Concluding Remarks and Future Directions
MAP is a highly successful pathogen with diverse survival mechanisms. The secrets to its unique abilities are undoubtedly encoded in its 4.8-megabase genome. Since the MAP genome sequence was published in 2005, little research has focused on functional analysis of this fastidious organism.
Understanding the functional genome of MAP is essential to establish the repertoire of virulence pathways used by this organism in vivo or in vitro. Thus, future studies using systems analysis of its transcriptome and proteomes will significantly aid in improving our understanding of host-pathogen and pathogen-environment interactions of MAP. Also encoded in that complex genome are pathways used by MAP that will greatly aid in improving in vitro culture systems for rapid diagnosis. An additional area of emphasis for future studies in MAP-host interactions would be in elucidating the host innate responses in very early infection, the role vaccines might play in guiding immune responses to MAP and the sources of tissue inflammation characteristic of paratuberculosis. A clear understanding of MAP's functional genome and its interactions with the host will also aid in establishing good animal models to study, and ultimately control this complex, but highly successful microbe.References
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