766
Renal replacement therapy, 462-467
Renal transplantation, 466-467
Renal vein thrombosis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), 459
Renal water loss, 408
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), 153
Renin-angiotensin system, 67-68
Repaired congenital heart disease, 204
Reserpine, 65t, 70
Resistant hypertension, 59
Reslizumab, 302-303, 302t
Respiratory acidosis, 425, 432
Respiratory alkalosis, 425, 432-433
Respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD), 338
Respiratory depression, 7
Respiratory disturbance index (RDI), 319
Respiratory effects, hypothermia, 950
Respiratory effort-related arousals (RERAs), 319
Respiratory failure, 245-247
Respiratory rate and pattern, coma, 956
Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 Criteria, 791t Restenosis, 140
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), 176-177, 184
Reticulocyte index (RI), 752
Retinol, 37t
Retinopathy, 766
Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND), 810
Retropharyngeal abscess, 495
Revascularization
coronary, 111-112, 165
for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 125-126
for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), 125
perioperative, 13
Rewarming, hypothermia, 951-952
Reynolds pentad, 509, 658
Rhabdomyolysis, 440, 999
Rheumatic fever, 187
Rheumatic mitral stenosis, 187
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 901-903
Rheumatoid factor (RF), 330
Rhinitis, eosinophilia, 391
Rhinosinusitis, 295, 496-497
Ribavirin, 680
Rifabutin, 567, 599
Rifampin, 567
for anaplasmosis, 526
for brucellosis, 534
for pruritus, 691
tuberculosis, 505
Rifamycins, 567
Rifapentine, 567
Rifaximin, 706
Rightheartcatheterization, 156
for mitral regurgitation, 194
for pulmonary hypertension, 314
Rigidity disorders, 1000-1001
Rimantadine, 499
Riociguat, 316t
Rituximab, 715
acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 717
lupus nephritis (LN), 453
solid organ transplantation, 612-613
for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 915
for warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 771
Rocky mountain spotted fever (RMSF), 525
Rocuronium, 251t
Romiplostim, 715
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), 638 Roxadustat, 762
S
Sacral nerve stimulation, 635
Sacroiliitis, 534
Sacubitril/valsartan, 64t, 159
Salicylates, 1014-1017
Salivary cortisol, 886
Salmeterol, 284t
Sarcoidosis, lung disease in, 336-337, 337t
Sarcoma, 816-817
Sausage digit, 910
Saxagliptin, 857t
SC allergen immunotherapy (SCIT), 304
Scleroderma, 920-922
Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis, 466
Sclerotherapy, gastrointestinal bleeding, 626
Secondary adrenal failure, 883, 884
Secondary eosinophilia, 389
Secondary headaches, 981
Secondary hemostasis, 711-713
Secondary hyperaldosteronism, 412
Secondaryhyperparathyroidism, 461
Secondary hypothyroidism, 876
Secondary immune thrombocytopenia, 714-716
Secondary immunodeficiencies, 396
Secondary peritonitis, 508
Secondary pneumothorax, 944
Secondary prophylaxis, 596
Secondary Raynaud phenomenon (RP), 923
Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, 942
Secondary syphilis, 583
Secretory adenomas, 888
Sedative hypnotic, 1044-1045
Segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis (SCAD), 662
Seizures, 963-969, 965t, 1051
Selective COX-2 inhibitors
spondyloarthritides (SpAs), 912
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 914
Selective IgA deficiency, 397-398
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), 243, 652, 1026-1027
Selenium, 36t
Selexipag, 316t
Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), 842-843
Semielemental oligomeric formulas, 44
Seminoma, 810
Sensor augmented pump (SAP) therapy, 853
Septal defect closure, 319
Septic arthritis, 899
Septicemic plague, 541
Septic shock, 264-265
Serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists, 631
Serotonin release assay (SRA), 720
Serotonin syndrome, 1000, 1027-1029
Serum alkaline phosphatase, Paget disease, 894
Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) galactomannan assay, 521
Serum calcium, 416
Serum methylmalonic acid (MMA), 760
Serumphosphorus, 416
Serum-to-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
ascites, 702
hepatic vein thrombosis, 698
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), 499
Severe asymptomatic hypertension, 74
Severe hyponatremia, 407
Severe symptomatic hypomagnesemia, 424-425
Sexual history, 577-578, 895
Sexually transmitted infections
HIV/AIDS, 606-607
treatment of, 579t-582t
ulcerative, 578, 582
vaginitis and vaginosis, 584-587
Sexual orientation, 578
SGLT2 inhibitors
diabetic nephropathy, 863
heart failure (HF), 865
Shiga toxigenic E. coli hemolytic-uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS), 717-718 Shock, 262-272
adrenal failure, 884
classification of, 262-264
critical care ultrasound, 268-272
hemodynamic measurements in, 267-268
respiratory failure, 245
septic, 264-265
Short-acting b-agonists, 283, 284t
Short-acting bronchodilators, 297
Shunts, 246, 247t
surgery, gastrointestinal bleeding, 627
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, 351
Sickle cell disease (SCD), 765-769
Sickle cell trait, 765
Sideroblastic anemias, 758
Sigmoidoscopy, diarrhea, 632
Sildenafil, 316t
for Raynaud phenomenon, 923
Silicosis, 340
Simple facemask, 248
Simultaneous liver kidney (SLK) transplant, 438
Single- and double-balloon enteroscopy, 624
Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), 962 Sinoatrial nodal reentrant tachycardia (SANRT), 210 Sinoatrial (SA) node, 231
Sinus arrest, 233, 235
Sinus bradycardia, 233
Sinus exit block, 235
Sinus node dysfunction, 233, 235f
Sinus rhythm, 209
Sinus tachycardia (ST), 208-209
Sirolimus, 341, 611-612
Sitagliptin, 857t
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), 476
Skin cancers, graft rejection, 620
Skin involvement
diffuse scleroderma, 921, 922
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 913
Skin testing, 383
Small-cell lung cancer, 793
Small-vessel disease, 973
Small vessel vasculitis, 932-934
Smoking
and asthma, 295
cessation, 277, 278t
chronic kidney disease (CKD), 460
and chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD), 277 inflammatory bowel disease, 650
and interstitial lung disease, 338-339
and solitary pulmonary nodule, 358
Smooth muscle relaxants, 639
Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS), 111
Sodium imbalances (disorders), 404-411
Sodium bicarbonate, 267
carbamazepine, 1024
oxcarbazepine, 1024
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2), 857t-858t Sodium nitroprusside, 70, 74, 169
Sodium phosphate, 634-635
Sodium restriction
chronic kidney disease (CKD), 459
for glomerulopathies, 444
Soft tissue infection, 475-478
Solid malignancies, 791-797
Solid organ transplantation, 609-621
complications, 618-620
diagnosis, 609
graft rejection, 613-621 infections, 618-620 living donor, 609 malignancy, 620
treatment, 610-613
Solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN), 357-363 assessment criteria for, 359t benign vs.
malignant, 357 clinical presentation of, 358 definition, 357 diagnosis of, 358-363differential diagnosis of, 359, 361t epidemiology of, 357 etiology of, 357-358
monitoring/follow-up of, 363 risk factors for, 358 treatment, 363
Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, 315
Sorafenib, 707-708
Sotalol, 214, 220t, 230
Specific antibody deficiency, 398
Speech therapy, transgender individuals, 897
Spinal cord compression, 835t, 987
Spinal cord concussion, 986
Spinal cord syndromes, 988
Spirometry, 327
Spironolactone, 65t, 66-67, 158t
ascites, 702
transgender women, 896
Splenectomy, 716, 757
gastrointestinal bleeding, 627
for warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 771 Spondyloarthritides (SpAs), 910-913 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), 508, 703-704 SpontaneousZunprovoked venous thromboembolism, 733 Sporothrix schenckii, 521
Sporotrichosis, 521
Stable angina, 98-113
clinical presentation of, 99-100, 100t
diagnostic testing, 101-107, 103t, 105t differential diagnosis of, 101, 101t, 102t epidemiology of, 98
etiology of, 98
monitoring/follow-up in, 112-113 prevention of, 99
risk factors for, 99
treatment of, 107-112, 108f, 109t, 110t
Stage 1 hypertension, 58
Stage 2 hypertension, 58 Standard precautions, 1076
Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome, 473, 474t Staphylococcus aureus
cystic fibrosis, 352
toxic shock syndrome, 473
Staphylococcus Iugdunensis, 488
Statins
for coronary artery disease, 111
for glomerulopathies, 445
preoperative, 13
stable angina, 111
Status epilepticus, 964
convulsive and nonconvulsive, 968f
treatment, 967f
Steatorrhea, 631
Stem cell transplantation, 832-833
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, 352
Stent thrombosis, 140
Sterile pyuria, 511
Steroid-sparing agent, giant cell arteritis (GCA), 930
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), 383
Stimulant laxatives, 634
Stool examination, eosinophilia, 391
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, 474, 474t
Streptococcus anginosus, 482
Streptococcus gallolyticus, 488
Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis, 478
Streptogramin, 565
Streptomycin, 568
plague, 542
for tularemia, 527
Stress-induced peptic ulcer disease, 259, 261
Stress testing
contraindications to, 104
with imaging, 105
indications for, 104
modalities, 104-105
overview of, 102
pharmacologic, 104-105
Strictures, 638
Stroke, 973-981
systemic emboli, 214, 217
Struvite stones, 456-457
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 126-144 complications of, 141-144
definition of, 126
diagnosis of, 127-130
diagnostic testing of, 127-130
differential diagnosis of, 129t
epidemiology of, 126
medications for, 131-134, 131t-132t pathophysiology of, 126
peri-infarct management of, 138-139 treatment of, 130-140
Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE), 488
Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, 915 Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), 975-977 Subclass deficiency, 398
Subclinical hyperthyroidism, 880
Subclinical hypothyroidism, 876
Subcutaneous (SC) injectable therapies, 858t-859t
Subcutaneous (SC) insulin, 853
Submassive pulmonary embolism, 731 Succinylcholine, 251t
Sucralfate, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), 641
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), 223
Sudden cardiac death (SCD), 224
Sudden-onset focal neurologic deficit, 971
Sulfadiazine, 559, 602
Sulfasalazine, 917t
inflammatory bowel disease, 645t rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 902 spondyloarthritides (SpAs), 912
Sulfonamide allergy, 381
Sulfonamides, 559-560
Sulfonylureas (SFU), 856t
Superficial frostbite, 948-949
Superficial swab cultures, 476
Superficial thrombophlebitis, 733-734
Superficial venous thrombophlebitis, 731
Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome, 835t Supersaturated potassium iodide (SSKI), 880 Supplemental oxygen, 285, 289
Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (SVTs), 206-210 classification of, 206, 207f
clinical presentation of, 208 definition, 206
diagnosis of, 208-210
differential diagnosis of, 208-210
epidemiology of, 206, 208
treatment of, 210, 211t
Surgical biopsy, 331
Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (SMVT), 224 Sympathetic ganglion blockade, Raynaud phenomenon, 924 Sympathomimetics, 1004, 1047-1052
Sympathomimetic toxidrome, 1031
Symptomatic cholelithiasis, 657
Symptomatic hypermagnesemia, 423
Symptom control, inflammatory bowel disease, 650 Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV), 255 Syncope, 204, 240-243, 242f
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH), 404, 407 Synovial fluid analysis, arthritis, 899, 900, 900t
Syphilis, 579t, 582-584
diagnosis, 573
principles, 572
Systemic corticosteroids, 288, 300
Systemic emboli, 214, 217
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), 264
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 913-920
Systemic sclerosis, 920-922
Systolic anterior motion (SAM), 173
T
Tachyarrhythmias, 203-231
acute rejection, heart, 615
bradyarrhythmias and, 233 classification of, 203 clinical presentation of, 204-205 diagnosis of, 204-206
etiology of, 203
treatment of, 206
Tachy-brady syndrome, 235
Tacrolimus, 620-621
Tadalafil, 316t
Taenia solium, 483
Tagged red blood cell (RBC) scanning, gastrointestinal bleeding, 624
Takayasu arteritis, 928-929
Tap water enemas, 635
Tardive dyskinesia, 631
Technosphere insulin, 853
Tedizolid, 561-562
Telavancin, 562
Telemetry artifact, 226
Telmisartan, 64t
Temporal arteritis, 981
Temporal artery biopsy, giant cell arteritis (GCA), 930
Temporizing methods, 958
Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), 676
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), 676
Tension pneumothorax, 942, 944-945
Terazosin, 65t
Terbinafin, 576
Tertiary syphilis, 583
Testicular cancer, 808-810
Testosterone therapy, transgender men, 895-896
Tetanus, 473, 1001
Tetracyclines, 471, 560-561
Thalassemia, 756-757, 756t
b-Thalassemia, 756
intermedia, 756
a-Thalassemia major, 756
b-Thalassemia major, 756
b-Thalassemia minor, 756
Thalassemia syndromes, 756
Thalidomide, 626
Theophylline, 287-288, 1051
Thiamine, 39t, 50, 951, 958, 961
Thiazide diuretics, 158t, 403
Thiazolidinediones, 857t
Thienopyridines, 724
Thionamide therapy, hyperthyroidism, 879-880
Thoracentesis, 370, 501
Thrombin time, 713
Thrombocytopenia, 528
classification, 714t
definition, 713
Thrombocytosis, 721-723
Thromboembolic complications, 719
Thromboembolism See Venous thromboembolism (VTE) Thrombolytic therapy, 139t
Thrombophlebitis, 731
Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RA), 715
Thrombosed external hemorrhoids, 659
Thrombosis, 731
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), 440-441
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), 441, 716-718
Thymectomy, 998
Thymoma, 997
Thyroid carcinoma, 881-883
Thyroid dysfunction, 222
Thyroidectomy, 880
Thyroid function tests
drug effects, 872-874, 873t
nonthyroidal illness, 873
Thyroid nodules, 881-883
Thyroid palpation, 872
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), 872
Thyroxine (T4), 872, 875
Thyroxine-binding globulin, 872
Ticagrelor, 120t, 121, 132t
Tick-borne infections, 524-528
Tigecycline, 560
Timolol, 63t
Tinidazole, 506
Tiotropium, 284t
Tirofib, 724
Tirofiban, 120t
Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), 977, 978t
Tobramycin, 555
Tocopherol, 38t
Todd paralysis, 965
Tongue biting, 965
Tonsillar herniation, 956
Topical nitroglycerin, 923
Topical steroids eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), 636 for systemic lupus erythematosus, 915
Torsades de Pointes (TdP), 224
Torsemide, 65t, 158t
Total body Na+, 401
Total body phosphorus, 420
Total body water (TBW), 401
Total daily energy expenditure (TEE), 32
Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), 753
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN), 846
Total/partial colectomy, 627
Toxic alcohol, 1054-1056
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), 383
Toxic megacolon, 633, 649
Toxic multinodular goiter (MNG), 877
Toxic shock syndromes (TSS), 473-474, 474t
Toxidrome, 1003, 1004t-1006t
Toxin-mediated infections, 472-474
Toxoplasma gondii, 602
Tracheostomy, 254, 324
Trandolapril, 64t
Transarterial chemoembolization, 707
Transarterial radioembolization (TARE), 707
Transbronchial forceps lung biopsy, 331
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), 191
Transcellular shift, 413 hyperphosphatemia, 420 hypophosphatemia, 421
Transcellular water shift, 408
Transcutaneous pacing, 142
Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)
for aortic regurgitation, 198
for mitral regurgitation, 194
for mitral stenosis, 188
Transferrin saturation, 753
Transfusion(s), 778-783
aplastic anemia (AA), 764
complications, 781-783
cryoprecipitate, 780
fresh frozen plasma (FFP), 779
graft-versus-host disease, 783
modifications, 780 noninfectious hazards, 781 packed RBCs (pRBCs), 779
platelets, 779
preoperative, 20 post-transfusion purpura, 783 pretransfusion testing, 780 transfusion-transmitted infections, 781 treatment, 779-780
Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO), 782 Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), 782-783 Transfusion-transmitted infections, 781
Transgender medicine, 577-578, 894-898
Transjugular assessment of portal pressure, 671
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), 626
Transmission-based precautions, 1076, 1078 Transplantation, 466-467, 920
Transplant recipient, 609
Transsphenoidal surgery, 2
Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), 102
for acute pericarditis, 183
for aortic stenosis, 189
for bradyarrhythmias, 236
for cardiac tamponade, 186
for constrictive pericarditis, 184-185
infective endocarditis (IE), 490
for mitral regurgitation, 194
for pulmonary hypertension, 312
for tachyarrhythmias, 205
for ventricular tachyarrhythmias, 228
Transthoracic needle aspiration (TTNA), 362
Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), 806
Transvenous pacing, 142
Transverse myelitis/myelopathy, 987
Trauma, 481
Traumatic pneumothorax, 942
Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI), 986
Traveler’s diarrhea, 506
Trench foot, 948
Treponema pallidum, 582
Treprostinil, 316t
Triamterene, 65t
Trichomonas, 580t
Trichomonas vaginalis, 584
Trichomoniasis, 585
Tricyclic antidepressants, 1029-1030
Trientine, Wilson disease, 692
Trigeminal neuralgia, 981
Triglycerides, 78
Triiodothyronine (T3), 872
Trimethoprim, 559-560
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), 559
for cellulitis, 476
Cyclospora, 604
for deceubitus ulcer, 476
for diabetic foot ulcer, 476
for meningitis, 481
for osteomyelitis, 478
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, 587-598
for prostatitis, 513
for purulent skin and soft tissue infections, 475
for Q fever, 535
solid organ transplantation, 613
for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), 508 traveler’s diarrhea, 506
Triple therapy, 122
Triptans, headache treatment, 983
Trophic hormones, 888
Troponin, 115
Troubleshooting ventilator alarms, 260t
Trousseau sign, 419
True hemoptysis, 345
4T scoring system, 719, 719t
Tube feeding, 44
Tuberculin skin test (TST), 504
Tuberculosis, 503-506
latent, 505
monitoring, 506 multidrug-resistant, 503 pneumoconioses, 340
Tularemia, 526-527
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), 440, 834t
Two-day bowel preparation, 635
Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography, 976
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), 23, 840 diagnosis, 852 hospitalized patients, 844 newly diagnosed, 844 treatment, 852-854, 853t
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 23, 840 hospitalized patients, 844 treatment, 855-860
Typical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), 716-717 Typical-onset heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 719 Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)
cancer, 789
chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 824
Ulcer
diabetic foot, 476
leg, in sickle cell disease, 766, 768
peptic, 640-643
Ulcerative colitis (UC), 643-650
Ultrafiltration, 463
Ultrasound
abdominal, 271-272
cardiac, 269, 269t
gallstone disease, 658
liver disease, 670
in pleural effusion, 369
for pneumothorax, 943
pyelonephritis, 514
renal, 435
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 901
thoracic, 269-270
vascular access, 268
vascular diagnostic, 272
Umeclidinium, 284t
Uncal herniation, 956
Uncomplicated cystitis, 510-511
Uncomplicated malaria, 531
Uncomplicated UTI agents, 564-565
Uncontrolled hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), 459
Unfractionated heparin (UFH), 123, 132t, 718 Unstable angina (UA), 113-126
clinical presentation of, 114
definition, 113
diagnostic testing in, 114-115
epidemiology, 113
etiology and pathophysiology of, 113-114
monitoring/follow-up in, 126
revascularization for, 125-126
treatment of, 116-126
Upper respiratory tract infections, 495-497
Upstream medical therapy, 131t-132t
Urate crystals, 904
Urate-Iowering therapy, 905, 907t-908t
Uremic platelet dysfunction, 723
Urethritis, 581t, 586
Uric acid stones, 456-457
Urinary alkalinization, 1009
Urinary tract infections (UTIs), 459
Urinary casts, 442
Urine anion gap (UAG), 429
Urine drug screen, 1006
Urine [Na+], 405
Urine osmolality, 405, 409
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), 658, 687
Urticaria, 393-396
Ustekinumab, 648
Uterine cancer, 811-812
Uveitis, spondyloarthritides (SpAs), 910
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), 324
V
VaccinationsImmunizations
COVID-19, 500
hepatitis B virus (HBV), 676, 678
for influenza virus infection, 499 rabies, 536
Vaccine-preventable diseases, 540t
Vaginitis, 584-587
Vaginosis, 584-587
Valacyclovir, 570, 636
Valganciclovir, 571, 603, 613, 636
Valproic acid, 1022-1023
Valsalva, 212t
Valsartan, 64t
Valsartanan, 158t
Valvular heart disease (VHD), 186-201specific types
Vancomycin, 555-556, 556t
brain abscess, 483
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), 472 complicated skin and soft-tissue infections, 476 for deceubitus ulcer, 476 for diabetic foot ulcer, 476
diarrhea, 633
for epiglottitis, 496
infective endocarditis (IE), 490
lung abscess, 503
for meningitis, 480-481 necrotizing fasciitis, 477 for osteomyelitis, 478
Vancomycin intermediate-resistant S.
aureus (VISA), 555Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE), 555 Varenicline, 277, 278t
Variceal bleeding, 626
Variceal ligation/banding, 626
Varicella-zoster virus, 602
Vasculitis
classification, 927t
definition, 926 large vessel, 928-930 medium vessel, 930-931 small vessel, 932-934
vessel size, 927t
Vasodilators
for aortic regurgitation, 199
for pulmonary hypertension, 315, 316t therapy, 161
Vasodilator therapy, 74
Vasoocclusive complications (VOCs), 766
Vasopressin, 153, 265Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) antagonists, 407
Venous thromboembolic disorders, 731-745
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), 2 classification, 731 clinical presentation, 734 complications, 743-744
definition, 731
diagnosis, 734-736 diagnostic testing, 734-736 epidemiology, 2, 731-732 etiology, 732-733 monitoring/follow-up, 745 prevention of, 734 prophylaxis, 2 risk factors, 2, 733 treatment, 736-742
Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, 246
Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan, 314
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), 259, 536-537
Ventricular fibrillation (VF), 224
Ventricular pseudoaneurysm, 144
Ventricular septal rupture, 144
Ventricular tachyarrhythmias, 223-231
Brugada criteria for, 227t-228t clinical presentation of, 225 diagnostic testing in, 226-228 differential diagnosis of, 226 etiology of, 224-225 sudden cardiac arrest/death in, 224 treatment of, 228-230
Venturi masks, 248
Verapamil, 64t, 215t
Verapamil SR, 64t
Vertebrobasilar strokes, 975
Viability testing, 112
Vibrio vulnificus, 475
Vilanterol, 284t
Viral enteritis, 632
Viral hemorrhagic fever, 540t
Viral hepatitis, 671-681
serologies, 673t
Viral meningitis, 480t
Viral protease, 588
Visceral sarcoma, 816
Vitamin(s)
in nutrition support, 34, 35t-42t
in patients with severe malabsorption, 37, 42t
Vitamin A, 37t
Vitamin B1, 39t
Vitamin B3, 39t
Vitamin B5, 39t
Vitamin B6, 40t
Vitamin B7, 40t
Vitamin B9, 40t
Vitamin B12, 41t, 42t
Vitamin B12 deficiency, 758-759
Vitamin C, 41t
Vitamin D, 38t, 42t
deficiency, 418
malabsorption, 894
Vitamin E, 38t
Vitamin K deficiency, 728
Vitamin K replacement, bleeding, liver disease, 729
Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD), 295
Voclosporin, 915
Voglibose, 857t
Volume control (VC), 255
Volume deficits, 402
Vomiting, 528, 629-631, 1028
von Willebrand disease (vWD), 712, 727-728
Voriconazole, 574, 604
Voxelotor, 768
Vulvovaginal candidiasis, 585
vWF plasma-derived concentrate transfusions, 728
W
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM), 777-778
Warfarin
cerebrovascular disease, 977
gastrointestinal bleeding, 623
for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 290
oral anticoagulants, 739
for peripartum cardiomyopathy, 178
for pulmonary hypertension, 318
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, 140 for venous thromboembolism, 739
Warfarin-induced skin necrosis, 744
Warts, genital, 606-607
Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), 770-771
Water balance, 404
Water distribution, 404
Water intoxication, 404
Weaning, from mechanical ventilation, 261
Weil disease, 533
Wenckebach block, 236
West Nile virus (WNV), 528-529
Wheezing, 259, 288, 295, 350
Whipple procedure, 657
White blood cells (WBCs), 435
disorders, 772-773
White coat hypertension, 59
Whole-bowel irrigation, 1009
Wide-complex tachyarrhythmias (WCTs), 203, 225
Wild animal bites, 536
Wilson disease (WD), 691-692
WinRho, 715
Withdrawal syndromes, 1040
Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, 209
Woolsorters disease, 538
Worsening renal artery stenosis, 459
X
XELOX, 799
Xenaderm, 3
Xeroderma pigmentosum, 787t
X-linked agammaglobulinemia, 398
Xopenex, 284t
Y
Yellow fever, 540t
Young syndrome, 351
Z
Zafirlukast, 301
Zanamivir, 568-569
for influenza virus infection, 499
Zika virus, 530
Zileuton, 306
Zinc, 37t
salts, for Wilson disease, 692
Zoledronic acid, Paget disease, 894
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 641, 643
Zoonoses, 532-535
Zoonotic influenza viruses, 539t
Zygomycetes, 522
More on the topic Index:
- Index
- Index
- INDEX
- Index
- Socioeonomic polarization
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