CHRONOLOGY

1250–1400	Rise of Islamic kingdoms
1400–1511	Melaka Sultanate
1523	Melaka Digest
1511–1641	Portuguese colonial rule
1641–1824	Dutch colonial rule
1824–1957	British colonial rule
1826	Straits Settlements (Melaka, Singapore, Penang, and Wellesley Province)
1878	Civil Ordinance
1896	Federated Malay States
1906	Unfederated Malay States
1937	Civil Law Enactment
1946	United Malays National Organization (UMNO) formed
1948	Federation of Malaya
1948	Courts Ordinance (excluded sharia courts from federal system)
1952	Alliance Party (later called National Front or Barisan Nasional [BN]) formed
1955	Islamic Party of the Land of Malays (Parti Islam Sa-Tanah Melayu, PAS; later called Parti Islam Se-Malaysia, Islamic Party of Malaysia) established
1956	Civil Law Ordinance
1956	Reid Constitutional Commission
1957	Political independence
1963	Federation of Malaysia
1965	Muslim Courts (Criminal Jurisdiction) Act
1970	Islamic resurgence and dakwah (missionary) movements emerge
1970	National Council for Islamic Affairs Fatwa Committee organized
1971	Darul Arqam religious organization established
1982	Kelantan Administration of Muslim Law Enactment (three-tiered system of sharia courts)
1983	Islamic Banking Act
1984	Islamic Insurance (Takaful) Act
1984	Amendment of Muslim Courts Act (1965), raising penalties
1988	Article 121 (1A) amendment to the Federal Constitution
1988	Selangor Non-Islamic Religions (Control of Propagation among Muslims) Enactment
1988	Sisters in Islam (SIS) formed
1990	Islamic Party of Malaysia electoral victory in Kelantan
1993	Kelantan Syariah Criminal Code (II) (Hukum Hudud) passed but not implemented
1994	Amendments to Islamic Family Law Act (Federal Territories)
1998	Kelantan Enactment Controlling Entertainment and Places of Entertainment
2003	People’s Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat) formed
2008	People’s Alliance (Pakatan Rakyat) organized
2009	Bank Negara Malaysia gains jurisdiction over Islamic finance sector
2011	Trade Descriptions Act
2015	Conviction of Anwar Ibrahim (leader of opposition) upheld
2015	Islamic Party of Malaysia severs ties with the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a fellow member of opposition alliance (Pakatan Rakyat)

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4. Introduction
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6. The American Business Cycle: The Historical Record
7. Contents
8. REFERENCES
9. What Is a Business Cycle?
10. The Praetor's Edict