Obstetrics and Gynecology SEVENTH EDITION

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

with

Charles R. B. Beckmann, MD, MHPE, FACOG

Former Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Former Director, Offices of Ambulatory Care and of OB-GYN Academic Affairs, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Frank W.

Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee; Partner, Women’s Health Specialists, PLLC, Germantown, Tennessee

William N. P. Herbert, MD, FACOG

Former William Norman Thornton Professor and Chair, Professor Emeritus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia

Douglas W. Laube, MD, MEd, FACOG

Professor and former Chair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin

Past President (2006–2007), American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

Roger P. Smith, MD, FACOG

The Robert A. Munsick Professor of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology; Director, Medical Student Education; Director, Division of General Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana

Robert Casanova, MD, FACOG

Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistant Dean of Clinical Sciences Curriculum, Program Director Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clerkship Director Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas

Alice Chuang, MD, FACOG

Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Clerkship Director; Attending Physician

Alice R. Goepfert, MD, FACOG

Professor, Director of Education and Residency Program Director, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama

Nancy A. Hueppchen, MD, MSc, FACOG

Associate Professor and Director of Medical Student Education in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Assistant Dean for Clinical Curriculum, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

Patrice M. Weiss, MD, FACOG

Chair and Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carilion Clinic, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia