Bibliographic Essay

Useful recent essays on the scholarly literature of piracy are David J. Starkey, ‘Voluntaries and Sea Robbers: A Review of the Academic Literature on Privateering, Corsairing, Buccaneering and Piracy', Mariner's Mirror 97.1 (2011), 127-47; and Patrick Connolly and Robert Antony, ‘“A Terrible Scourge”: Piracy, Coastal Defense, and the Historian', in Teddy Sim (ed.), Qi Jiguang and the Maritime Defence of China, (Singapore: Springer, 2017), pp.

For general approaches to early modern piracy see J. L. Anderson, ‘Piracy and World History: An Economic Perspective on Maritime Predation', Journal of World History 6.2 (i995), 175-99; Philip Gosse, The History of Piracy (London: Longmans, Green, 1932); and C. R. Pennell (ed.), Bandits at Sea: A Pirates Reader (New York: New York University Press, 2001). On the relationships between piracy, laws and states see Michael Kempe, ‘Even the Remotest Corners of the World: Globalized Piracy and International Law, 1500-1900', Journal of Global History 5.3 (2010), 353-72; Janice E. Thompson, Mercenaries, Pirates, and Sovereigns: State-Building and Extraterritorial Violence in Early Modern Europe (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994); and Lauren Benton, A Search for Sovereignty: Law and Geography in European Empires, 1400-1900 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009).

For Mediterranean piracy see Catherine Bracewell, The Uskoks of Senj: Piracy, Banditry, and Holy War in the Sixteenth-Century Adriatic (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2011); Robert Davis, Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500-1800 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003); and G. L. Weiss, Captives and Corsairs: France and Slavery in the Early Modern Mediterranean (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2011).

For Indian Ocean piracy see Robert Ritchie, Captain Kidd and the War against the Pirates (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986); Charles Davies, The Blood-Red Arab Flag: An Investigation into Qasimi Piracy, 1797-1820 (Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1997); Sebastian R. Prange, ‘A Trade of No Dishonor: Piracy, Commerce, and Community in the Western Indian Ocean, Twelfth to Sixteenth Century', American Historical Review 116.5 (2011), 1269-93; and Patricia Risso, ‘Cross-Cultural Perceptions of Piracy: Maritime Violence in the Western Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf during a Long Eighteenth Century', Journal of World History 12.2 (2001), 293-319.

Studies of East Asian piracy include Kwan-W ai So, Japanese Piracy in Ming China During the 16th Century (Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1975); Dian Murray, Pirates of the South China Coast, 1790-1810 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1987); and Robert Antony, Like Froth Floating on the Sea: The World of Pirates and Seafarers in Late Imperial South, China Research monograh (Berkeley: University of California, Institute of East Asian Studies, 2003). For South East Asia see the two studies by James Warren: The Sulu Zone (Singapore: Singapore University Press, 1981) and Iranun and Balangingi (Singapore: Singapore University Press, 2002); and Jennifer L. Gaynor, Intertidal History in Island Southeast Asia: Submerged Genealogy and the Legacy of Coastal Capture (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2016).

Among the many studies on piracy in the Americas see Mark Hanna, Pirate Nests and the Rise of the British Empire, 1570-1740 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015); Jon Latimer, Buccaneers of the Caribbean: How Piracy Forged an Empire (Cambridge, M: Harvard University Press, 2009); Matthew McCarthy, Privateering, Piracy and British Policy in Spanish America, 1810-1830 (Kingston upon Hull: University of Hull, 2013); Marcus Rediker, Villains of All Nations: Atlantic Pirates in the Golden Age (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 2004); Kris Lane, Pillaging the Empire: Global Piracy on the High Seas, 1500-1750 (New York: Routledge, 2015); and Kevin McDonald, Pirates, Merchants, Settlers, and Slaves: Colonial America and the Indo-Atlantic World (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2015).