Index

Notes: Page numbers in bold, refer to figures, tables and boxes. Readers are advised to refer to specific breeds for real-life studies related to each condition within this book.

A

Abdominal fluid analysis, 168

Abdominal palpation, 81b

colorectal neoplasia, canine, 189

constipation, feline, 178

diarrhoea, 115

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, feline, 138

gastric adenocarcinoma, canine, 81

hepatic lipidosis, feline, 104

small intestine foreign bodies, 47

Abdominal radiography

chronic partial gastric dilatation, 52

constipation, feline, 179, 179f

glue ingestion, canine, 73, 73f

intestinal leiomyoma, canine, 161-162, 162f

lead ingestion, 78

linear foreign bodies, feline, 93, 94f

lymphocytic inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 68

oesophageal foreign bodies, 22-23

pancreatitis, feline, 90

Abdominal ultrasound

chronic partial gastric dilatation, 52

colorectal neoplasia, canine, 190, 190f

corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, canine, 167, 168f exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, feline, 139

glue ingestion, canine, 73

hypoadrenocorticism, 63, 64f

inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 196, 196f

lead ingestion, 78

linear foreign bodies, feline, 93, 94f

lymphocytic inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 68, 68f-69f pancreatitis/alimentary lymphoma, canine, 58

pancreatitis, feline, 87, 87f, 90 porto-systemic shunts, canine, 98-99, 98f

Tritrichomonas, feline, 186

Acetylcholine receptor antibodies, idiopathic megaoesophagus, 8, 12

Acromegaly, polyuria, 86

ACTH stimulation test See Adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH) stimulation test

Activated partial thromboplastin time, hepatic lipidosis, feline, 106, 140

Acute diarrhoea, 119-120

Acute pancreatitis, 89-90

haematochezia, 190

Adenocarcinoma, 176, 192

Adenomas, 192

S-Adenosyl methionine, hepatic lipidosis, feline, 108

Adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH) stimulation test haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, canine, 155 hypoadrenocorticism, 64 idiopathic megaoesophagus, 8 inflammatory bowel disease, canine, 130

Aerophagia, 4

Age range, alimentary lymphoma, feline, 70

Air, oesophagus, 4

Akita, canine myasthenia gravis, 12-13

Alanine transferase (ALT), small intestine foreign body, 48

Albumin, serum

haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, canine, 154

hepatic lipidosis, feline, 106

intestinal leiomyoma, canine, 161

parvovirus infection, canine, 145

protein losing enteropathy, 122

Aldosterone, 64

deficiency See Hypoadrenocorticism, canine

Alimentary lymphoma, canine, 56-60

colorectal neoplasia, 192

diagnosis, 59 endoscopy, 59, 59f epidemiology, 60 euthanasia, 59-60 follow-up, 59 histopathology, 59

Alimentary lymphoma, feline, 66-71

age range, 70

epidemiology, 70-71

lymphocytic inflammatory bowel disease vs., 71 non-regenerative anaemia, 70

treatment, 70-71

Alkaline phosphatase

lead ingestion, 78

puppy reference range

parvovirus infection, canine, 145

small intestine foreign body, 48

Ameroid ring constrictors, canine porto-systemic shunts, 100-101,

100f

Amoxicillin

clavulanate-potentiated See Clavulanate-potentiated amoxicillin Helicobacter, 74

Ampicillin

parvovirus infection, canine, 144-145 porto-systemic shunts, canine, 100b

Amylase pancreatitis/alimentary lymphoma, canine, 57b pancreatitis, feline, 90

vomiting, 44

Anaemia

gastrointestinal bleeding, 151-152 non-regenerative, 70 normochromic, 163see also specific types

Analgesia, pancreatitis, feline, 91

Angiodysplasia See Colonic vascular ectasia, canine

Anorexia, feline, 105

Anorexia, pancreatitis, feline, 90

Anti-alpha-bungarotoxin antibodies, canine myasthenia gravis, 12

Antibiotic responsive enteropathy (ARE), 117

Antibiotics

haemorrhagic diarrhoea, 154b

haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, canine, 156 oesophageal stricture, 16

pancreatitis, canine, 58b

pancreatitis, feline, 91

parvovirus infection, canine, 144b

Anti-cholinesterase receptor antibodies, canine myasthenia gravis, 12, 13f

Anti-emetic drugs, 58b

hepatic lipidosis, feline, 108

parvovirus infection, canine, 144bsee also specific types

Antrum, stomach, 37

Anuria, dehydration, 210

Anus, 173

anatomy, 174f

ARE (antibiotic responsive enteropathy), 117

Ascites

causes, 168t

Aspiration pneumonia, canine myasthenia gravis, 12

Atropine, gastro-oesophageal reflux, 17 Auscultation, thoracic See Thoracic auscultation Azathioprine, protein losing enteropathy, 125

Bacterial infections

acute diarrhoea, 119

diarrhoea, 113

small intestine diarrhoea, 117

Balloon catheter dilatation, 15-16, 15f-16f

Barium contrast meals

chronic partial gastric dilatation, 52, 52f-53f

persistent right aortic arch, 27, 27f

vomiting, 44

Barium impregnated polyethylene spheres (BIPS), 83b

gastric adenocarcinoma, canine, 82-83, 83f

small intestine foreign body, 48-49

vomiting, 44-45, 45f

Barium swallow, 14b

oesophageal stricture, 14

Basal serum cortisol, 11b, 63b

canine myasthenia gravis, 11

hypoadrenocorticism, 62-63, 65 See also Cortisol

Basophilic stippling, 78b

Bassett Fauvre de Bretagne, 73f

BCS See Body condition score (BCS)

Beagle, pancreatitis/alimentary lymphoma, 56b

Belt loop gastropexy, chronic partial gastric dilatation, 53, 53f Benzamide prokinetics, 181

Bernese mountain dogs, oesophageal foreign bodies, 23-24 Bethanechol, dysautonomia, feline, 32-34

Bile acid stimulation test, lead ingestion, 78

Biopsies

gastric adenocarcinoma, canine, 83b

intestinal, small intestine diarrhoea, 119

large intestine disorders, 173-174

liver, canine corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, 168 pancreatitis, feline, 90

phenobarbitone response regurgitation, 19

small intestine diarrhoea, 119

BIPS See Barium impregnated polyethylene spheres (BIPS)

Blood glucose

hepatic lipidosis, feline, 106

parvovirus infection, canine, 144b

Blood lead concentration, lead ingestion, 78

Blood pressure measurement

cats, 106b

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), gastrointestinal bleeding, 151-152

Body condition score (BCS)

canine myasthenia gravis, 10

chronic partial gastric dilatation, 51

colonic vascular ectasia, canine, 157

colorectal neoplasia, canine, 189

constipation, feline, 178

corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, canine, 165

dysautonomia, feline, 30

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, feline, 138

gastric adenocarcinoma, canine, 81

glue ingestion, canine, 72

haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, canine, 153

hepatic lipidosis, feline, 104

hypoadrenocorticism, 61

inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 193

intestinal leiomyoma, canine, 160

intussusception, feline, 133

lead ingestion, 76

linear foreign bodies, feline, 92

oesophageal foreign bodies, 21

pancreatitis/alimentary lymphoma, canine, 56

pancreatitis, feline, 85

parvovirus infection, canine, 142

phenobarbitone response regurgitation, 18

porto-systemic shunt, canine, 96

protein losing enteropathy, canine, 121

small intestine foreign body, 47

Tritrichomonas, feline, 186

Body, stomach, 37, 38f

Border collies

gastric adenocarcinoma, 85b

small intestine foreign body, 50

Boston terriers, persistent right aortic arch, 29

Bradycardia, hypoadrenocorticism, 62

Breed predisposition, idiopathic megaoesophagus, 9

British anti-lewisite, lead ingestion, 79

Bruising, feline, 105

Brush border, microvilli, 37, 41f

Budesonide, protein losing enteropathy, 125

Bulking agents, feline constipation, 180-181

BUN (blood urea nitrogen), gastrointestinal bleeding, 151-152 Buprenorphine

linear foreign bodies, feline, 94

oesophageal stricture, 16

pancreatitis, canine, 58

pancreatitis, feline, 88

parvovirus infection, canine, 144-145

protein losing enteropathy, 124

Burmese cat, pancreatitis, 85b, 89

Caecum, 40f, 173

anatomy, 174f

Cairn terrier, porto-systemic shunt, 96b, 102

Calcium edetate, 78b

lead ingestion, 78-79

Calcium ions, lead ingestion, 79

Calcium, serum

corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, canine, 167 protein losing enteropathy, 122

Campylobacter, small intestine diarrhoea, 117

Canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index (CIBDAI), 124b, 131b, 220

Canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity test, chronic partial gastric dilatation, 52

Capillary refill time, corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, canine, 165

Cardia, stomach, 37, 38f

L-Carnitine, hepatic lipidosis, feline, 108

Cat care, nursing tips, 33b

Cats

diarrhoea, 115f

dry eyes, 33b

grooming, 33b

oesophagus, 4f

small intestine, 37

Caudal oesophagus, 3

Central nervous system disease

feline, 105

vomiting, 130

Cervical oesophagus, 3

Chelation therapy, lead ingestion, 79

Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CRTZ), 42

Chemotherapy

alimentary lymphoma, canine, 60

colorectal neoplasia, canine, 191

gastric adenocarcinoma, canine, 83

Chihuahua, canine myasthenia gravis, 12-13

Chlorambucil, alimentary lymphoma, feline, 70

Chloride, serum, small intestine foreign body, 48-50

Cholesterol

pancreatitis, feline, 86

protein losing enteropathy, 122

Chronic kidney disease, polyuria, 86

Chronic pancreatitis, 89-90

small intestine diarrhoea, 194

Chronic partial gastric dilatation, canine, 51-55

case history, 51

case work-up, 52-53 differential diagnosis, 51b-52b

epidemiology, 53-55

follow-up, 53

histopathology, 53

imaging, 52-53, 52f-53f

medical management, 53

minimum data base, 52

physical examination, 51

prognosis, 55

surgical management, 53, 53f

Chronic small intestine diarrhoea, differential diagnosis, 97

CIBDAI (canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index), 124b, 131b, 220

Cimetidine, 92b

Cisapride, 181, 219

chronic partial gastric dilatation, 53

constipation, feline, 180

dysautonomia, feline, 32

Clavulanate-potentiated amoxicillin

canine myasthenia gravis, 12 intestinal leiomyoma, canine, 163 intussusception, feline, 134-135 linear foreign bodies, feline, 94 oesophageal foreign bodies, 23 pancreatitis, canine, 58 pancreatitis, feline, 88

Clindamycin

canine myasthenia gravis, 12 pancreatitis, feline, 88

Clostridium botulinum type C, feline dysautonomia, 33

Clostridium difficile, small intestine diarrhoea, 117

Clotting cascade, 140f

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, feline, 140-141

Coagulation profiles

hepatic lipidosis, feline, 106

porto-systemic shunts, canine, 98, 98b

Coat care, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, feline, 141b

Cobalamin (vitamin B12), 67b, 195b absorption, intrinsic factor, 141 alimentary lymphoma, feline, 70 in cats, 88b exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, feline, 139, 141 hepatic lipidosis, feline, 108 inflammatory bowel disease, canine, 131 inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 195, 197 intestinal absorption, 67f lymphocytic inflammatory bowel disease, 67 pancreatitis, feline, 87 protein losing enteropathy, 122, 125 small intestine diarrhoea, 117-118 small intestine diarrhoea, feline, 118

Cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency, 125b

hepatic lipidosis, feline, 109

mucosal atrophy, 37-40

Cocker spaniel, hypoadrenocorticism, 61b

Colchicine, oesophageal stricture, 16

Colectomy, sub-total See Sub-total colectomy

Colon, 173-177

anatomy, 174f

nerve supply, 183-184, 185f

wall structure, 183-184, 184f

Colon-associated diarrhoea, 173

Colon disorders, 173-177, 212see also specific diseases/disorders

Colonic impaction, feline, diagnosis, 180

Colonic neoplasia, 176-177

diagnosis, 176

treatment, 176see also specific disorders

Colonic vascular ectasia, canine, 157-159

case history, 157

case work-up, 158-159

diagnosis, 158-159

differential diagnosis, 157b-158b

endoscopy, 158, 158f

imaging, 158

minimum data base, 158

outcome, 158-159

physical examination, 157

problem discussion, 157-158

problem list, 157-158

prognosis, 159

treatment, 158-159

Colonoscopy

inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 196, 196f

large intestine disorders, 173-174, 175f

Colorectal neoplasia, canine, 189-192

case history, 189

case work-up, 190-192

differential diagnosis, 189b-190b endoscopy, 191, 191f-192f epidemiology, 192

histopathology, 191

imaging, 190, 190f lymph node cytology, 191 minimum data base, 190 outcome, 191-192 physical examination, 189 problem discussion, 189-190 problem list, 189-190 prognosis, 192 treatment, 191-192

Congenital disorders

large intestine diarrhoea, 186

megacolon, 175, 176f

seizures, 77

Congenital porto-systemic shunts (CPSS), vomiting, 44

Congestive heart failure

diarrhoea, 134

small intestine diarrhoea, 194

Constipation, 175

megacolon, 175

Constipation, feline, 178-185

case history, 178

case work-up, 179-185

diagnosis, 180

differential diagnosis, 31, 178b-179b epidemiology, 185

follow-up, 180

imaging, 179, 179f minimum data base, 179 physical examination, 178 problem discussion, 178-179 problem list, 178-179

prognosis, 185

treatment, 180-183

diet, 180-181

enemas, 180

laxatives, 181 prokinetic drugs, 181 surgery, 182-183 See also Megacolon, feline

Contrast radiography

vomiting, 44-45 See also Barium contrast meals

Coombs test, 167

Corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, canine, 165-170 abdominal fluid analysis, 168

case history, 165

case work-up, 166-170

Coombs test, 167

differential diagnosis, 165b-166b

faecal analysis, 167

gastrointestinal endoscopy, 169-170, 169b, 169f imaging, 167, 168f

liver biopsy, 168

medical treatment, 170

minimum data base, 166-167

outcome, 170

physical examination, 165

problem discussion, 165-166

problem list, 165-166

prognosis, 170

Corticosteroids

diagnostic tests, effects on, 169b

oesophageal foreign bodies, 25

oesophageal stricture, 16

Cortisol

pancreatitis/alimentary lymphoma, canine, 57

porto-systemic shunts, canine, 98, 102 See also Basal serum cortisol

Coughing

canine myasthenia gravis, 10-11

idiopathic megaoesophagus, 6

CPSS (congenital porto-systemic shunts), vomiting, 44

Creatine kinase, idiopathic megaoesophagus, 8

Creatinine

hepatic lipidosis, feline, 106

oesophageal foreign bodies, 22

CRTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone), 42

Crypts of Lieberkuhn, 37-40

Crystalloid fluid therapy, pancreatitis, canine, 58

Cyclophosphamide, canine alimentary lymphoma, 60

Cytology, small intestine diarrhoea, 118

Dehydration

anuria, 210

Clinicopathology, 59b haematology effects, 154b hypoproteinaemia, 210 measurement, 210 nausea, 210 oliguria, 210 salivation, 210 serum chemistry effects, 154b skin tenting, 210 urination, 210

Deranged intestinal mobility, diarrhoea, 114

Descending colon, 40f

Diabetes mellitus, polyuria, 86

Diarrhoea, 113-115

acute, 119-120 age-relation, 114 bacterial infections, 113 blood in, 113 cat, 115f classification, 113-114 colon-associated, 173 definition, 113 deranged intestinal mobility, 114 diagnosis, 114-115 diet, 114 differential diagnosis, 114t, 133-134, 138b dog, 115f duration, 114 haemorrhagic See Haemorrhagic diarrhoea increased permeability, 113-114 large intestine disorders, 173 osmotic, 113 physical examination, 115

porto-systemic shunt, 96

secretory, 113 self-limiting, 114 small intestinal See Small intestinal diarrhoea

Diazepam, lead ingestion, 79

Diet

acute diarrhoea, 119

acute onset vomiting, 154 chronic partial gastric dilatation, 55 chronic small intestine diarrhoea, 97 constipation, feline, 178, 180-181 diarrhoea, 114

elevated feeding See Elevated feeding elimination See Elimination diets exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, feline, 140 idiopathic megaoesophagus, 6 irritable bowel syndrome management, 175 large intestine diarrhoea, 173, 186, 193-194 pancreatitis, feline, 91 persistent right aortic arch, 26 porto-systemic shunts, canine, 101b small intestine diarrhoea, 116, 121, 130, 194 vomiting, 18, 43, 52, 72, 77, 82, 85, 97, 130 vomiting, feline, 93 weight loss, 129

Dietary indiscretion, acute diarrhoea, 119-120

Dietary trials

inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 194 small intestine diarrhoea, 116 vomiting, 43

Dilated megacolon, 184

Dilated, non-responsive pupils, 31

Dimercaprol, lead ingestion, 79

Diphenoxylate, acute diarrhoea, 119-120

Dirofilaria immitis, vomiting, 44

Doberman pinschers, parvovirus infection, 146

Docusate plus dantron, 181

Dogs

diarrhoea, 115f

dry eyes, 33b

oesophagus, 4f

small intestine, 37

Dolasetron, 58b

Doppler ultrasound, canine porto-systemic shunts, 98-99, 99f

Doxorubicin, canine alimentary lymphoma, 60

Drooling, regurgitation, 22

Drugs

polyuria, 86

vomiting, 86, 130

Dry eyes

cats, 33b

dogs, 33b

Ductus venosus, 101

Duodenum, 37, 38f, 40f

Dysautonomia, canine, 34

Dysautonomia, feline, 30-34

case history, 30

differential diagnosis, 30b-31b

epidemiology, 34

imaging, 32

minimum data base, 31-32

outcome, 32-33

physical examination, 30, 33

pilocarpine test, 32, 32b, 32f

post-mortem, 33

problem list, 30-31

prognosis, 34

treatment, 32-33

Dysphagia, 3

differential diagnosis, 31 regurgitation, 3-4

Ecchymoses, feline, 105

Edrophonium response test, 11, 11b

Electrocardiography (ECG), hypoadrenocorticism, 63, 64f Electrolyte(s)

hepatic lipidosis, feline, 108 hypoadrenocorticism, 65 intestines, 41

Electrolyte analysis, parvovirus infection, canine, 144

Elevated feeding

canine myasthenia gravis, 12b idiopathic megaoesophagus, 9, 9f

Elimination diets, 129b inflammatory bowel disease, canine, 132b protein losing enteropathy, 124

ELISA faecal SNAP(r) Parvo test, 155b

Emollient laxatives, 181

Endoscopy

alimentary lymphoma, canine, 59, 59f colonic vascular ectasia, canine, 158, 158f colorectal neoplasia, canine, 191, 191f-192f gastric adenocarcinoma, canine, 83, 83f gastrointestinal See Gastrointestinal endoscopy inflammatory bowel disease, canine, 130-131, 131f inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 196f lymphocytic inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 68-69 oesophageal stricture, 14 oesophagus, 5, 5f persistent right aortic arch, 26 phenobarbitone response regurgitation, 19, 19f protein losing enteropathy, canine, 123-124 small intestine diarrhoea, 119 vascular ring anomalies, 28 vomiting, 45, 45f

Endotoxic shock, small intestine foreign body, 50

Enemas, cats, 180, 180b, 183b

English bull terriers, small intestine foreign body, 50 Enrofloxacin

in cats, 135b

feline intussusception, 135

Enterectomy, canine intestinal leiomyoma, 162

Enteritis, 40-41

Environmental history

feline constipation, 178

vomiting, 43

Enzyme secretion, pancreas, 40-41

Eosinophilia, canine inflammatory bowel disease, 130

Epilepsy, seizures, 77

Eructation, chronic partial gastric dilatation, 55

Erythromycin, chronic partial gastric dilatation, 53

Euthanasia, canine

alimentary lymphoma, 59-60

colonic vascular ectasia, 158-159

Exercise intolerance, canine myasthenia gravis, 10

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, canine, 140-141

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, feline, 138-141 case history, 138

case work-up, 139-140

coat care, 141b

cobalamin, 139, 141

diagnosis, 139

diet, 140

differential diagnosis, 138b

epidemiology, 141

folate, 139, 141

pancreatic enzyme replacement, 139, 141

physical examination, 138

problem discussion, 138

problem list, 138

prognosis, 141

treatment, 139-140, 141bsee also specific treatment options vitamin K, 140

Exploratory celiotomy, 212

vomiting, 45-46

Exploratory laparotomy, small intestine diarrhoea, 119

Extrahepatic porto-azygos shunts, 101, 102f

Extrahepatic porto-caval shunts, 101

Faecal alpha-antiprotease, small intestine diarrhoea, 117

Faecal analysis

corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, canine, 167 haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, canine, 155

idiopathic megaoesophagus, 7

small intestine diarrhoea, 117

Tritrichomonas, feline, 187

vomiting, 44see also specific tests

Faecal flotation, Tritrichomonas, feline, 187

Faecal occult blood test, 151

Faecal samples, canine colonic vascular ectasia, 158

Faecal smears, feline Tritrichomonas, 187

Faecal SNAP(tm) Parvo test, canine parvovirus infection, 145, 145b

Fasting, oesophageal foreign bodies, 24-25

Feeding care

canine pancreatitis, 58b

oesophageal foreign bodies, 24b

Feeding, elevated See Elevated feeding

Feeding frequency, chronic partial gastric dilatation, 53

Feeding tubes, 221

Feline dysautonomia See Dysautonomia, feline

Feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI)

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, feline, 139

inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 194-195

pancreatitis, feline, 87, 90

Feline trypsin-like immunoassay (fTLI), exocrine pancreatic insuffi­ciency, 139

Fenbendazole

inflammatory bowel disease, canine, 131

intussusception, feline, 135

Fibrinogen, feline hepatic lipidosis, 106

Fludrocortisone acetate, hypoadrenocorticism, 65

Fluid replacement therapy, 62b

choice of fluids, 143b

colloids, small intestine foreign body, 50 crystalloids

calculations, 143b

dysautonomia, feline, 32 parvovirus infection, canine, 143 glue ingestion, canine, 73 hepatic lipidosis, feline, 108-109 hyperkalaemia, 65 hypoadrenocorticism, 64 intussusception, feline, 134 linear foreign bodies, feline, 93b, 93t pancreatitis, feline, 88 potassium supplementation, 144b protein losing enteropathy, 124

Fluid secretion, intestines, 41

Fluoroquinone, cats, 197b

Folate, 67b, 195b

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, feline, 139, 141 inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 195, 197 intestinal absorption, 67f

small intestine diarrhoea, 117-118

Folate deficiency

lymphocytic inflammatory bowel disease, 67 mucosal atrophy, 37-40

Folate supplementation, small intestine diarrhoea, 118

Foreign body, linear See Linear foreign body, feline

Foreign body, small intestine, canine, 47-50 case history, 47 case work-up, 48 differential diagnosis, 47b-48b epidemiology, 50

follow-up, 48

imaging, 48, 49f

intussusception, 48

minimum data base, 48

physical examination, 47

prognosis, 50

surgery, 48, 49f

fPLI See Feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI)

fTLI (feline trypsin-like immunoassay), exocrine pancreatic insuffi­ciency, 139

Fundus, stomach, 37, 38f

Gait, canine myasthenia gravis, 10-11

Gastric acid inhibitors, oesophageal stricture, 16

Gastric adenocarcinoma, canine, 81-84

biopsy, 83b

case history, 81

case work-up, 82-84

differential diagnosis, 81b-82b

endoscopy, 83, 83f epidemiology, 84 histopathology, 83 imaging, 82-83, 83f minimum data base, 82 outcome, 83-84 physical examination, 81 prognosis, 84 treatment, 83-84

Gastric dilatation, chronic partial See Chronic partial gastric dilatation, canine

Gastric dilation with torsion, 54f

Gastric gas, chronic partial gastric dilatation, 55

Gastric volvulus, 54f

radiography, 53-55

Gastroduodenoscopy

chronic partial gastric dilatation, 53 corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, canine, 169-170, 169b, 169f

gastric adenocarcinoma, canine, 83, 83f

inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 196

protein losing enteropathy, 123, 123f

Gastrointestinal bleeding, 151-152

cause diagnosis, 151-152

diagnosis, 166b See also Haematochezia See also Melaena

Gastrointestinal disease, urgent vs.

Gastrointestinal permeability testing, small intestine diarrhoea, 118, 118f

Gastrointestinal physiology, 37-41

Gastro-oesophageal reflux

atropine, 17

oesophageal stricture, 16-17

xylazine, 17

Gastro-oesophageal sphincter (GES), 3

Gastropexy, canine glue ingestion, 73

Gastroscopy, oesophageal stricture, 15b

Gastrostomy, 221f

canine glue ingestion, 73

German shepherd dogs

idiopathic megaoesophagus, 6b

persistent right aortic arch, 29

protein losing enteropathy, 127

German shorthaired pointer

haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, 153b myasthenia gravis, 12-13

Giardia, 117

Globin, feline hepatic lipidosis, 106

Globulins, canine intestinal leiomyoma, 161

Glucocorticoids

deficiency See Hypoadrenocorticism, canine hypoadrenocorticism, 65

Glue ingestion, canine, 72-75

case assessment, 73-74

case history, 72

case work-up, 73-74

differential diagnosis, 72b

epidemiology, 74-75

follow-up, 74

imaging, 73, 73f

medical management, 74

minimum data base, 73

physical examination, 72

problem discussion, 72-73

problem list, 72-73

Gorilla glue, 74

Granulomatous colitis, 197-198

Great Dane

myasthenia gravis, 12-13

persistent right aortic arch, 29

Greyhounds, persistent right aortic arch, 29

Grooming, cats, 33b

Haematochezia, 151-152

acute pancreatitis, 190

definition, 151

differential diagnosis, 151

Haematology

canine myasthenia gravis, 11

chronic partial gastric dilatation, 52

colonic vascular ectasia, canine, 158

colorectal neoplasia, canine, 190

corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, canine, 166-167 dehydration effects, 154b

dysautonomia, feline, 31-32

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, feline, 139

gastric adenocarcinoma, canine, 82

gastrointestinal bleeding, 151-152

glue ingestion, canine, 73

hepatic lipidosis, feline, 106

hypoadrenocorticism, 62

idiopathic megaoesophagus, 7

inflammatory bowel disease, canine, 130

inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 194

intestinal leiomyoma, canine, 161

intussusception, feline, 134

lead ingestion, 77-79

lymphocytic inflammatory bowel disease, 67

oesophageal foreign bodies, 22

pancreatitis/alimentary lymphoma, canine, 57

pancreatitis, feline, 86

parvovirus infection, canine, 144-145

phenobarbitone response regurgitation, 19 porto-systemic shunts, canine, 98 protein losing enteropathy, 122 small intestine diarrhoea, 116-117 small intestine foreign body, 48

Tritrichomonas, feline, 186

vomiting, 43-44

young animals, 145b

Haemoglobin concentration, canine intestinal leiomyoma, 161

Haemorrhagic diarrhoea, 142b-143b

acute, 153b-154b

differential diagnosis, 142b

Haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, canine, 153-156 adrenocorticotrophic hormone stimulation test, 155 case history, 153

case work-up, 154-155

differential diagnosis, 153b-154b

faecal analysis, 155

hypovolaemia, 155

minimum data base, 154-155

outcome, 155

physical examination, 153

problem discussion, 153-154

problem list, 153-154

prognosis, 156

treatment, 156

Halitosis, oesophageal foreign bodies, 21-22

Helicobacter, 74, 74b, 197b

antibody therapy, 74

Hepatic encephalopathy, 97

seizures, 77

Hepatic lipidosis, feline, 104-110

S-adenosyl methionine, 108

anti-emetics, 108

blood pressure measurement, 106

L-carnitine, 108

case history, 104

case work-up, 106-108

diagnosis, 106b

differential diagnosis, 105b

electrolytes, 108

epidemiology, 110

fluid replacement therapy, 107-108

follow-up, 108-109

imaging, 107

liver tissue histopathology, 107, 107b, 107f

medical treatment, 107-108, 108b

minimum data base, 106

nutritional support, 107b

pathogenesis, 109-110

physical examination, 104-105

problem discussion, 105

problem list, 105

prognosis, 110

taurine, 108

vitamin supplementation, 108

Hepatomegaly, causes, 105

Hereditary disorders, seizures, 77

High protein diets, porto-systemic shunts, canine, 99b

Histamine H₂ receptor antagonists, 92b, 181

oesophageal stricture, 16

Histopathology

gastric adenocarcinoma, canine, 83 inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 196-197, 197f intestinal leiomyoma, canine, 162-163, 163f

lymphocytic inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 68-69, 69f porto-systemic shunts, canine, 101

small intestine diarrhoea, 118

Hydrochloric acid, stomach, 37

Hydrocortisone sodium succinate, hypoadrenocorticism, 64

Hygiene, infectious diseases, 143b

Hyperkalaemia

hypoadrenocorticism, 62-63

management, 65

Hyperosmotic laxatives, 181

Hyperthyroidism

diarrhoea, 134

polyuria, 86

small intestine diarrhoea, 194

Hypertrophic megacolon, 175, 184

Hypoadrenocorticism, canine, 61-65

ACTH stimulation test, 64

case history, 61

case work-up, 62-64

diarrhoea, 134

differential diagnosis, 61b-62b

ECG, 63, 64f

epidemiology, 65

follow-up, 64

imaging, 63, 63f-64f

medical management, 65

minimum data base, 62-63

outcome, 64

physical examination, 61

problem discussion, 61-62

problem list, 61-62

prognosis, 65

small intestine diarrhoea, 194

Hypoalbuminaemia, 194b

Hypoalbuminaemia, inflammatory bowel disease canine, 130 feline, 194

Hypocalcaemia

with hypoalbuminaemia, 122b

protein losing enteropathy, 122, 127

Hypochromic anaemia, canine intestinal leiomyoma, 161, 163

Hypoglobulinaemia, canine inflammatory bowel disease, 130

Hypokalaemia, feline, 93b

hepatic lipidosis, 106

Hypophosphataemia, inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 194

Hypoproteinaemia, dehydration, 210

Hypovolaemia

haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, canine, 155 hypoadrenocorticism, 65

IBD See Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Icterus, causes, 105

Idiopathic megacolon, 184

Idiopathic megaoesophagus, canine, 6-9

case history, 6

case work-up, 7-8

diagnosis, 8-9

discussion of problems, 6-7

endoscopy, 8-9 epidemiology, 9 imaging, 8 initial presentation, 6b pathophysiology, 9 physical examination, 6 problem list, 6-7 prognosis, 9 treatment, 9

Ileum, 37, 40f

Imaging

colonic vascular ectasia, canine, 158 colorectal neoplasia, canine, 190, 190f constipation, feline, 179, 179f corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, canine, 167, 168f gastric adenocarcinoma, canine, 82-83, 83f glue ingestion, dog, 73, 73f

hepatic lipidosis, feline, 107 hypoadrenocorticism, 63, 63f-64f inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 195-197, 196f intestinal leiomyoma, canine, 161-162, 162f intussusception, feline, 134, 134f large intestine disorders, 173 lead ingestion, canine, 78 linear foreign bodies, feline, 93-95, 94f lymphocytic inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 68, 68f-69f

pancreatitis, canine, 58

pancreatitis, feline, 87, 87f porto-systemic shunts, canine, 98-99, 98f-99f, 99b protein losing enteropathy, canine, 123 regurgitation, 11b

small intestine diarrhoea, 118-119

Tritrichomonas, feline, 186

vomiting, 44 See also Endoscopy See also Radiography See also Ultra­sound

Immune mediated thrombocytopenia, 170b

Increased permeability, diarrhoea, 113-114

Incubation time, parvovirus infection, canine, 146

Infections

bacterial See Bacterial infections

large intestine diarrhoea, 193-194

parasitic See Parasitic infections

seizures, 77

Infectious diseases, 143b

Inflammation

large intestine diarrhoea, 173, 186, 193

seizures, 77

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

treatment, 126-127

vomiting, 97

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), canine, 128-132 adrenocorticotrophin hormone stimulation test, 130 case history, 128-129 case work-up, 130-131 differential diagnosis, 129b-130b endoscopy, 130-131, 131f minimum data base, 130 outcome, 131 problem discussion, 129-130 problem list, 129-130 prognosis, 132 scoring, 131b

treatment, 131

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), feline, 193-198

case history, 193

case work-up, 194-198 differential diagnosis, 193b-194b endoscopy, 196f histopathology, 196-197, 197f imaging, 195-197, 196f lymphocytic See Lymphocytic inflammatory bowel disease, feline minimum data base, 194-195

outcome, 197

pancreatitis, 89 pathophysiology, 197-198 physical examination, 193 problem discussion, 193-194 problem list, 193-194 prognosis, 197-198

treatment, 197

Insulin, porto-systemic shunts, canine, 101

Intestinal biopsy, small intestine diarrhoea, 119

Intestinal disorders, diarrhoea, 133-134

Intestinal leiomyoma, canine, 160-164

case history, 160

case work-up, 161-163 differential diagnosis, 160b-161b epidemiology, 163-164 histopathology, 162-163, 163f imaging, 161-162, 162f minimum data base, 161

outcome, 163

physical examination, 160

problem discussion, 160-161

problem list, 160-161

prognosis, 164

surgical treatment, 162

Intestinal mobility, small intestine diarrhoea, 119

Intestinal parasites See Parasitic infections

Intestines

electrolytes, 41

fluid secretion, 41

large, 174f See also Small intestine and colon

Intracranial disorders, seizures, 77

Intracranial haemorrhage, seizures, 77

Intrahepatic porto-caval shunts, 101

Intravenous catheters, 145b

Intravenous crystalloid fluids See Fluid replacement therapy

Intravenous fluid therapy See Fluid replacement therapy

Intravenous plasma, canine pancreatitis, 91

Intrinsic factor, cobalamin absorption, 141

Intussusception

canine, 135-137

small intestine foreign body, 48

ultrasound, 45

vomiting, 45

Intussusception, feline, 133-137

case history, 133

case work-up, 134-135 differential diagnosis, 133b-134b

epidemiology, 135-137

imaging, 134, 134f

medical management, 134-135, 135b

minimum data base, 134

outcome, 134-135

physical examination, 133

postoperative care, 135

prevalence, 135-137

problem discussion, 133-134

problem list, 133-134

prognosis, 137

surgical treatment, 135

treatment, 134-135

Irish Setters, persistent right aortic arch, 29

Iron supplementation, intestinal leiomyoma, canine, 163

Irritable bowel syndrome, 174-175

Ischaemic disease, large intestine diarrhoea, 173

Isolation, infectious diseases, 143b

Jack Russell terriers

protein losing enteropathy, 121b

small intestine foreign body, 50 Jaundice

differential diagnosis, 86

hepatic causes, 86

pancreatitis, feline, 85

Jejunum, 37, 40f

Jugular catheters, 125b

protein losing enteropathy, 125

Key-Gaskell syndrome See Dysautonomia, feline

Kidney disease

chronic small intestine diarrhoea, 97 diarrhoea, 134

small intestine diarrhoea, 122, 129, 194

Labrador

chronic partial gastric dilatation, 51

corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, 165b oesophageal foreign bodies, 21b

parvovirus infection, 146

Lactose intolerance, 40-41

Lactulose, 181

constipation, feline, 180

porto-systemic shunts, canine, 100b

Large intestine, anatomy, 174f

Large intestine disorders

acute onset vomiting, 153-154

biopsies, 173-174

colonoscopy, 173-174, 175f

diarrhoea, 173

differential diagnosis, 186, 193b-194b

imaging, 173

investigation, 173-177

vomiting, 52, 56, 62, 72, 76, 82, 97

feline, 93see also specific anatomical structures

Lateral abdominal radiographs, small intestine foreign body, 48, 49f

Laxatives

constipation, feline, 181

emollient, 181

hyperosmotic, 181

lubricant, 181

stimulant, 181

Lead ingestion, canine, 76-80

blood lead concentration, 78

case history, 76

clinical signs, 79

diagnosis, 79

differential diagnosis, 76-77

epidemiology, 80

imaging, 78

laboratory findings, 79

medical treatment, 79-80

minimum data base, 77-78

outcome, 78

pathophysiology, 78-79

physical examination, 76

prognosis, 80

treatment, 78

vomiting, 44

Lead, small intestine diarrhoea, 118

Leiomyomas, 84

canine See Intestinal leiomyoma, canine

Lethargy, feline pancreatitis, 90

Life cycle, feline Tritrichomonas, 187

Linear foreign body, feline, 92-95

case history, 92

case work-up, 93-94

differential diagnosis, 92b-93b

imaging, 93-95, 94f

medical treatment, 94

minimum data base, 93

outcome, 94

physical examination, 92

problem definition, 92-93

problem list, 92-93

prognosis, 95

surgical treatment, 94-95

Lipase, 82b

corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, canine, 167 deficiency, feline exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, 140-141 gastric adenocarcinoma, canine, 82

pancreatitis/alimentary lymphoma, canine, 57, 57b pancreatitis, feline, 90

vomiting, 44

Liquid food, persistent right aortic arch, 27b

Liquid paraffin, 181

Liver biopsy, canine corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, 168

Liver diseases/disorders

chronic small intestine diarrhoea, 97

diarrhoea, 134

polyuria, 86

small intestine diarrhoea, 116, 122, 129, 194

Liver enzymes

corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, canine, 166 protein losing enteropathy, 122

Liver failure, chronic small intestine diarrhoea, 97

Liver, tissue histopathology, feline hepatic lipidosis, 107, 107b, 107f

Loperamide, acute diarrhoea, 119-120

Low protein diet, feline porto-systemic shunts, 100b

Lubricant laxatives, 181

Lymphadenopathy, canine intestinal leiomyoma, 163

Lymph node cytology, canine colorectal neoplasia, 191

Lymphocytes, lymphocytic inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 68-69

Lymphocytic cholangitis, feline, 138

Lymphocytic inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 66-71

alimentary lymphoma vs., feline, 71

case history, 66

differential diagnosis, 66b-67b

endoscopy, 68-69

histopathology, 68-69, 69f

imaging, 68, 68f-69f

minimum data base, 67-68

physical condition, 66

treatment, 70

Lymphoma

alimentary See Alimentary lymphoma, canine; Alimentary lymphoma, feline

colonic neoplasia, 176

Lymphosarcoma, 84

Magnesium supplementation, hepatic lipidosis, feline, 108

Malassimilation, weight loss, 130

Maldigestion, diarrhoea, 138

Marbofloxacin

canine myasthenia gravis, 12 inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 197

Maropitant, 58b

cats, 92b

glue ingestion, canine, 74

pancreatitis, feline, 88

parvovirus infection, canine, 144b

protein losing enteropathy, 124

Mean corpuscular volume, intestinal leiomyoma, canine, 161

Megacolon, 175-176

congenital causes, 175, 176f

constipation, 175

dilated, 184

hypertrophic, 175, 184

idiopathic, 184

management, 176

Megacolon, feline, 178-185

follow-up, 183

pathophysiology, 183-184

Megaoesophagus

air in oesophagus, 4

idiopathic See Idiopathic megaoesophagus, canine

testing, 5

Melaena, 151-152

acute pancreatitis, 190

corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, canine, 166 definition, 151

differential diagnosis, 151

intestinal leiomyoma, canine, 163

Metabolic diseases/disorders

acute diarrhoea, 119

diarrhoea, 138

seizures, 77

Methionine, functions, 109

Methylprednisolone, corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, canine, 170

Metoclopramide, 58b

chronic partial gastric dilatation, 53

pancreatitis, canine, 58

parvovirus infection, canine, 144-145, 144b

vomiting, 43

Metronidazole

Helicobacter, 74

inflammatory bowel disease, canine, 129

parvovirus infection, canine, 144-145

porto-systemic shunts, canine, 100b

Tritrichomonas, feline, 188

Microcytic anaemia, canine intestinal leiomyoma, 163

Microcytic haemolytic anaemia, lead ingestion, 77-78, 77f

Microcytosis, 78b, 99b

canine intestinal leiomyoma, 161

Microvilli, 41f

brush border, 37, 41f

Mineralocorticoids, hypoadrenocorticism, 65

Monocytosis, feline inflammatory bowel disease, 194

Mortality, canine myasthenia gravis, 13

Motility, small intestine, 40

Mucosal layer, small intestine, 37, 40f

Mucus membranes, canine corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulcer­ation, 166

Multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP), canine colorectal neo­plasia, 192

Multidrug resistance (MDR), canine colorectal neoplasia, 192

Muscle layer, small intestine, 37, 40f

Muscle wasting, canine corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulcera­tion, 166

Muscle weakness, canine myasthenia gravis, 13

Myasthenia gravis, canine, 10-13

acquired, 12

case history, 10

case work-up, 11-12

epidemiology, 12-13

follow-up, 12

imaging, 11

medical treatment, 12

minimum data base, 11

neurological examination, 11-12

physical examination, 10

prognosis, 13

Myotomy, idiopathic megaoesophagus, 9

Naso-oesophageal feeding tubes, 221f

Nausea

dehydration, 210

vomiting, 43

Neomycin, canine porto-systemic shunts, 100b

Neoplasia

large intestine diarrhoea, 173, 194see also specific types

Nerve supply, colon, 183-184, 185f

Neurological disease, vomiting, 66-67, 86, 130

Neuromuscular disorders, feline constipation, 179

Neutrophilia

constipation, feline, 179

inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 194

Neutrophils, canine corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration,

168

Newfoundland, myasthenia gravis, 12-13

Nizatidine, 181

Non-inflammatory disease, large intestine diarrhoea, 173

Non-regenerative anaemia, feline alimentary lymphoma, 70

Normochromic anaemia, canine intestinal leiomyoma, 163

Nursing tips

cat care, 33b

nutrition, 155b

Nutrient loss, weight loss, 130

Nutrition

feline hepatic lipidosis, 107b

nursing tip, 155b

pancreatitis, feline, 89b

puppies, 28b

Objects, oesophageal foreign bodies, 24

Obstructive disease

constipation, feline, 179

large intestine diarrhoea, 173

Oesophageal disorders, vomiting, 18

Oesophageal feeding tube, feline dysautonomia, 32, 33f

Oesophageal foreign bodies, canine, 21-25

case history, 21

case work-up, 22

diagnosis, 23

differential diagnosis, 24

endoscopy, 23, 23f

epidemiology, 23-25

fasting, 24-25

feeding tips, 24b

imaging, 22-23

initial presentation, 21b

medical management, 23

minimum data base, 22-23

outcome, 23

physical examination, 21

prognosis, 25

removal, 24

surgery, 25

treatment, 23

Oesophageal muscularis, 3

Oesophageal neuromuscular disorders, differential diagnosis, 14

Oesophageal obstruction, air in oesophagus, 4

Oesophageal stricture, feline, 14-17

case history, 14

case work-up, 14

differential diagnosis, 14b

endoscopy, 15, 15f

follow-up, 15-16

imaging, 14

initial presentation, 14b

medical therapy, 16

minimum data base, 14-16

pathogenesis, 16-17

physical examination, 14

prognosis, 17

surgery, 16

Oesophagitis

air in oesophagus, 4

differential diagnosis, 14

persistent right aortic arch, 28

Oesophagostomy, 221f

Oesophagus, 3, 38f, 40f

cat, 4f

dog, 4f

endoscopy, 5, 5f

Oestrogen-progesterone therapy, canine colonic vascular ectasia, 159 Oliguria, dehydration, 210

Omeprazole

glue ingestion, canine, 74

Helicobacter, 74

oesophageal stricture, 16

persistent right aortic arch, 27-28

Osmotic diarrhoea, 113

Packed cell volume (PCV), 57b, 62b, 98b

haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, canine, 154

pancreatitis/alimentary lymphoma, canine, 57

porto-systemic shunts, canine, 98

Pale mucus membranes, canine corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, 166

Palliative therapy, canine colonic vascular ectasia, 158-159

Palpation, oesophageal foreign bodies, 24

Pancreas, 37-41, 40f

enzyme secretion, 40-41

Pancreatic disease

chronic small intestine diarrhoea, 97

diarrhoea, 134

small intestine diarrhoea, 122, 129, 194

Pancreatic enzyme replacement, feline exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, 139, 141

Pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI) test, small intestine diarrhoea,

117

Pancreatitis

acute See Acute pancreatitis

chronic See Chronic pancreatitis

Pancreatitis, canine, 56-60

antibiotics, 58b

case history, 56

case work-up, 57-58

diagnosis, 58-60

differential diagnosis, 56b-57b

endoscopy, 59

feeding care, 58b

imaging, 58

medical treatment, 58-59

minimum data base, 57

physical examination, 56

Pancreatitis, feline, 85-91

aetiology, 89

case history, 85

case work-up, 86-89

diagnosis, 90

diarrhoea, 138

differential diagnosis, 85-86

epidemiology, 89-91

imaging, 87, 87f

minimum data base, 86-87

nutrition, 89b

outcome, 88-89

physical examination, 85

prognosis, 91

treatment, 88-89, 91

Parasitic infections, 130b

diarrhoea, 138

inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 195

intussusception, feline, 137

large intestine diarrhoea, 194

seizures, 77

small intestine diarrhoea, 117

Parasympathomimetics, feline dysautonomia, 34

Parenteral nutrition, 124b

protein losing enteropathy, 124

Partial colectomy, canine colonic vascular ectasia, 159

Partial gastric dilatation, chronic See Chronic partial gastric dilatation, canine

Partial parenteral nutrition, 146b

Parvovirus infection, canine, 142-147, 147f

anti-emetic drugs, 144b

blood glucose, 144b

case history, 142

case work-up, 143-146

differential diagnosis, 142b

emergency diagnostic tests, 143

emergency treatment, 143 epidemiology, 146-147 faecal SNAP(tm) Parvo test, 145, 145b follow-up, 145-146

medical treatment, 144-145 minimum data base, 144 outcomes, 145-146 physical examination, 142 problem discussion, 142-143 problem list, 142-143 prognosis, 147

PCV See Packed cell volume (PCV)

Pepsinogen, stomach, 37

Peristalsis, 41f

Persistent right aortic arch, canine, 26-29, 28f case history, 26 case work-up, 26-27 diagnosis, 27-28 differential diagnoses, 26 endoscopy, 27 epidemiology, 28-29 follow-up, 28 imaging, 27, 27f initial presentation, 26b medical treatment, 27-28 minimum data base, 26-27 physical examination, 26 problem list, 26 prognosis, 29 surgical treatment, 27

P-glycoprotein, canine colorectal neoplasia, 192

Pharmacological causes, feline constipation, 179

Phenobarbitone response regurgitation, canine, 18-20 case history, 18 case work-up, 19 diagnosis, 19-20

differential diagnosis, 18b

epidemiology, 19

follow-up, 19

imaging, 19

initial presentation, 18b

medical treatment, 19

minimum data base, 19

pathophysiology, 19

physical examination, 18

problem discussion, 18

problem list, 18

prognosis, 20

serum concentrations, 20b

Phosphate supplementation, feline hepatic lipidosis, 108

Pilocarpine response test, idiopathic megaoesophagus, 8b Plasmacytes, feline lymphocytic inflammatory bowel disease, 68-69 PLI (pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity) test, small intestine diarrhoea, 117

Polycythaemia, polyuria, 86

Polydipsia, canine corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, 166

Polyethylene glycol, 181

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

alimentary lymphoma, canine, 60

Tritrichomonas, feline, 188

Polyuria corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, canine, 166 differential diagnosis, 86

Porto-systemic shunts, canine, 96-103

case assessment, 99

case history, 96

case work-up, 98-103

epidemiology, 102

follow-up, 101

imaging, 98-99, 98f-99f, 99b

medical management, 100, 100b minimum data base, 98 pathophysiology, 101-102 physical examination, 96 post-operative care, 101, 101b problem discussion, 96-97 problem list, 96-97 prognosis, 102-103 surgical treatment, 100-101, 100f

Post-hepatic jaundice, 86

Potassium

parvovirus infection, canine, 145 small intestine foreign body, 48

Potassium supplementation hepatic lipidosis, feline, 108 intravenous fluids, 144b

Prednisolone

alimentary lymphoma, canine, 60 alimentary lymphoma, feline, 70 colorectal neoplasia, canine, 191-192 inflammatory bowel disease, canine, 129, 131 inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 197 protein losing enteropathy, 125-126

Pre-hepatic jaundice, 86

Primary brain disorders, abnormal behaviour, 97 Prokinetic drugs, feline constipation, 181

Protein deprivation, feline hepatic lipidosis, 109

Protein losing enteropathy, canine, 121-127 case history, 121 case work-up, 122-126 definition, 126 differential diagnosis, 121b-122b endoscopy, 123-124 epidemiology, 127 imaging, 123

minimum data base, 122-123

outcome, 124-126

physical examination, 121

problem discussion, 121-122

problem list, 121-122

prognosis, 127

treatment, 124-126

Prothrombin time, feline exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, 139

Proton pump inhibitors, oesophageal stricture, 16

Ptyalism, causes, 105

Pyelonephritis, polyuria, 86

Pyloric orifice, stomach, 38f

Pyloric sphincter, stomach, 38f

Pylorus, stomach, 37, 38f

Pyridostigmine, canine myasthenia gravis, 12-13

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) deficiency, feline hepatic lipidosis, 109

Radiography

abdominal See Abdominal radiography

colonic vascular ectasia, canine, 158

contrast, vomiting, 44-45

gastric volvulus, 53-55

glue ingestion, canine, 75

large intestine disorders, 173

lead ingestion, 79

oesophageal foreign bodies, 24

small intestine diarrhoea, 118

thoracic see Thoracic radiography See also Barium contrast meals

Ranitidine, 92b, 181

corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, canine, 170 linear foreign bodies, feline, 94 oesophageal foreign bodies, 23

oesophageal stricture, 16

pancreatitis, canine, 58

pancreatitis, feline, 88

parvovirus infection, canine, 144-145

protein losing enteropathy, 125

Recombinant feline interferon omega, canine parvovirus infection, 146

Rectal diseases, 177

Rectal stricture, 177

Rectum, 173

anatomy, 174f

Reflux oesophagitis, idiopathic megaoesophagus, 9

Regurgitation, 3-5, 211-212

diagnosis, 4-5

differential diagnosis, 26

cat, 31

dysphagia, 3-4

imaging, 11b

oesophageal stricture, 14

radiography, 4-5

vomiting vs., 3, 6b, 7t, 42-43, 128b

Renal pain, causes, 105

Reticulocyte count, 167b

canine corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, 166-167

Ronidazole, feline Tritrichomonas, 187-188

Rottweiler, parvovirus infection, 142b, 146

Salivation, dehydration, 210

Salmonella, small intestine diarrhoea, 117

Salt supplementation, hypoadrenocorticism, 65

Schirmer tear test, 31

Scottish terrier, myasthenia gravis, 12-13

Secretagogues, large intestine diarrhoea, 194

Secretory diarrhoea, 113

Segmentation, 41f

Seizures, differential diagnosis, 77

Self-limiting diarrhoea, 114

Serosa layer, small intestine, 40f

Serum chemistry

canine myasthenia gravis, 11

chronic partial gastric dilatation, 52

colonic vascular ectasia, canine, 158

colorectal neoplasia, canine, 190

corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, canine, 166-167 dehydration effects, 154b

dysautonomia, feline, 31-32

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, feline, 139

gastric adenocarcinoma, canine, 82

glue ingestion, canine, 73

hepatic lipidosis, feline, 106, 109

hypoadrenocorticism, 62

inflammatory bowel disease, canine, 130

inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 194

intestinal leiomyoma, canine, 161

intussusception, feline, 134

lead ingestion, 77-78

oesophageal foreign bodies, 22

pancreatitis/alimentary lymphoma, canine, 57

pancreatitis, feline, 86

parvovirus infection, canine, 145

phenobarbitone response regurgitation, 19 porto-systemic shunts, canine, 98

protein losing enteropathy, 122

small intestine diarrhoea, 116-117

small intestine foreign body, 48

Tritrichomonas, feline, 186

vomiting, 44

young animals, 145b

Serum proteins

feline hepatic lipidosis, 106see also specific proteins

Shar Pei, inflammatory bowel disease, 128b

Shorthaired cat

hepatic lipidosis, 104b

lymphocytic inflammatory bowel disease/alimentary lymphoma, 66b

Siamese cat

Tritrichomonas, 186b

SIBO (small intestinal bacterial overgrowth), 117

Skin tenting, dehydration, 210

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), 117

Small intestinal diarrhoea, 116-120, 211-212

acute, 119-120

cobalamin, 117-118

diagnosis, 128b

dietary trials, 116

differential diagnosis, 121b-122b, 129b-130b, 193b-194b

endoscopy, 119

exploratory laparotomy, 119

faecal alpha-antiprotease, 117

faecal tests, 117

folate, 117-118

gastrointestinal permeability testing, 118, 118f imaging, 118-119see also specific methods intestinal biopsy, 119

minimum data base, 116-117

radiography, 118

ultrasonography, 118-119

Small intestine, 37-41

anatomy, 40f

cat, 37

dog, 37

layers of, 40f

motility, 40

ultrasound, 69f

Small intestine diseases/disorders

acute onset vomiting, 154

chronic small intestine diarrhoea, 97

differential diagnosis, small intestine foreign body, 47 small intestine diarrhoea, 116, 122, 129, 194

vomiting, 18, 51-52, 56, 62, 66, 72, 76, 82, 85-86, 97

vomiting, feline, 93see also specific diseases/disorders

Small intestine malabsorption, large intestine diarrhoea, 186

SNAP Combo(tm) test, feline intussusception, 134

SNAP cPL (canine pancreatic specific lipase), 82b

protein losing enteropathy, 124

small intestine diarrhoea, 117, 117f

Sodiumipotassium ratios, 63b

Sodium, small intestine foreign body, 48-50

Starvation

hepatic lipidosis, feline, 109

porto-systemic shunts, canine, 101

Stimulant laxatives, 181

Stomach, 37

anatomy, 38f, 40f

Stomach disorders

acute onset vomiting, 153-154

chronic small intestine diarrhoea, 97

differential diagnosis, small intestine foreign body, 47 small intestine diarrhoea, 116, 121, 129

vomiting, 18, 51, 56, 62, 66, 72, 76, 81, 85, 97, 130

feline, 93

Stress hormone, hepatic lipidosis, feline, 109-110

Struvite crystals, 82b

canine gastric adenocarcinoma, 82

Submandibular lymph nodes, feline hepatic lipidosis, 104

Submucosal layer, small intestine, 37, 40f

Sub-total colectomy advantages/disadvantages, 183t colonic vascular ectasia, canine, 158-159 constipation, feline, 182-183, 182f

Succimer, lead ingestion, 79-80

Sucralfate, 27b corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, canine, 170 glue ingestion, canine, 74 oesophageal foreign bodies, 23, 25 oesophageal stricture, 16 pancreatitis, canine, 58 persistent right aortic arch, 27-28

Sulfasalazine

applications, 129b inflammatory bowel disease, canine, 129

Supportive care dysautonomia, feline, 33-34 haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, canine, 156

Surgery, feline constipation, 182-183

Swallowing, 3-5

cat, 3

dog, 3

Swallowing contrast studies, 4b, 5, 5f

Systemic disorders abnormal behaviour, 97 acute onset vomiting, 154 large intestine diarrhoea, 173, 194 seizures, 77

small intestine diarrhoea, 116

vomiting, 52, 56-57, 62, 66, 72, 76, 82, 86, 97, 130 feline, 93

Taurine

functions, 109

hepatic lipidosis, feline, 108

Tenesmus, differential diagnosis, 31

Thiamine (vitamin Bi), feline hepatic lipidosis, 108-109

Thoracic auscultation

canine myasthenia gravis, 10

chronic partial gastric dilatation, 51

constipation, feline, 178 corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, canine, 165 gastric adenocarcinoma, canine, 81

glue ingestion, canine, 72

hepatic lipidosis, feline, 104 hypoadrenocorticism, 61 inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 193 oesophageal foreign bodies, 21 oesophageal stricture, 14

pancreatitis/alimentary lymphoma, canine, 56 persistent right aortic arch, 26

porto-systemic shunt, 96

small intestine foreign body, 47

Thoracic oesophagus, 3

Thoracic radiography

canine myasthenia gravis, 11, 12f

clinical tips, 14b

dysautonomia, feline, 32

gastric adenocarcinoma, canine, 83

hypoadrenocorticism, 63, 63f idiopathic megaoesophagus, 8, 8f intestinal leiomyoma, canine, 161-162, 162f intussusception, feline, 134, 134f oesophageal foreign bodies, 22-23, 22f oesophageal stricture, 14 persistent right aortic arch, 26

phenobarbitone response regurgitation, 19 Thrombocytopenia, immune mediated, 170b Thyroxine (T4)

idiopathic megaoesophagus, 8 inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 195 pancreatitis/alimentary lymphoma, canine, 57 vomiting, feline, 44

TLI See Trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) test

Total carbon dioxide (Tco₂), vomiting, 44 Toxins

large intestine diarrhoea, 186 seizures, 77 vomiting, 77, 86, 130

Toxoplasma, 195b

feline inflammatory bowel disease, 195

Transverse colon, 40f

Trauma

constipation, feline, 178-179 glue ingestion, canine, 74

Tritrichomonas, feline, 186-188

case history, 186

case work-up, 186-187 clinical signs, 187 differential diagnosis, 186 epidemiology, 187-188 faecal tests, 187 imaging, 186 life cycle, 187 minimum data base, 186 outcome, 187 physical examination, 186 prevalence, 187 problem discussion, 186 problem list, 186 prognosis, 188

treatment, 187-188

Trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) test inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 194-195 small intestine diarrhoea, 117 vomiting, 44

Tylosin, canine colonic vascular ectasia, 158-159

Ultrasound

abdominal See Abdominal ultrasound

clinical tips, 196b

hepatic lipidosis, feline, 107

intestinal leiomyoma, canine, 162-163, 162f

intestinal wall examination, 118-119

intussusception, 45

intussusception, feline, 137

large intestine disorders, 173

small intestine diarrhoea, 118-119

vomiting, 45

Uraemia

large intestine diarrhoea, 194

small intestine diarrhoea, 194

Urate crystals, porto-systemic shunts, canine, 99b

Urea

hepatic lipidosis, feline, 106

nitrogen:creatinine ratio, gastrointestinal bleeding, 166b porto-systemic shunts, canine, 99b

Urinalysis

canine myasthenia gravis, 11

chronic partial gastric dilatation, 52

colorectal neoplasia, canine, 190

constipation, feline, 179

corticosteroid-induced gastrointestinal ulceration, canine, 166-167

dysautonomia, feline, 32

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, feline, 139

gastric adenocarcinoma, canine, 82

hepatic lipidosis, feline, 106, 106f

hypoadrenocorticism, 62

idiopathic megaoesophagus, 7

inflammatory bowel disease, canine, 130

inflammatory bowel disease, feline, 195

intestinal leiomyoma, canine, 161

lead ingestion, 77-78

lymphocytic inflammatory bowel disease, 68 pancreatitis/alimentary lymphoma, canine, 57 pancreatitis, feline, 87

phenobarbitone response regurgitation, 19 porto-systemic shunts, canine, 98

protein losing enteropathy, 122 small intestine diarrhoea, 116-117 small intestine foreign body, 48 Tritrichomonas, feline, 186

vomiting, 44

Urination, dehydration, 210

Urine sediment, 88b

Urine specific gravity

cats, 68b

oesophageal foreign bodies, 22 porto-systemic shunts, canine, 99b

Vaccinations

canine myasthenia gravis, 13 parvovirus, 146

Vascular ring anomalies, 28

Ventrodorsal abdominal radiographs, small intestine foreign body, 48, 49f

Vincristine

alimentary lymphoma, canine, 60 colorectal neoplasia, canine, 191

Viral infections, acute diarrhoea, 119

Vitamin deficiencies, hepatic lipidosis, feline, 109

Vitamin supplementation, hepatic lipidosis, feline, 108

Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

deficiency, feline hepatic lipidosis, 109 feline hepatic lipidosis, 108

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency, feline hepatic lipidosis, 109

Vitamin B12 See Cobalamin (vitamin B12)

Vitamin D, lead ingestion, 79

Vitamin E deficiency, feline hepatic lipidosis, 109

Vitamin K

exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, feline, 140

hepatic lipidosis, feline, 108-109

Vitamin K deficiency, feline hepatic lipidosis, 109

Vomiting, 42-46, 211

acute onset, differential diagnosis, 153b-154b cat, causes, 105

contrast radiography, 44-45

definition, 42

diagnosis, 42

diet, 43

differential diagnosis, 18b, 51b-52b, 72b, 76-77, 85-86, 97, 130,

142b

cats, 31

dysautonomia, feline, 30

endoscopy, 45, 45f

environmental history, 43

exploratory celiotomy, 45-46

history, 42-43

imaging, 44

intussusception, 45

laboratory data, 43-44

minimum data base, 43-44

nausea, 43

nutrition, 146b

pathophysiology, 42

physical examination, 43

regurgitation vs., 3, 6b, 7t, 42-43, 128b

signalment, 42-43

ultrasound, 45

work-up, 43-46

Vomiting centre, 42, 43f

Wall structure, colon, 183-184, 184f

Weakness, canine myasthenia gravis, 10

Weight loss

causes, 105

differential diagnosis, 130

dysautonomia, feline, 30

West Highland white terriers

lead ingestion, 76b

oesophageal foreign bodies, 23-24

White paraffin, 181

Xylazine, gastro-oesophageal reflux, 17

Yorkshire terriers oesophageal foreign bodies, 23-24 porto-systemic shunts, 102