Illustrations

Maps

1.1 Europe in 1914 7

2.1 Territorial changes in Europe after the First World War 35

3.1 Japanese expansion in East Asia until 1939 60

4.1 The British Empire in 1922 83

4.2 The Middle East in 1922 91

4.3 Africa in 1922 101

5.1 UN partition plan for Palestine, 1947 120

5.2 Post-war Israel, 1948 127

6.1 US interventions in the Caribbean and Central America,

1898-1941 146

7.1 German expansion, 1935-39 167

8.1 German expansion in Europe, 1939-40 189

8.2 Japanese expansion in Asia, 1940-42 198

9.1 The Cold War in Europe, 1955 234

10.1 Decolonization in South and South-East Asia 251

10.2 The Korean War 264

12.1 The Vietnam War in the 1960s 302

16.1 The United States and Latin America since 1945 382

17.1 Decolonization in Africa 406

18.1 The Six-Day War 435

18.2 The West Bank in 2000 445

19.1 The Muslim world 461

20.1 The states of the former Soviet Union after 1991 487

20.2 The former Yugoslavia 496

21.1 EEC/EU enlargements 511

Figure

1.1 Defence expenditure of the European Great Powers, 1900-13 9

Tables

1.1 Total populations of the Great Powers, 1890-1913 8

5.1 British high commissioners for Palestine, 1920-48 114

9.1 Aid allocated under the European Recovery Program 227

11.1 Detente and the Soviet-American nuclear balance: strategic

launcher parity 287

11.2 Nuclear warheads (ICBMs and SLBMs) parity 287

14.1 Japanese economic growth, 1955-65 342

Boxes

Debates and controversies

Debating the origins of the First World War 29

Debating peacemaking in 1919 55

Debating the intelligence failure at Pearl Harbor 77

Debating the origins of modern Western imperialism 84

Debating the 1948 war 128

Debating the origins of American interventionism 147

Debating ideology and foreign policy in the 1930s 184

Debating why the Allies won the Second World War 212

Debating the origins of the Cold War 229

Debating PRC-American relations and the ‘lost chance' thesis 259

Debating the Cuban Missile Crisis 274

Debating the rise and collapse of detente 291

Debating America's Vietnam War 308

Defining the Third World 319

Debating Japan's ‘economic miracle' 344

Debating the Sino-Soviet split 362

Debating the impact of the Cold War in the Western Hemisphere 399

Debating the African state 421

Debating the Cold War in the Middle East 450

Debating the state strategies and responses to the Islamist challenge 462

Debating the end of the Cold War 486

Where scholars disagree: realists, liberal intergovernmentalists,

functionalists and federalists 519

Documents

2.1 Extracts from the Treaty of Versailles 42

5.1 Letter from McMahon to Sharif Hussein, 24 October 1915 112

5.2 The Balfour Declaration, 2 November 1917 113

7.1 The Anglo-German declaration, 30 September 1938 181

15.1 Mao's conversation with Soviet ambassador, Pavel Yudin,

31 March 1956 360

16.1 George Kennan on the United States and Latin America,

March 1950 383

22.1 The Bush Doctrine — Excerpts from the National Security Strategy

of the United States, 22 September 2002 526

Plates

1.1 Kaiser Wilhelm II and his chief military, naval and political

advisers, 1910 20

2.1 Versailles Peace Conference attendees, France, 1919 40

3.1 Washington Conference, USA, November 1921 63

4.1 Mahatma Gandhi, January 1922 97

5.1 Declaration of the State of Israel, Tel-Aviv, Israel, 14 May 1948 126

6.1 US marines are led by a guide to look for bandits, Haiti, 1919 141

7.1 Munich Conference, Germany, 30 September 1938 180

8.1 The ‘Big Three' at the Teheran Conference, December 1943 204

9.1 The Berlin Airlift, Germany, 1948 219

10.1 Refugees in China, May 1946 257

11.1 Nixon and Brezhnev in Moscow, 31 May 1972 281

12.1 The Tet Offensive, January 1968 305

13.1 Group of 77 Conference, Dohar, Qatar, 15 June 2005 331

14.1 Neon lights in the Ginza district of Tokyo, Japan, 1998 348

15.1 Mao and Nixon, Beijing, China, February 1972 367

16.1 Ernesto ‘Che' Guevara, 17 December 1964 390

17.1 Demonstrators in Cape Town, South Africa, October 1976 417

18.1 Moshe Dayan, Yitzhak Rabin and Uzi Narkiss enter the Old

City of Jerusalem, June 1967 436

19.1 Indonesian police, Surabaya, Indonesia, May 2000 472

20.1 Reagan and Gorbachev, Geneva summit, Switzerland,

November 1985 484

21.1 Kohl and Mitterrand, Paris, September 1992 509

22.1 New York, 11 September 2001 524