Index

Abkhazians, 717

Abramovitsh, Sholem Yankev (Mendele Moykher-Sforim, 1835-1917), 364

Academy of Sciences: Austrian, 474; Polish, 447; Russian, 288, 382, 393, 404; Ukrainian, 455, 461, 474, 521, 663, 704.

Adelfotes. See Brotherhoods (bratstva) Adriatic Sea, 492

Aegean Sea (and region), 30, 32, 58, 60, ^1O3, ¹3¹, 52^O

Afghanistan, 716 Africa, 61, 492 Agnon, Shem’el Yosef (1888-1970), 466 Agreement of Pereiaslav. See Pereiaslav,

Agreement of

Agriculture, 6; in pre-Kievan period, 32, 43; in Kievan Rus’, 96, 99; Lithuanian- Polish-Crimean period, 155-156, 182, 190-191; in the Cossack state/ Hetmanate, 269; in Sloboda Ukraine, 279; in Dnieper Ukraine, 296, 326, 32^8, 344^-345, 3⁶5, 3^66, 37¹; ^{in Aus­}trian Galicia, 418, 450-451; in Soviet Ukraine, 386-389, 391-395, 589, 608­609, 693, 706-708; in interwar Galicia, 628-629; in interwar Subcarpathian Rus’/Transcarpathia, 648; literature about, 782, 799, 812-813. See also Col­lectivization of agriculture; Economy/

Economic development

Ahad Ha-Am (Asher Hirsh Ginsberg, 1856-1927), 364

Aivazovskii, Ivan (1817-1900), 354

Aizenshtok, larema (1900-1980), 618

Akcja Wisla. See Vistula Operation

Akkerman, 179. See also Tighina

Akmescit, 367

Aksel’rod, Pavel (1850-1928), 363

Akt (June 30, 1941), 671

^Al^ans, 25, 29, 34, 35, 3^6, 42, 47, 4^{8, 111}, 113, 119, 181, 623

Albania, 13, 701

Albanians: in Dnieper Ukraine, 285

Aldeigjuborg. See Staraia Ladoga/Aldeig- juborg

Aleichem, Sholem. See Sholem Aleichem

Aleksander Nevskii, 115, 694

Aleksander Sugar Refinery, 358

Aleksei of Theodoro-Mangup, 119

Aleksei Romanov (1629-1676), 224, 226, 227, 232, 233, 234, 239

Aleksei, Saint.

Alexander I Romanov (1777-1825), 330, 335, 364

Alexander II Romanov (1818-1881), 330, 340, 361, 390, 395, 788

Alexander III Romanov (1845-1874), 230, 330, 395

Alexandria, patriarch of. See Patriarchate, of Alexandria

Alexianu, Gheorghe, 669

Algirdas (d. 1377), 136, 137 All-Crimean Muslim Congress, 544 All-German National Assembly, 433, 438 Allied and Associated Powers/Allies, 524, 52^8, 533, 55¹, 559, 5⁶¹; l^iterature about, 796

All-Russian Central Executive Committee, 564

All-Russian Communist (Bolshevik) party, 526, 528, 562, 567; and indigenization, 569. See also All-Union Communist (Bol­shevik) party

All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Work­ers’, Peasants’, and Soldiers’ Deputies, 5^O9

All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, 578,

602,603; Jewish scholarship in, 578,

603,617; Polish scholarship in, 619

All-Ukrainian Alliance of Zemstvos, 520

All-Ukrainian Central Executive Commit­tee, 563, 566

All-Ukrainian Church Congress, 521

All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets (Vseukrains’kyi z’izd rad), 511, 566

All-Ukrainian Congress of Workers’, Sol­diers’, and Peasants’ Deputies, 511, 566

All-Ukrainian Museum of Jewish Culture, 618

All-Ukrainian National Congress, 502 All-Ukrainian Orthodox Church Council, 582, 583

All-Ukrainian Peasant Congress, 507

All-Union Communist party-CPSU,

585, 590, 592-598, 603, 616, 617, 622, 625, 676, 682, 702. See also Communist party of the Soviet Union

Alphabet: Arabic, 623, 624; Cyrillic, 100, ¹37, ¹47, 3⁶9, 42^8, 435, 47^O, 4^{86, 6o}4, 612, 623; Glagolitic, 100; Grazhdanka, 428, 470; Kulishivka, 396; Kyrylytsia, 428, 439, 47o; Latin/Roman, 428, 435, 445, 470, 612, 623; Skrypnykivka, 604

Alps, 58, 61, 167, 168

Al-Qaeda, 732

Alsace, 364, 492, 655

Alsatians: in Dnieper Ukraine, 364

Altshuler, Moyshe (1887-1969), 616 Alushta, 119

Am Olam, 363

American Jewish Joint Distribution Com­mittee, 616

American National Council of Uhro-

Rusyns, 462

Americans, 375, 685

Amur (imperial province), 331

Anarchism: literature about, 796

Anastasia laroslavna, 81

Anatolia, 101, 180, 181, 182, 183, 193, 457

Andras I, 81

Andrei Bogoliubskii, 83, 85, 124

Andropov, lurii (1914-1984), 715

Andrusovo, Treaty of, 241, 242, 247; litera­ture about, 779

Anjou/Angevin dynasty, 137

Anna laroslavna (ca.

Anna Ioannovna (1693-1740), 279, 281, 289

An-ski, S. (Shloyme Zaynvl Rapaport, 1863-1920), 364

An^tae, 3^6, 37, 42, 43, 45, 49, ¹⁸9

Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations, 461

Anti-Normanist position, 56-59

Antioch, 99; patriarch of, see Patriarchate, of Antioch

Anti-Semitism, 183, 361, 719

Antonenko-Davydovych, Borys (1899­1984), 603, 704

Antonescu, Ion (1882-1945), 669, 810

Antonov-Ovseenko, Vladimir (1883­¹93⁸⁾, 5¹2, 529

Antonovych, Dmytro (1877-1945), 404

Antonovych, Volodymyr (1834-1908), 390, 391, 395, 400, 481; on the origin of Rus’, 56; on Cossacks, 188; on Maz­epa, 254

Apostol, Danila/Danylo (1654-1734), 266, 287, 288, 297, 369

Aq Kerman, 179

Arab Caliphate, 47, 61, 63

Arabs, 38, 47, 61, 100

Aral Sea, 47

Archeographic Commission, 383, 386, 3⁸7, 57^{8, 61}7

Archeology, 26, 44-45; Congress of 1874, 395; literature about, 41, 766

Archipenko, Aleksander (1887-1964),

354

Architecture: in Kievan Rus’, 104; in Gali- cia-Volhynia, 127; in the Cossack state, 273, 302-303; in Habsburg Empire, 414; literature about, 771

Arenda system, 149, 153, 155, 267, 309, 3¹², 357, 4¹9

Arendt, Hannah, 539

Argentina, 629

Argin clan, 181

Arianism/Arians, 36, 75

Arius, 36

Arizona, 3

Arkhangel’sk, 298

Armenia, 562

Armenian language, 7, 181, 413 Armenian-rite Catholic Church, 422 Armenians, 717; in Kievan Rus’, 92; in

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 146, 154, 163; in eastern Galicia, 125, 422; in Crimea, 117, 181, 182, 269, 285, 621; in postwar Soviet Ukraine, 689; in independent Ukraine 9, 745; literature about, 776, 779

Armija Krajowa. See Home Army

Arrata, 28

Arsenii of Elasson (1549-1626), 164

Art: in pre-Kievan period, 32-33; and Maz­epa, 273; in Soviet Ukraine, 580, 608; history of, 705. See also Painting

Arta, 57

Artemivs’k, 284, 577; see also Bakhmut/

Artemivs’k

Asia, 101; Central, see Central Asia

Asia Minor, 29, 30, 100

Askol’d (d.

Association of Proletarian Writers (Hart), 581

Association of Revolutionary Peasant Writ­ers (Pluh), 581

Association of Soviet Writers of Ukraine, 603

Association of the Polish People (Sto- warzyszenie Ludu Polskiego), 355

Astrakhan’ Khanate, 177, 179

Athens, 30, 355

Athos, Mount, 103

Attila, 35

Audit Union of Ukrainian Cooperatives,

⁶32

August II of Saxony, 309, 312, 313 August III of Saxony, 309, 312, 313 Aurora Romana (journal), 466 Auschwitz: death camp, 676 Ausgleich, 446, 485

Australia: ethnic Ukrainians in, 11

Austria, 3, 13, 16, 18, 58, 167, 242, 256, 401, 411-418 passim, 423-466 passim, 468, 478, 481, 482, 488, 689; defeated by Prussia, 446; and World War I, 497, 5¹5, 547, 552, 5⁶¹; intemar, ⁶32, ⁶55; annexed to Germany, 656, 657; during World War II, 671, 672

Austria-Hungary, 403, 422, 446, 449, 45^8, 4⁶5, 4⁶7, 4⁶9, 48^o, 482, 4⁸3, 485, 488; formation of, 413; in World War I, 491-496 passim, 500, 512-520 passim, 54^O, 543, 547, 54^8, 57^8, 559, ⁶2^O, ⁶55, 620, 655. See also Austro-Hungarian Empire

Austrian Empire, 331, 377, 411-439 passim, 443, 467, 479, 480; acquires Ukrainian lands, 318, 325, 411, 423; structure of, 413, 414. See also Austria Austrian Imperial Academy of Sciences. See Academy of Sciences, Austrian

^Austrians, 420 425, 495, 549, 553 Austro-Germans, 438, 485, 644; literature about, 790. See also Austrians; Germans Austro-Hungarian Army, 482, 494, 495,

548

Austro-Hungarian Empire, 323, 359, 399, 403, 407, 413, 452, 455, 465, 468, 480, 481,484, 487, 492, 49⁶, 497, 547, 548, 553, 555, 559· See also Austria-Hungary

Autocephaly, 171, 222, 521, 522, 527, 5⁸¹, 582, ⁶39, 743

Autonomization, 569

Autonomous Republic of Crimea, 7, 740, 746; literature about, 820

Autonomy, 406, 642, 717, 729, 743, 749; in Soviet Ukraine, 565-584 passim; in interwar Galicia, 627, 630, 641; in Sub­carpathian Rus’/Transcarpathia, 554, 646-647, 657-660, 722, 729, 748; in Crimea, 670, 727, 746

Auvergne, 58

^Avars, 25, 29, 35, 3⁶, 45, 47

Azak, 176· See also Azov

Azerbaijan, 117, 562, 731

Azerbaijanis, 717; in Ukraine, 9; in UPA, 681

Azeri language, 7

Azov/Azak (town), 179, 258, 263, 290

Azov, ^{Sea of}, 3, 5, 25, 3⁰, 3¹, 37, 42, 57, 58, 75, 78, 111-118 passim, 177-184 passim, 258, 263, 285, 290, 320, 325, 337, 364, 365, 366, 526; Bulgarians and Greeks along shores of, 9, 30, 31,42, 37^O, 37¹, 372, ⁶25

Azov Cossack Army, 336, 337

Baal Shem Tov (Yisra’el ben Eli’ezer, 1700-1760), 316, 360

Babel, Isaak (1894-1940), 534, 618

Babi Yar.

Babs' ki bunty, 593

Babyn Iar, 676, 679

Bachyns’kyi, Andrei (1732-1809), 430

Bachyns’kyi, luliian (1870-1940), 477, 478, 636

Bachyns’kyi, Lev (1872-1930), 635 Bachyns’kyi, Volodymyr (1880-1927), 635

Badan-Iavorenko, Oleksander (1895­

¹933⁾, ⁶3⁶

Baden, 364

Badeni, Kazimierz (1846-1909), 477 Badz’o, lurii (b. 1936), 710; literature about, 815

Baghdad, 47, 63, 183

Bahalii, Dmytro (1857-1932), 400, 578 Bah9esaray, 182, 184, 185, 290, 367, 368, 545. See also Bakhchysarai

Bajorai, 144. See also Boyars

Bakhchysarai, 36, 118, 182, 368, 545, 622; Treaty of, 241

Bakhmut/Artemivs’k, 284, 577 Balaban, Dionysii (d. 1663), 270

Balaban, Gedeon (1530-1607), 171, 172, ¹73, ¹7⁶

Balabanos, Oleksii, 163 Balaklava/Baliklava, 119, 179, 332

Balfe, Michael, 255

Balin, 94 Balkans, 62, 68, 71, 100, 101, 105, 156,

¹⁶2, ¹93, 283, 284, 3^18, 33¹, 332, 371, 492, ⁶57, 7^O1, 7¹⁶

Balta, 317, 345, 370, 612

Baltic: countries, 63; peoples, 63, 71; provinces, 289; region, 63, 85, 133, 136, 144, 152, 155, 156, 168, 226, 262, 277, 297, 512; states, 223, 277, 661, 697, 717, 730, 818; tribes, 71, 133, 135, 136; literature about, 818. See also Lithuania, Lithuanian S.S.R.

Baltic-Dnieper-Black Sea route, 65, 66, 67, 96, 99

^{Baltic Sea}, 5, 35, 41, 42, 49, 5^O, 5^{6, 1}55, 156, 318, 345, 533; Kievan Rus’ and, 65, 67, 85, 96; Galicia/Galicia-Volhynia and, 123, 129; Grand Duchy of Lithuania and, 133, 144; Polish ports along, 153; Muscovy and, 223, 253, 258, 262, 277

Baludians’kyi, Mykhailo (1769-1847), 430 Balzer, Oswald (1858-1933), 456

Banat region, 337

Bandera, Stepan (1909-1959), 454, 640, ⁶⁶5, ⁶7¹, ⁶72, 739

Banderites/Banderite faction/OUN-B, 665, 670-672, 678, 681.

Bantysh-Kamenskii, Dmitrii (1788-1850),

18, 380

Baptists, 741; literature about, 817 Bar, Confederation of, 313, 317, 318 Barabash, lakiv (d. 1658), 234 Baranovych, Lazar (1593-1694), 271;

literature on, 778 Barbareum, 425, 427, 430 Barin clan, 181 Barshchina, 339 Bartabas (Clement Marty), 255 Bartoszewicz, Joachim, 540 Basilian Order, 399

Baskaki, 126

Basok-Melenivs’kyi, M., 404

Batih, Battle of, 220 Batory, Stefan (1533-1586), 196, 197 Batu, Khan (d. 1255), 113, 114, 115, 125 Baturyn, 251, 256, 260, 261, 273, 286,

288, 289, 297, 303 Bauer, Otto, 403, 536 Bayer, Gottlieb, 56 Bazylevych, Vasyl’ (1893-1942), 603 Bazylovych, loanykii (1742-1821), 430 Beauplan, Guillaume le Vasseur de

(1600-1675), 189, 194, 198, 199; writ­ⁱⁿg^{s b}y, 755

Beilis, Mendel (1874-1934), 361; litera­ture about, 784

Bektore, gevki (1881-1961), 458, 623 Belarus, 12, 13, 39, 41, 135, 533, 620,

623, 630, 669, 672, 730; ethnic Ukrain­ians in, 10, 11; Poles on, 17; in Polish- Lithuanian period, 136, 140, 144, 193, 201, 204, 205; at time of Cossack state, 238, 270; Khmel’nyts’kyi and, 210; church hierarchs from, 204, 305; in Russian Empire, 358, 370, 382; as Soviet republic, see Soviet Belarus

Belarusan language, 7, 8, 23, 106-107,

¹37, ¹47, 7^O9

Belarusans, 12, 13, 107, 147, 157, 218, 222, 225, 398, 531; in Dnieper Ukraine, 350, 370; in the revolutionary era (1917-1920), 536; in Soviet Ukraine, 611, 689; in interwar Poland, 630; in Crimea, 690; in independent Ukraine, 9> 745

Belgians, 377; in Dnieper Ukraine, 348 Bdgrnm 372, 377, 4⁶2, 749

Belgorod, 226, 279, 280; (oblast), 10;

(Orthodox eparchy), 271, 300, 302 Belgorod Line, 226, 279

Beloozero, 60, 63

Belorossy. See Belorussians

Belorussian S.S.R. See Soviet Belorussia Belorussians (belorossy), 469. See also Bela- rusans

Belz (city), 121, 420; (Hasidic dynasty), 421; (palatinate), 141, 143, 190, 259, 307, 310, 318, 411,415; (Orthodox and Uniate eparchies), see Volodymyr- Brest; (region), 136, 137, 151, 307, 309, 320

Belzhec death camp, 676

Bendasiuk, Semen (1817-1965), 472, 495 Bendery, 262

Benes, Edvard (1884-1948), 646 Berdiaiev, Nikolai (1874-1948), 354 Berdians’k, 625

Berendei, 94

Berestechko, Battle of, 219, 220

Bereza Kartuzka, 641 Berezhany, 475

Berezil’ Theater, 580 Berezovs’kyi, Maksym (1745-1777), 302

Beria, Lavrentii (1899-1953), 701 Berlin, 184, 332, 671, 673, 675; Jews from

Ukraine in, 465

Berlin Wall, 716

Berynda, Pamvo (i57os-i632), 201

Besieda (journal), 472

Beskyd, Antonin (1855-1933), 647 Bessarabia (region), 9, 331, 335, 466, 642,

671, 685, 692; (imperial province), 325, 326, 330, 353, 364, 611; in interwar Romania, 642, 643, 644; united with Soviet Ukraine, 611, 612, 661, 66; reac­quired by Romania, 667; Bulgarians in, 37o, 37i; Germans in, 355, 675; depor­tation ofJews from, 361, 678; Romani­ans in, 368, 661; Ukrainians in, 643

Bessarabian Covered Market (Bessarabka),

Ç⁶⁰

Bessarabian Protocol, 643

Bezborod’ko, Aleksander (1747-1799), 3^O1, 335

Bialik, Hayyim Nachman (1873-1934), 364

Bialystok: school district, 631

Bibikov, Dmitrii G. (1792-1870), 389

Bieniewski, Stanislaw Kazimierz, 238

Bila Krynytsia, 353

Bila Tserkva, 214, 255, 523; agreement at,

219

Bila Vezha, 48, 68, 78, 84

Bilaniuk, Petro (1932-1998), 76

Bilhorod: Orthodox eparchy, 77, 81

Bilhorod/Bilhorod-Dnistrovs’kyi, 117, ¹23, ¹79

Bilinsky, Yaroslav (b. 1932), 695

Bilohirs’k, 182, 183, 368

Bilohrudivka culture, 44

Bilozers’kyi, Vasyl’ (1825-1899), 387

Bil’s’k, 30, 34

BILU organization, 363

Birchak, Volodymyr (1881-1952), 651

Birka, 63, 65

Birnbaum, Nathan (1864-1937), 465

Bismarck, Otto von, 446

Bisy, 50

BIUT, 727

Black Death, 118

Black Hundreds, 361

Black Sea, 5, 18, 41, 96, 97, 101, 114, 217, 314, 332, 376, 666, 667, 706; as “Otto­man lake,” 179. See also Baltic-Dnieper- Black Sea route

Black Sea Cossacks, 325, 336, 337

Black Sea Fleet, 545, 621, 729, 730

Black Sea Germans, 285, 364-365, 530, 620, 667, 675

Black Sea Lands, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 731, 748; in earliest period, 25-38, 42, 43, 46, 48, 49; in Kievan period, 62, 65, 66, 67, 75, 96, 100, 113, 115-119, 123; in Lithua­nian-Polish-Crimean period, 155-156, 177, 178, 180, 181, 184-197, 200; at time of Cossack state, 217, 235, 238, 253, 258; acquired by Russian Empire, ^1o, 279, 285, 29^O-29¹, 320 339, 345, 371, 492; in revolutionary era (1917­¹92⁰⁾, 530 532, 533, 545; ^{Germans in}, 285, 364-365, 530, 620, 668, 675; Jews in, 154, 530, 616

Blakytnyi, Vasyl’ (Vasyl’ Ellans’kyi, 1894­

¹925⁾, 5^68, 573, 5⁸¹, ⁶⁰5

Blitzkrieg, 660, 666

Bloc of Unaffiliated Russian Electors, 540 Blue Waters, Battle of, 136

Bobrinskoi, Georgii, 495 Bobrzynski, Michal (1849-1935), 456 Bobrzynski family, 348

Bodians’kyi, Osyp (1808-1877), 382, 383 Bohemia, 121, 154, 168, 413, 418, 421, 438, 648, 649, 657

Bohemia-Moravia: Kingdom of, 137, 154, 446; Protectorate of, 659

Bohuslav, 185, 238

Boiars 'ki dumy, 92

Boichuk, Mykhailo (1882-1939), 580 Boikos, 638, 748

Boleslaw. See lurii II-Boleslaw Boleslaw V (“the Pious,” 1221-1279), 154 Bolsevikos (newspaper), 624

Bolshevik party. See All-Russian Communist (Bolshevik) party

Bolshevik Revolution, 21, 461, 493, 507, 543, 603, 615, 734

Bolsheviks, 22, 461, 551, 585, 595, 610, 615, 616, 671, 666, 676, 743; in revolu­tionary era, 500, 507-535 passim, 540, 552, 555; p^og^{roms and}, 537, 542; ⁱⁿ Crimea, 545, 546; and the church, 581, 582; and nationalism, 527, 568, 569, 570, 571,572; literature about, 796, 798

Book production and publishing, 105, 164-165, 166, 169, 201, 271-272, 401, 405, 435, 439-440, 441, 445, 47¹, 474, 521, 577^-57^{8, 601}, 7⁰4^-7⁰5, 718, 721, 740; government restrictions on, 393-397, 429, 710-711; literature about, 776, 777

Border Cossack Army, 337

Borets’kyi, lov (d. 1631), 201, 202, 203, 225

Boris. See Borys/Boris

Borot'ba (journal), 568

Borotbists, 527, 568, 573, 574, 605; arrests of former, 603, 605

Borshosh-Kumiats’kyi, lulii (1905-1978), 650

Bortnians’kyi, Dmytro (1751-1825), 302 Borys/Boris Volodymyrovych, Saint (d.

1015), 78, 105

Boryslav, 455, 628

Bosh, Evgeniia (1879-1925), 363

Bosnia-Hercegovina, 492; ethnic Ukrain­ians in, 11

Bospor. See Panticapaeum/Bospor

Bosporan Kingdom, 30-32, 34, 35, 37, 47,

75, 117, 154; literature about, 767 Bosporus, 5, 101, 492

Botev, Hristo (1848-1876), 371

Boyars: in Kievan period, 89-95, 99, 108, 120, 123, 124-126, 129; in Muscovy, 223-224; Lithuanian, 139, 140, 144, 145, 146, 147

^{Boz (d}. ^ca. 375), 43

Brandenburg, 219, 231, 233

Brandt, Willy, 493

Branicki family, 309

Bratchiny, 164

Bratslav (town), 220, 251, 316; (palati­nate), 141, 143, 151, 157, 187, 189, 190, 193, 197, 216, 218, 219, 231, 243, 245, 24^6, 247, 25^O, 259, 3^O7^-32^O passim; in Period of Ruin, 233-238 passim; under Ottoman rule, 241, 242, 307

Bratstva. See Brotherhoods

Bratstvo Tarasivtsiv. See Taras Brotherhood

Brazil, 451

Brazilians, 375

Breslau. See Wroclaw

Brest (city), 121, 166, 173, 204; (region/

oblast), ^io, ¹35, ¹⁶⁰, 325, 399, ⁶55 Brest, Union of, 171-176, 201, 217, 225,

698; literature about, 773, 777 Brest-Litovsk (city), 512, 661 Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of, 512, 513-515,

516, 518, 521, 547; literature about, 794

Brezhnev, Leonid (1906-1982), 702, 707-719 passim, 730

Britain. See Great Britain

British, 101, 377, 459, 534, 562; in Cri­mea, 332, 458; in World War II, 657, 661, 685

British Bible Society, 399

British Isles. See Great Britain

Briukhovets’kyi, Ivan (d. 1668), 280 Briullov, Karl (1799-1852), 385

Brodii, Andrii (1895-1946), 658 Brodskii, Izrail (1823-1888), 358 Brodskii, Lazar (1848-1904), 358

Brodskii family, 348, 358

Brody, 420; Battle of, 683

Bronshtein, Lev. See Trotskii, Leon Bronze Age, 28

Brotherhoods (bratstva), 164, 165, 166,

170, 176, 203, 372; literature about, 776-777

Brovchenko, Volodymyr (b. 1931), 712 Brückner, Aleksander (1856-1939), 56,

456

Brusilov, Aleksei (1853-1926), 496 Brussels, 6

BrzeSc/Brest (palatinate), 627 Buchach, 303, 420

Buda, 417, 429

Budapest, 414, 441, 482, 553, 648, 683 Budennyi, Semen (1883-1973), 534 Budzynovs’kyi, Viacheslav (1868-1935),

477

Buh Cossack Army, 337

Buh River (Western), 5, 39, 41, 49, 123,

¹5¹, ¹⁸4, 3¹9, 325, 347, 3⁶9, 4¹¹, ⁶¹2,

625, 668, 685. See also Southern Buh River

Bujak Nogay, 184

Bukharin, Nikolai, 605 Bukovina (Austrian province), 318, 320,

353, 359, 4¹¹, 4¹5^-4¹9, 4²¹,4²9, 443, 445, 447, 45¹, 45², 455^-459, 4⁶5, 4^66, 470, 480, 482, 485; in revolution of 1848, 437, 440-441; Ukrainian national movement in, 437, 446, 454, 467, 471, 483-485, 487, 493-496; in revolution­^ary ^era, 5ⁱ5, 5^16, 547^-55^o, 552^-553, 555; in interwar Romania, 561, 640, 642-650, 661; (region), 7, 9, 10, 26, 73, 230, 277, 318, 320, 479, 661; in World War II, 666, 668, 675, 678; in Soviet Ukraine, 685, 692, 696, 699; literature about, 762, 790, 793, 795, 802, 804 Bukovinskaia zoria (newspaper), 484 Bukovyna (journal), 484, 758, 792 Bul’ba, Taras. See Taras Bul’ba Bul’ba-Borovets’, Taras (1908-1981), 681 Bulgaria, 13, 69, 77, 87, 98, 103, 167, 457,

48^o, 492, 493, 5¹3, 5¹4, 559, ⁶5^{6, 6}57, 701, 716

Bulgarian Empire, 68, 100, 105 Bulgarian language, 7, 105-107, 371, 625,

747

Bulgarians, 68; in Zaporozhia/New Russia, 284, 285; in Dnieper Ukraine, 283, 296, 350, 370-371; in the revolutionary era (1917-1920), 536; in Soviet Ukraine, 611, 621, 625, 689; in Crimean A.S.S.R., 690; in independent Ukraine, 9, 745, 747

^Bulg^ars, 25, 29, 35, 3^6, 4⁸

Bund, 538 Burghardt, Oswald (lurii Klen, 1891­

1947), 620 Burunday, 126 Byron, Lord, 254 Bush, George W., 732 Bush, George H.W. (Sr.), 731 Byzantine Commonwealth, 100-102;

literature about, 768 Byzantine, Eastern Roman Empire/Byzan-

tium, 25, 36, 43, 47, 60, 62, 63, 66, 79, ⁸¹, ¹¹7, ¹55^-15^{6, 16}5, ¹⁸3, 2^o2, 37¹ ;

Christianity and, 36, 37, 49, 67, 68, 72, 75-78, 92, 103-104, ¹5^8-159, i⁶2, 398; cultural influence of, 25, 36, 37, 67, 72-73, 100-102, 104-105, 158-159, 165, 222, 273, 304; and Khazars, 37-38, 48, 62, 68-69; Rus' trade with, 60, 65, 80, 84, 97, 155; literature about, 771-772

Byzantine Greeks, 37, 39, 74, 81, 92, 103, ¹¹9, 37¹

Byzantium. See Byzantine, Eastern Roman Empire

Caffa, 75, 118, 177, 179, 181, 183; (Roman Catholic bishopric), 117. See also Feodosiia; Kefe; Theodosia

Calvin, John, 168

Calvinists, 168, 741

Camboyluk Nogay, 184

Cambridge, Massachusetts, 455

Canada, 3, 6, 451, 460, 491, 708, 749; diaspora from Ukraine in, 11, 365, 452, 455, 4⁶¹, 4⁶2, 4⁶4, 54¹, 55^O, ⁶2^O, ⁶29, 689, 720

Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies,

455

Cantacuzino family, 369 Caragea family, 371 Carniola, 413, 414 Carol II, 642, 645

Carpathian Basin, 42

Carpathian Mountains, 5, 7, 27, 29, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 50, 66, 94, 99, 113, ¹23, 3^O3, 4¹¹, 429, 434, 44¹, 4⁶9, 495, 554, 561, 626, 646, 648, 681, 682, 683, 697

Carpathian Sich, 658, 659, 671 Carpatho-Russian Liberation Committee,

480

Carpatho-Rusyn language, 7. See also Rusyn language

Carpatho-Rusyn Research Center, 463 Carpatho-Rusyn Society, 463 Carpatho-Rusyns: in Soviet Ukraine,

722; in independent Ukraine, 7, 463, 747-748; as diaspora, 457, 462-463; literature about, 762, 804-805, 820. See also Rusyns/Ukrainians

Carpatho-Ukraine, 453, 658-660, 724; literature about, 805-806

Carynnyk, Marco (b. 1944), 596

Casimir III Piast (“the Great,” 1310-

¹37^o), ¹29, ¹37, ¹38

Caspian Sea, 29, 47, 48, 62, 96, 111, 184 Catalans, 377

Catargiu family, 369

Catastrophe (Jewish), 209, 215, 312, 316, 360, 676

Cathedral of Holy Wisdom/St Sophia (Kiev), 79, 81, 104, 105, 273, 550, 582; literature about, 771

Catherine I (Marta Skavronskaia, 1684­1727), 287

Catherine II (1729-1796), 279, 281, 291­292, 3⁰⁰, 3^O1, 3^18, 323, 39^8, 739; ^and Crimea, 291, 367; and Enlightenment, 289; and Koliivshchyna, 313, 317; and ^nobles, 291 334, 335, 339, 342, 378; and peasantry, 338, 339, 342; invites German colonists, 364, 366; Knyhy bytiia on, 387

Caucasus Mountains, 5, 47, 48, 111, 457, 469, 594, 667

Caves Monastery. See Monastery of the Caves

Cechoslovan (newspaper), 543

Cecora. See Tufora

Celan, Paul (1920-1970), 459

Celtic peoples, 58, 59

Cembalo, 117, 119, 179

Central Asia, 25, 26, 35, 38, 49, 63, 79, 96, 99, ill, ¹¹5, ¹¹7, ¹55, ¹⁸⁰, ¹⁸2, 344, 708, 721, 722, 725; emigration of ethnic Ukrainians to, 349, 452; deportations of Crimean Tatars and ethnic Ukrainians to, 458, 594, 664, 689, 699

Central Jewish Library, 618

Central Military Committee, 548

Central Ministry for Foreign Affairs

(Posol’skii prikaz), 252

Central Ministry for Little Russia (Malo- rossiiskii prikaz), 252

Central Polish Library, 619

Central ^powers, 493, 540, 544, 547, 559, 561; and Ukraine, 512-517, 518-522 passim, 529

Central Rada (of the Ukrainian Natio­nal Republic), 500-507, 509-512, 52¹, 525, 535, 572, 578, ⁶42; ^{and the} Bolsheviks, 509, 511, 526; deposed by German Army, 516-520; and peasantry, 510, 518-519, 529-530; and minority peoples, 536-545 passim

Central Ruthenian National Council, 554 Cerchio, 117, 179

Ceres (goddess), 191

Cerneufi. See Chernivtsi/Cerneufi

C eska druzina, 343

Chair of Ukrainian Studies (University of Toronto), 455

Charitable Society (Czech), 543

Charitable Society for the Publication of

Inexpensive Books, 401

Charlemagne, 61

Charles X Gustav, 233

Charles XII, 253, 258, 259, 260, 262, 263, 281

Charles Martel, 38

Charles University, 631

Charter of the Nobility, 334, 335, 378 Chartoryis’kyi/Czartoryski family, 204, 309 Chas (newspaper), 645

Chechel’, Mykola (1891-1937), 577, 603 Cheliad', 90, 94

Chelm/Kholm (city), 121; (region), 136, 626, 681; (imperial province), see Kholm; (Uniate eparchy), 399

Chelm-Belz (Orthodox eparchy), 160, 399 Chepa, Adriian (1760-ca. 1822), 380 Cheremissians, 47

Cherkasy (term), 193

Cherkasy (town), 193, 201, 210, 316; (dis­trict), 195, 206; (region), 608

Chern', 195, 266

Chernenko, Konstantin (1911-1985), 715, 730

Cherniakhiv culture, 43, 44, 45 Chernihiv (city), 49, 72, 89, 97, 113,

114, 140, 251, 256, 271, 273, 296, 302, 332, 391, 401, 516; monastery in, 162; (principality), 71, 78, 79, 82, 87, 108, 111, 113, 115, 120, 124, 136, 140; (palatinate), 189, 190, 218, 219, 23^³, 235-23^8, 243, 245-247, 25^O, 2⁶5; (imperial province), 290, 294, 325, 3^26, 33^O, 334, 343, 344, 35^1-353, 37^O, 384, 5^Ο7, 5^Ο9, 5^16, 5¹9; ^(oblast), 589; (Orthodox eparchy), 77, 270-271, 300, 399; (Roman Catholic diocese), 355; (region), 6, 7, 57, 72, 113, 117, 223, 226, 294, 370, 588, 679, 681 Chernihiv-Briansk (Orthodox eparchy),

160, 270

Chernivtsi/Cerneufi (city), 414, 429, 485, 495; annexed to Romania, 553, 561; Jewish culture in, 465; Romanian culture in, 466, 644; Ukrainian culture in, 484-485, (oblast), 692; (university), see University: of Chernivtsi

Chersonesus, 30, 36, 75, 77; literature about, 767

Cherven’, 71, 121

Chervonyiprapor (newspaper), 568 Chetvertyns’kyi, Gedeon (d. 1690), 270 Chetyi minei, 105

Chicherin, Georgii Vasilevich, 568 China, 46, 111, 115, 685

Chinggis Khan (Temujin, ca. 1167-1227),

110, 111, 113, 114, 178, 180, 181 Chinggisid dynasty, 179 Chior, Pavel (1902-1943), 612 Chirinau/Kishinev, 361, 399 Chorna Rada (novel), 250, 384, 391 Chorni Klobuky, 79, 90, 94, 95, 126; litera­ture about, 772

Chornobyl’: nuclear plant and disaster at, 454, 706, 718, 719; literature about, 817

Chornovil, Viacheslav (1938-1999), 711; literature about, 815

Chornozem, 6

Chortkiv offensive, 551 Christianization of Rus’, 74-78; subse­quent impact, 100-105; literature about, 771-772

Chrysostom, St John. See Saint John Chrys­ostom

Chteniia, 383

Chubar, Vlas (1891-1939), 574

Chubaty, Nicholas (1889-1975), 76 Chubyns’kyi, Pavlo (1839-1884), 391,

395, 398, 401, 739

Chud’, 59

Chumaky, 345; chumak songs, 395

Chuprynka, Taras (Roman Shukhevych, ¹9^o7^-195^o), 696

Church of the Dormition/Desiatynna/ Tithe Church (Kiev), 104

Church of the Holy Dormition/Uspens’kyi Sobor (L’viv), 165-166

Church Slavonic language, 100, 105-108 passim, 137, 147, 165, 166, 169, 201, 271, 3⁰¹>3^O4,3^O5, 399, 423, 424, 427, 42^8, 43^O, 439, 47⁰,47¹>475, 47^{6, 6}44, 743

Church Union (Unia). See Brest; Florence;

Uzhhorod, Union of

Churchill, Winston, 685, 694

Chvojka, Vikentii. See Khvoika, Vikentii Chyhyryn (town), 210, 211, 214, 219, 227, 251, 313; (district), 206, 210, 211, 228

Chykalenko, levhen (1861-1929), 404, 406, 481, 756

CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), 482 Cihan, Noman Qelebi (1885-1918), 458, 544, 545

Cimmerians, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 44; litera­ture about, 767

Cinema, 482-483, 580, 705, 740; litera­ture about, 801

Circassia, 457, 458

CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States), 730, 732

Cis-Leithenia, 414

Cities. See Urbanization

Classes. See Social strata/estates

Clemenceau, Georges, 559

Clement I, Pope, 75

Clement VIII, Pope, 174

Clinton, Bill, 731, 732

Club of Ruthenian Women, 633 Qobanzade, Bekir (1893-1938), 622,

623

Cohen, Sabbatai, 215

Cold War, 453, 461

Collaboration, 184, 541, 678; literature about, 808, 810

Collectivization of agriculture, 529, 585-586, 589, 591-606 passim, 623­625, 641, 662-663, 667; and Jews, 618; and Poles, 619; and Germans, 620; and women, 634; after World War II, 693, 697, 699, 706-707; literature about, 799-800, 813

ColonelRedl (film), 482-483

Columbia University, 254

Comenius Educational Society, 543 Comintern, 568, 583, 636

Commission for the Polish Affairs, 561

Commission on the Ukraine Famine, 596; literature by, 799

Committees of Poor Peasants, 594

Common Russian (obshcherusskii) lan- guage/orthography, 393, 396; national- ity/people, 15, 431, 469

Commonwealth of Independent States. See CIS

Communism: as ideology, 571-572. See also National Communism

Communist International. See Comintern

Communist party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine- ^CP(b)U, 527, 533, 54^O, 5⁶2, 5⁶5, 5⁶7^­569, 701-703; and Ukrainianization, 569-577; purges of, 605-609; Jewish section in, 616, 618; Polish sections in, 619; Women’s Section in, 634; literature about, 798, 812

Communist party of Eastern Galicia, See Communist party of Western Ukraine

Communist party of Poland, 636

Communist party of the Soviet Union- CPSU, 524, 586, 690, 695-696, 701­703, 712, 719, 722, 725. See also All­Union Communist party

Communist party of Ukraine-CPU.

See Communist party (Bolshevik) of

Ukraine-CP(b)U

Communist party of Ukraine (Ukapists). See Ukrainian Communist party (Uka- pists)

Communist party of Western Ukraine- KPZU, 583, 636; literature about, 804 Communist Youth League. See Komsomol Confraternities. See Brotherhoods Congress Kingdom. See Poland: Congress

Kingdom

Congress of Minority Peoples, 507 Congress of Poles, 721

Congress of Ruthenian Scholars (Sobor

Uchenykh Rus’kykh), 439 Congress of Soviets, 566. See also All­

Ukrainian Congress of Soviets Congress of the Landowners’ Alliance, 519 Conquest, Robert, 596, 604

Conrad, Joseph/Korzeniowski, Jozef Teo­

dor Konrad (1857-1924), 357 Conrad Grebel College, 464 Constantine I (“the Great”), 101 Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, 65, 97 Constantine/Cyril, Saint, 48, 67, 75, 76,

100, 101, 105, 107

Constantinople, 14, 35, 36, 65, 68, 73, 75,

76, 79, 81, 96, 97, 100, 101, 102, 103,

104, 123, 127, 128, 136, 159, 160, 162,

¹⁶3, ^ι65,¹⁶7, ⁱ7^o, 171,¹79,¹⁸3,¹94,

203, 210, 222, 258, 270, 299, 331,453,

462, 744; attacked by the Rus’, 60, 67, 202 Cooperative movement: in Austrian Gali­

cia, 473, 474, 495; in interwar Poland,

632, 635; abolished by Soviets, 663 Copernicus, 157 Copper Age, 26 Cornies, Johann (1789-1848), 366; litera­

ture by, 785 Corsica, 61 Corsicans: in Dnieper Ukraine, 285 Corvee, 151, 152, 153 Cossack Sich beyond the Danube

(Zadunais’ka Sich), 337

Cossack state: defined, 245; structure of, 243-252. See also Hetmanate (Cossack state)

Cossacks, 16-21; in Lithuania, 144; in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 176, 195-208, 224, 225; rise of, 188-189, 191-195; in uprising of 1648, 209-220; and Kmel’nyts’kyi’s foreign affairs, 232-242; and the Agreement of Pereiaslav, 226-230; in Great Northern War, 258-263; in Hetmanate, see Het­manate (Cossack state); in Right Bank, 241-242, 307-323; in early nineteenth century, 334-338, 374, 379, 380, 383, 387; literature about, 19, 305, 379-380, 383, 775, 778-781. See also Black Sea Cossacks; Border Cossack Army; Buh Cossack Army; Danube Cossack Host; Don Cossacks; Free Cossacks; Frontier Cossack Army; laik Cossacks; Kateryno- slav Cossack Army; Kuban Cossack Army; Sich; Town Cossacks; Zaporo- zhian Cossacks

Council of Ambassadors, 561

Council of Lands, 154, 357, 358, 420 Council of Lords (pans’ka rada), 140, 147 Council of Ministers: of Russian Empire, 330; of Soviet Ukraine, 566; of Soviet Union, 566, 567; of Ukrainian National Republic, 537, 541

Council of Officers (rada starshyn), 248, 249, 250, 251

Council of People’s Commissars, 509, 511, 563, 566, 575, 621, 622

Council of Seniors, 671, 672

Council of United Civic Organizations. See Executive Committee

Counter Reformation, 166, 167, 169, 170, ¹7^6, 3^O4

CP(b)U. See Communist party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine

Cracow (city), 121, 233, 236, 258, 451, 456, 561, 664, 672, 673; (city-state), 413, 416, 433, 445; (palatinate), 411, 415; (school district), 631

Crete, 118

Crimea, 5, 6, 7, 9, 545, 616, 621, 622,

668-670, 683, 690, 691, 703, 722, 724, 727, 730, 740, 746, 748; in pre-Kievan p^eriod, 29, 3^O, 32, 34^-37, 43, 47, 4⁸; in Kievan period, 74-77, 96, 99-101, 109, 111, 117-119, 123; in Lithuanian- Polish-Crimean period, see Crimean Khanate; in the Russian Empire, 279, 281, 283, 285, 290-292, 296-297, 320, 323, 325, 330, 332, 334, 335, 358, 365, 367-368, 370, 371, 373, 457-458; in the revolutionary era (1917-1920), 5^O9, 533, 544^-54^6, 5⁸7; ^{cession to} Soviet Ukraine, 702; literature about, 766-767, 775-776, 783, 809, 820. See also Autonomous Republic of Crimea; Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic; Crimean Khanate Crimean Autonomous Republic. See

Autonomous Republic of Crimea Crimean Autonomous Soviet Social­

ist Republic/Crimean A.S.S.R., 617, 621-625, 727

Crimean Cavalry Regiment, 544, 545 Crimean Central Executive Committee,

621

Crimean Communist party, 622 Crimean Democratic Republic, 545 Crimean Goths, 36, 47, 75, 118-119, 371 ;

literature about, 767

Crimean Khanate, 177-187, 196, 213, 2^18, 233, 24¹, 242, 243, 255, 25^6, 257, 277, 279, 283, 287, 29^O, 293, 323, 37^³, 457, 622; and Cossack attacks, 197, 200, 205, 229; trade with Cossack state, 193, 269, 297; incorporated in Russian Empire, 290-292, 325, 335, 367, 368, 457, 544; literature about, 775-776, 781, 820

Crimean Muslim Central Executive Com­mittee, 544, 545

Crimean People’s Republic, 546 Crimean Peninsula. See Crimea Crimean Regional Government, 546 Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic, 546 Crimean State Publishing House, 622 Crimean Tatar language, 7, 182, 368,

371,622-623, 746; literature about, 802 Crimean Tatar National party (Milli Firka),

544, 545, 54^{6, 622}

Crimean Tatars, 9, 181-182, 183, 190,

2⁰⁰, 222, 229, 233, 255, 334, 35^O, 366-368, 544-546, 670; allies of Cos­sacks, 213, 214, 216-220, 232, 255, 257-258, 262; raids into Ukrainian lands, 185-187, 191, 257, 262; in Rus­sian Empire, 332, 334, 350, 366-368, 373; in Dobruja, 457, 545; in Istanbul, 458, 544; in Anatolia 457; in Soviet Rus­sia, 621-624, 625, 722; and World War II, 669-670; deportations of, 690-691, 703; diaspora, 457-458, 544-545; in independent Ukraine, 741, 745-747; lit­erature about, 775-776, 783, 798, 802, 815, 820. See also Nogay Tatars; Tats Crimean War, 332, 340, 367, 458, 783 Croatia, 13, 58, 413; ethnic Ukrainians

in, 11

Croatian language, 7, 413 Croats, 49, 380

Cromwell, Oliver, 219 Crusades, 99, 133, 154 Cucuteni, 27; literature about, 766 Qufut-Kale, 35, 182 Cumans. See Polovtsians

Curzon Line, 534, 562, 685 Cyril (metropolitan, d. 1281), 127, 128 Cyril (missionary). See Constantine/Cyril,

Saint

Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood, 19,

3⁸7, 3⁸9, 39^O, 392, 442; ^literature about, 787

Cyrillic alphabet. See Alphabet: Cyrillic Cyzevskij, Dmytro (1894-1977), 108 Czajkowski, Michal (1808-1886), 357, 390 Czaplinski, Daniel, 211 Czartoryski, Adam (1770-1861), 309, 355 Czartoryski family. See Chartoryis’kyi/Czar- toryski family

Czech language, 7, 169, 372, 413, 470, 65°

Czech Republic, 13, 100, 413; ethnic Ukrainians in, 11

Czechoslovak Legion, 543

Czechoslovak National Council, 544 Czechoslovakia, 13, 559, 632, 642, 644, 655, 657, 660, 688, 690, 698, 699, 701, 710, 716, 734, 748; its liberation movement in Ukraine, 544; Ukrainian diaspora in, 689; Rusyns/Ukrainians in, 4⁶2 5°°, 554, 555, 5⁶¹, ⁶3¹, ⁶45^-649 passim, 722; and Carpatho-Ukraine, 658, 659; cedes Subcarpathian Rus’, 687-688 Czechs, 380, 392, 425, 427, 438; in Aus­trian Galicia, 450; in Dnieper Ukraine, 35°, 37°, 372; in the revolutionary era (¹9¹7^-192°), 534, 53^6, 543^-544; ⁱⁿ Subcarpathian Rus’, 647, 648, 650, 688; in Soviet Ukraine, 611, 688, 689; litera­ture about, 784, 788

Czekanowski, Jan, 41 Czerwien. See Cherven’

Czestochowa, 233

Dacians, 45

Dagci, Cengiz, 458

Dairy Union. See Provincial Dairy Union Dalmatia, 414

Danube Cossack Host, 337

Danube Delta, 10, 66

Danube River, 5, 58, 68, 79, 94, 98, 100, ¹¹4, ¹⁸4, ¹9¹, 285, 337, 4¹3

Danubian Basin, 413, 554

Danylo Romanovych (d. 1264), 87, 115, ¹2¹, ¹24^-127, ¹35, ¹7°, 739 Danzig/Gdansk, 156, 269, 298, 364; (city­state), 366, 660

Danzigers: in Dnieper Ukraine, 285, 364 Dardanelles, 492

Darius I, 33 Dashava, 706 David Ihorevych (d. 1112), 123 Dazhboh, 50, 74

Debrecen, 434

Decembrist revolt, 332 De Gaulle, Charles, 551 Dekulakization, 594

Delaunay, Sonia (Sarah Shtern-Terk, ¹885-¹979), 459

Deliatyn, 420

Demchenko, Mariia (1912-1995), 608 ^Demog^rap^hy, g-11,89, 342, 342, 35^O-35¹> 4¹5^-4^16, 4¹9^-42¹,44^8-45¹,57^6-577, 594-6oo passim, 611-625 passim, 642, 646, 663-664, 675-679, 688-692, 699, 713-714, 744-748; literature about, 769, 782, 795, 798-800, 806-811. See also Emigration; Famine; Urbanization Denikin, Anton (1872-1947), 531, 532, 533, 540 54², 54^6, 55²

Denmark, 61, 258

Denysenko, Mykailo. See Filaret Department ofJewish Proletarian Culture,

618

Department of Ruthenian Language and Literature: in Chernivtsi, 485; in L’viv, 474, 479

Der Nister (Pinkhes Kahanovitsh, 1884­1950), 618

DerShtern (newspaper), 618 Derevlianians, 49, 66, 67, 68, 71 Derman’: monastery, 162, 164 Desht-i-Qipyaq. See Steppe of the Kipyaks Desna River, 108

De-Stalinization, 702

Detente, 709

Devlet Giray. See Haci Devlet Giray Dialects. See Language

Diana (goddess), 191

Diaspora: ethnic Ukrainian, 452-455, 539, 550 59^{6, 6}39, ⁶5^{8, 6}97, 7⁰4, 720 742; others from Ukraine, 457-464, 539, 544, 554, 622, 746. See also Emigration

Didyts’kyi, Bohdan (1827-1909), 474

Diet (Sejm): in Poland and Poland-Lithua­nia, 138, 143, 149, 151, 176, 199, 202-204, 206, 214, 219, 224, 235-237, 308, 309, 312; (Landtag/sejm/soim) in Austrian Bukovina, 446, 447, 484-485, 533, 644; and Austrian Galicia, 416, 446-448, 4⁶5, 47^6, 47^8, 479, 48ⁱ, 483; (Sejm) in interwar Poland, 626-628, 631, 636; (Soim) in interwar Transcar­p^athia, 554, ⁶47, ⁶5^{8, 6}59

Dietines (Sejmiki), 149, 176, 224, 228,

307, 30^8, 4¹⁶

Dilo (newspaper), 471, 635

Dilove, 13

Dionizy (Waledynski), 639

Dir (d. 882), 60, 66, 67, 74, 76, 93

Directory (of Ukrainian National Repub­^lic), 5⁰⁰, 522, 524^-532, 535, 537, 539, 544, 572, 577, 581

Displaced persons (DPs), 453, 689

Dissidents, 710, 711, 712, 714, 721, 734,

746; literature about, 815-816

Distinguished Military Fellows (Znachni viisk.ovi tovaryshi), 265, 266, 291, 292, 293

Distrikt Galizien, 672

Divochka, Onysyfor (d. 1589), 171 Dmitrov Bulgarian Theater, 625

Dnewnyk ruskij (newspaper), 435 Dnieper-Donbas industrial region/trian-

gle, 345, 348, 353, 748. See also Donbas Dnieper Hydroelectric Station, 590, 667 Dnieper River, 3, 5, 18, 23-32 passim,

39-49, 60, 65, 67, 72, 75, 78, 84, 96, 97, 99> ^1O3, ¹9^o, ¹93, 2¹⁰, 277, 230, 23¹, 232, 234, 241, 242, 243-260 passim, 263, 281, 283, 284, 307, 310, 311, 312, 325, 345, 347, 353, 3⁶4, 533; ^bap^tism of Rus’ in, 77; battle for, 682; reservoirs along, 706

Dniester Fire Insurance Association, 473 Dniester River, 5, 26, 27, 30, 33, 45, 98,

117, 123, 262, 515, 611, 667, 669, 685 Dniprodzerzhyns’k reservoir, 706 Dnipropetrovs’k (city), 6, 285, 342, 372,

576, 577, 590, 616, 625, 684, 702, 707, 713, 737, 748; (oblast), 589, 724; litera­ture about, 813. See also Katerynoslav/ Dnipropetrovs’k

“Dnipropetrovs’k Clan/Mafia,” 708, 712

Dobrians’kyi, Adol’f (1817-1901), 441,

445, 48^o, 485

Dobrians’kyi, Antin (1810-1877), 426 Dobrovsky, Josef, 108, 380, 427, 771 Dobruja, 191, 457, 545

Dobzhansky, Theodosius, 461

Dolgorukii family, 83, 351

Don Cossack Lands, 325, 531

Don Cossacks, 193, 218, 337, 531, 600

Don River, 10, 31, 41, 47, 48, 78, 79, 113,

¹¹7, ²5^8, 495, 739

Donbas (Donets’ Basin), 6, 7, 345, 348,

352, 511, 512, 590, 601, 621, 668,

680, 682, 699, 705, 706, 748; literature about, 783, 798, 820

Donets’ Ridge, 6

Donets’ River, 5, 39, 65, 84, 94, 113, 226,

353

Donets’k (city), 372, 624, 713, 737, 748; (oblast), 724, 740; (region), 706, 733; literature about, 820. See also luzivka; Stalino

Donets’-Kryvyi Rih Soviet Republic, 516 Donskoi, Dmitrii, 694

Dontsov, Dmytro (1883-1973), 454, 640;

on Mazepa, 254

Doros/Dory, 36, 47

Doroshenko, Dmytro (1882-1951), 21,

288, 454, 496, 502, 520, 522; on the

Cossacks, 188; on Mazepa, 254 Doroshenko, Petro (1627-1698), 239,

241, 255, 256, 280, 310

Dory. See Doros/Dory

Dovbush, Oleksa (1700-1745), 312 Dovhovych, Vasyl’ (1783-1849), 431 Dovzhenko, Oleksander (1894-1956),

580, 705; literature about, 801 Dovzhenko Studio, 705 DPs. See Displaced persons Drach, Ivan (b. 1936), 703, 712, 719 Dragula, Nikolai, 687

Drahomanov, Mykhailo (1841-1895), 395,

398, 401,402, 452, 480, 721; literature about, 784, 788

Drevnerusskii iazyk. See “Old Russian lan-

guage,” concept of

Drevnerusskii narod. See “Old Russian nationality,” concept of

Dreyfus case, 483

Drohobych, 420

Drozd, Volodymyr (b. 1939), 703 Druzhyna, 90, 91

Druzhyny Ukrains’kykh Natsionalistiv. See

Legions of Ukrainian Nationalists

Dryzhypole, Battle of, 233

Dubno: monastery, 162

Dubnow, Simon, 312, 316

Ducu, Gheorghe, 369

Dudykevych, Volodymyr (1861-1922), 495 Dukhnovych, Aleksander (1803-1865),

441, 485, 648, 650

Dukhnovych Society, 650

Dulibians, 45, 47, 49

Duma, 185, 186, 331, 368, 404, 406, 498,

499

Dumy, 187, 405

Dunajec River, 495

Durnovo, Nikolai, 106

Dutch, 156

Dvina River, 65, 133, 204, 205 Dvoriane/Dvorianstvo (Russian nobility),

22, 292, 334, 354, 3⁶7, 37^8, 379 Dvornik, Francis, 43, 56, 752, 769 Dzhemilev, Mustafa (b. 1943), 746 Dzhugashvili, Iosif. See Stalin, Iosif Dziuba, Ivan (b. 1931), 703, 710, 711,

719; literature about, 815

East Germany, 13, 701, 716

East Prussia, 660, 675, 685

East Slavic tribes, 47, 50, 57, 58, 59, 60,

65, 66, 67, 68, 71, 91, 96, 133

East Slavs, 13, 43, 48, 55, 60, 71, 74, 107, 201, 423, 429; languages, 7, 106-108, 498; Byzantine influence on, 37, 100, 104, 304; and the origin of Rus’, 65;

Muscovy and, 222, 272; Old Ruthenians and Russophiles on, 468, 469; Russian writers on, 14-15, 57; Polonophile writ­ers on, 468; Soviet view of, 23, 24, 696,

698; Ukrainian writers on, 19, 704, 748; literature about, 764, 770

Eastern Europe: defined, 13

Eastern Little Poland, 627

Eastern Roman Empire. See Byzantine

Empire

Ecology, 718, 719; literature about, 817 Economy/Economic development: in pre­

Kievan times, 32, 47, 49-50; in Kievan period, 63-65, 95-99, 117-118, 121; in Polish-Lithuanian-Crimean period, 155-156, 182, 184-185; in Zaporozhia, 193; in Cossack state and Hetmanate, 268-269, 296-298; in Dnieper Ukraine, 344-349; in Ukrainian lands in Austria- Hungary, 418-419, 450-451, 455; in Soviet Ukraine, 585-594, 692-693, 705-708; in interwar Galicia, 628-629; in interwar Bukovina, 644-645; in inter­war Transcarpathia, 648-649; in inde­pendent Ukraine, 736-737; literature about, 769, 774, 778-779, 781-782, 789-790, 799, 812-813, 818. See also Agriculture; Cooperative Movement; Industry; Urbanization

Economic regions: in Soviet Ukraine, 588, 707

Ecumenical Patriarchate. See Patriarchate: of Constantinople

Edmonton, Alberta, 455 Education: in Lithuanian-Polish-Crimean period, 165-166, 169, 182, 201, 205; in Cossack state/Hetmanate, 273, 301­302; in Dnieper Ukraine, 329, 397-398, 406; in Austria-Hungary, 424-425, 445, 474-475, 484-485, 487; in Hetmanate (1918), 521; in Soviet Ukraine, 578­580, 611-625 passim, 695, 718-719, 721; in interwar Galicia, 631, 637-639; in interwar Bukovina, 644-645; in interwar Subcarpathian Rus’, 649-650; in independent Ukraine, 739-740; literature about, 776, 780, 792. See also University

Eger, 430

Egypt, 28, 118, 732

Eichhorn, Hermann von (1848-1918), 520

Eichmann, Adolf, 539 Einsatzgruppen, 676 Ekaterinodar, 337 Elbe River, 41

Elizabeth laroslavna, 81

Elizabeth Petrovna (1709-1762), 288, 303 Ellans’kyi, Vasyl’. See Blatkytnyi, Vasyl’ Elysian fields, 190

Emigration: from Dnieper Ukraine, 344, 3⁶3, 3⁶5, 45^8, 4⁶¹, 54¹, 543, ⁶2^O, ⁶4⁶; from Crimea, 367, 457, 544, 546, 622, 670, 690-691; from Austrian Galicia and Bukovina, 451,452, 458, 480, 495, 646; from Transcarpathia, 430-431,

462, 480; from interwar Poland, 629, 655; from Soviet Ukraine/Union, 458,

463, 667, 675, 688, 690, 698, 699, 745; from independent Ukraine, 736, 745; return to Ukraine, 577-578, 636, 671, 688-690, 741-743; return to Crimea, 458, 544, 545, 721-722, 746. See also Diaspora

Ems Ukase, 396-397, 400, 401, 405, 479, 480

Encyclopedia Judaica, 216, 539

Encyclopedia of Ukraine, 455 Endeks/Endecja. See Polish National

Democratic party

Enerhodar, 706

Engel, Johann Christian von (1770-1814), ^18, 385, 42⁶

Engel’gardt, Vasilii, 385

Engels, Friedrich, 402, 403, 570

^Eng^land, 84, ¹5^6, 2¹9, 231, 254, 25^8, 344, 37², 45¹, 4⁶3

English, 113, 231; in Dnieper Ukraine, 348

Enlightenment, 289, 384, 426 Entente. See Triple Entente Epshtein, lakiv (lakiv lakovliev, 1896­¹939⁾, 5²7

Erkel, Ferenc, 400

Ermanaric (d. 375), 35

Ernst, Fedir (1891-1949), 603

Eski Kermen, 36

Eski Kirim, 179, 182, 183. See also Solkhat/

Staryi Krym

Estates. See Social strata/estates

Esterhazy, Janos (1901-1957), 647

Estonia, 11, 13, 63, 223, 258, 277, 685,

730; Ukrainians in, 11

Estonian S.S.R., 661

Etelkoz, 62

“Eternal peace” of 1686, 231, 242, 247,

253, 25^6, 3¹¹

Ethnography and folklore, 379, 395, 427;

Jewish, 364

Ettinger, Shmuel, 215

European Neighborhood Policy, 731

European Union, 464, 725, 727, 730, 731, 733, 736, 737, 745, 748

Evangelical Lutherans. See Lutheranism/ Lutherans

Evlogii (Vasilii Georgievskii, 1868-1946), 461, 462

Evtushenko, Evgenii, 703

Executive Committee of the Council of United Civic Organizations (IKSOOO), 501

Expeditionary groups (pokhidni hrupy), 671, 672, 678

Famine: of 1921, 575, 587, 622, (literature about) 799; of 1933, see Great Famine of ¹933; ^{of 1}94^{6, 6}93

Fareynikte. See United Jewish Socialist

Workers’ party

Fascism, 606, 665

Fatherland Society/Vatan, 458, 544

February Revolution (1917), 499, 501,

540

Fed’kovych, Osyp-Iurii (1834-1888), 484; literature about, 787

^{Fedor 1 (1}557^-159⁸⁾, 223

Fedorov/Fedorovych, Ivan (ca.1525-

1583), 164, 166

Fedorovych, Taras (Triasylo), 196

Fefer, Itsik (1900-1952), 618

Feldman, Wilhelm (1868-1919), 465 Felitsiial (Samson’s Fountain), 303 Felvidek, 647

Feminism. See Women

Fennell, John H., 114

Fentsyk, levhen (1844-1903), 486

Fentsyk, Stepan (1892-1945), 658

Feodosiia, 117, 178, 181, 182, 622. See also

Caffa; Kefe; Theodosia

Ferahkerman, 185. See also Or Kapi

Ferdinand I Habsburg (1793-1875), 433,

434

Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 374

Fiddler on the Roof (musical), 360

Filaret (Mykhailo Denysenko, b.1929), 743

Filevich, Ivan, 57

Filip, Jan, 41

Filofei, 14, 272

Fil’varoh, 152. See also Manorial estate

Final Solution, 675, 676

Finland, 13, 49, 59, 63, 65, 66, 70, 258,

259, 277, 289, 33¹, 5^o8, 5¹2, ⁶⁸5

Finnic peoples, 63, 65; tribes, 56, 58-60, 66, 69, 80, 96

Finns, 57, 61

Firkovich, Abraham/Avraam (1787­

¹⁸75⁾, ¹⁸3, ⁱ⁸4

First Novgorod Chronicle, 59, 60

First Ukrainian Corps, 519

First Ukrainian Partisan Division, 682

Fishbein, Moisei (b. 1946), 460

Fisher, Alan, 184

Fitilev, Nikolai. See Khvyl’ovyi, Mykola Fitingof-Shel’, Boris. See Scheel, Boris

Five Year Plan: First, 589-593; Second,

590-591; Third, 590; Fourth, 692-693;

Fifth, 693, 705; Eleventh, 705

Flanders, 156, 304, 749

Flondor, lancu (1865-1924), 553

Florence, Union of, 160, 170, 332; litera­ture about, 777

Florinskii, Timofei (1854-1919), 353, 406

Florinsky, Michael T (1894-1981), 16, 56, 254, 461

Florovsky, Georges (1893-1979), 461 Foaia (journal), 466

Folklore. See Ethnography and folklore Folks party (Folkspartey), 538

Fomin, Aleksander (1869-1935), 353 Forever Flowing (novel), 596

France, 11, 58-59, 61, 63, 81,89, 137­138, 156, 168, 254, 255, 288, 312, 331, 34^O, 344, 3⁶4, 37², 373, 375, 377, 4^28, 44^6, 45¹, 4⁶2, 480 5⁶¹, ⁶⁰¹, ⁶55, ⁶93, 726, 737; and World War I, 491-493, 497, 512, 559; and Civil War in Russia, 531, 532, 551, 643; emigration from Ukraine to, 629; and World War II, 656, 657, 660, 661, 685, 688

Franco, Francisco, 640, 656

Franco-Prussian war, 492

Frank, Hans (1900-1946), 673

Frank, Jacub (Jacub Leib, ca. 1726-1791), 361

Frankfurt am Main, 6, 433, 438, 439 Frankists, 361

Franko, Ivan (1856-1916), 188, 472, 476, 477, 480, 663, 739; literature about, 788

Franks, 11, 38

Franz I Habsburg (1768-1835), 425, 433 Franz Ferdinand Habsburg (1863-1914), 482, 483, 49¹, 492

Franz Joseph I Habsburg (1830-1916), 4¹5, 434, 44¹, 445, 4⁸¹,4⁸², 497

Franzos, Karl-Emil (1848-1904), 465 Fraunfeld, Alfred, 670

Frederick II Hohenzollern (1712-1786), 317

Fredro, Aleksander (1793-1876), 456

Free Academy of Proletarian Literature

(VAPLITE), 581

Free Cossacks, 512

Freidorf, 617

^French, ^i8, 231 255, 374, 375, 377, 455, 459, 655, 657, 661; and the origin of Rus’ 58-59; in Zaporozhia, 194; influence in Hetmanate, 288, 301; in Dnieper Ukraine, 348, 373; in the Cri­mea, 332, 458; in the revolutionary era ⁽¹9¹7^-192^o), 522, 53^1-532, 55¹

French language, 288, 373, 374, 381,421, 459, (in Ukraine) 301, 351, 381

French Revolution, 374, 376, 384 Friedlander, Israel, 155 Friedman, Saul F., 538 Frisians, 377

Frontier Cossack Army, 337 Frycz-Modrzewski, Andrzej (1503-1572),

157

Gagatko, Andrei (1884-1944), 651 Gagauz: in Ukraine, 9, 689 Gagauz language, 7 Gaj, Ljudevit, 380

Galagan, Hryhorii (1819-1888), 391 Galiatovs’kyi, Ioanikii (ca.1620-1688),

271

Galicia (region), 6, 7, 9, 17, 18, 24, 27, 49, 58, 615; (principality, later kingdom), see Galicia-Volhynia; (palatinate) in Lithuanian-Polish-Crimean period, 17, ¹33, ¹3^{6, 1}39, ¹4^o, ¹4¹, ¹43, ¹5¹, ¹53, 154-157, 159-166 passim, 170, 183, 185, 188, 190-192, 201, 210; at time of Cossack state, 218, 230, 233-236, 259, 271; in the eighteenth century, 277, 300, 302, 303, 306-311 passim, 318; (Austrian province), 318, 320, 359, 395, 39^6, 399, 4^O1, 4^O3, 4^O5, 4^O7, 4^11-429 passim, 433-466 passim, 467-488 pas­sim, 578, 615; during World War I, 493-497; in revolutionary era, 501, 5¹², 5¹5^-5^16, 5^26, 53^2-535, 547^-555; (Greek Catholic metropolinate), 424; (Orthodox eparchy and metropolitan­ate), 128, 159-160, see also Halych-L’viv, Orthodox eparchy/metropolitanate of. See also Galicia, eastern; Galicia, west­ern; Galicia-Volhynia; Rus’ (Galician) palatinate

Galicia Division, 673, 683; literature about, 808

Galicia, eastern: in Habsburg Monarchy, see Galicia (Austrian province); in revolutionary era, see Galicia: in revolu­tionary era; in interwar Poland, 21, 559,

561-562, 577, 626-640, 644, 650, 651, 658, 661; during World War II, 661-683 passim; in Soviet Ukraine, 685, 688, 696, 697, 699, 720; in independent Ukraine, 735, 739, 74i; other peoples in, 419-422, 455-456, 464-466; literature about, 789-793, 795, 803-804, 821. See also Galicia; Galicia-Volhynia, Generalgo- vernement; Rus’ (Galician) palatinate Galicia, western, 415, 418, 455 Galicia-Volhynia (principality, later king­^dom), 7^1-73, 7^6, 82,85,87, 9¹, 95, 9^6, 99, 108, 110, 112, 115, 117, 119-130, ¹35, ¹3^{6, 1}37, ¹4^o, 3^18, 4¹9, 4⁶9;

literature about, 769 Galician Resolution, 446, 448 Galician-Rus’ Matytsia, 440, 472, 474 Galician-Russian Benevolent Society, 480,

495

Galician Socialist Soviet Republic, 534 Galician-Volhynian Chronicle, 125, 127, 752 Galitsiyaner, 464 Gardariki, 89

Gartner, Fedir (1843-1925), 471 Gaspirali/Gasprinskii, Ismail Bey (1851­

1914), 368; literature about, 783 Gaul, 58 Gdansk, 156, 269, 298, 660; see also Dan-

zig/Gdansk Gedeonov, Stepan, 57 Gediminas (d. 1341), 135, 136, 144, 159 Gediminid dynasty, 136, 144 Gelonos, 30, 34 General Secretariat (of the Central Rada),

5^O2, 5^O7, 5¹⁰, 53^6, 537, 54^O

General Secretariat for Nationality Affairs,

536

General Ukrainian Council, 496 General Ukrainian Non-Party Democratic

Organization, 402, 404 Generalgouvernement Polen, 661, 669 Geneva, 401, 561, 766, 776, 789 Genoa, 99, 117, 155, 561 Genocide, 799, 800, 809, 811 Genoese: in the Crimea, 117-119, 177, ⁱ79, ¹⁸¹

Gente Ruthenus, natione Polonus, concept of, ¹57, 4⁶⁸

Gentry, 138, 140, 141, 145, 147, 326, 327, 328. See also Nobility

Gentry assembly (dvorianskoie sobranie), 325, 328

Geographic Society, Imperial Russian. See Imperial Russian Geographic Society

Georgia, 562, 569, 731 Georgians, 717; in Ukraine, 9; in UPA, 681 Georgievskii, Vasilii. See Evlogii

German Army, 660, 661; in Ukraine, (in World War I) 517, 518, 522, 526, 530, 541, 545, (in World War II) 667-684 passim

German Empire, 446

German language, 7, 9, 59, 154, 169, 301, 364, 374, 381, 413; in Dnieper Ukraine, 301, 351, 365, 366; official in Habsburg Empire, 414, 417, 420, 425; in Austrian Bukovina, 429, 459; in Austrian Galicia, 424, 425, 426, 437, 438, 445, 459, 465, 487; in Subcarpathian Rus’, 429; in Soviet Ukraine, 620

German Pedagogical Institute, 620

German Sixth Army, 682 Germanophiles, 465 ^Germans, 45, 92, ¹4^{6, 1}54, 377, 43^8, 439, 656, 688; military in World War I, 495, 5¹5^-52⁰, 522^-523, 527^-529, 531 54¹, 545-546; military in World War II, 660­664, 666-685 passim, 696; in Dnieper Ukraine, 285, 286, 296, 350, 355, 364-366, 373, 398; in Crimea, 667, 690; in Galicia, 125, 129, 163, 416, 421, 450, 550; in Austrian Bukovina, 483, 484, 485, 644; in the revolution­ary era (1917-1920), 507, 508, 536, 541-543; in middle Volga region, 600, 691; in Soviet Ukraine, 611, 620-621, 667, 675, 677, 689; in independent Ukraine, 9, 744; diaspora from Ukraine, 457, 464; literature about, 783, 797, 802. See also Austro-Germans; Black Sea Germans; Mennonites; Sudeten Ger­mans; Volhynia (region): Germans in

Germany, 3, 13, 16, 24, 61, 81, 89, 102, 167, ⁱ⁸4, 255, 2^88, 344, 372, 395, 420 42^6, 4⁶3, 54^O, 54¹, ⁶⁸9, ⁶9^O, ⁶97, 72^6, 727, 737; and World War I, 491,492, 493, 497, 5^OO-523 passim, 543, 555, 559, 561; treaty with Soviet Ukraine, 568; interwar, 601, 605, 620, 640, 643, 648, 655-661 passim; during World War II, 660-683 passim, 684, 685. See also East Germany; Greater Germany; Third Reich; West Germany

Gerovskii, Aleksei (1883-1972), 485, 495, 651

Gerovskii, Georgii (1886-1959), 485, 495, 651

Gestapo, 676

Ginsberg, Asher Hirsh. See Ahad Ha-Am Giray dynasty, 179, 180, 181, 291; in exile, 457-458

Gizel’, Inokentii (ca. 1600-1683), 271, 272

Glagolitic alphabet. See Alphabet: Glagolitic

Glasnost719

Gleb. See Hlib/Gleb Volodymyrovych, Saint

Gliere, Reinhold (1875-1956), 354 Glos Radziecki (newspaper), 619 Gminy, 583

Gnezdovo, 65

Godunov, Boris, 223 Gogol’, Nikolai (1809-1852), 200, 354, 378, 381, 385, 755; literature about, 786, 787

Golden Horde, 114-119, 125, 126, 129, ¹3^o, ¹33, ¹35, ¹3^{6, 1}59, ¹77^-181 P^as­sim, 184, 187, 221, 222, 367; literature about, 772, 773, 776

Goldfadn, Avrom (1840-1908), 465 Golitsyn, Vasilii (1643-1714), 256, 257 Golitsyn family, 351

Golubev, Stepan, 353 Golubovskii, Petr, 57 Goluchowski, Agenor (1812-1875),

445-448 passim, 470, 480

Gonta, Ivan (d. 1768), 314-317

Good Soldier Svejk, The (novel), 543

Gorbachev, Mikhail (b. 1931), 454, 463, 596, 715-724 passsim; literature about, 816-817

Gordon, Linda, 195

Gorizia-Gradisca, 414

Gorlice, Battle of, 495

Gorodecki, Leszek Dezider/Horodets’kyi, Vladyslav (1863-1930), 357

Gorodishche/Holmgard, 65. See also Novgorod

Gosplan. See State Planning Commission Gosti, 92

Goszczynski, Seweryn (1803-1876), 315, 357, 390

Gotenberg, 670

Gotenland, 669

Gothengau, 674

Gothia, 36, 118; (archeparchy/eparchy/ metropolitanate), 36, 75, 76, 118

^Goths, 29, 35, 3^6, 43, 75, ^118, i8i> 669-670, 674. See also Crimean Goths; Ostrogoths

Governing Council of the Hetman’s Office, 288

Governor-general: of Kiev, 326, 328, 330; of Little Russia, 326, 330; of New Russia and Bessarabia, 326, 328, 330

Gozleve, 182, 183, 185. See also levpatoriia Grabowski, Michal (1805-1863), 390

Grabski, Stanislaw (1871-1949), 495

Grabski, Wladyslaw (1874-1938), 637 Graz, 495

Grazhdanka script. See Alphabet: Grazh­danka

Great Britain, 3, 61, 377, 491, 492, 493, 559, 568, 641, 643, 657, 660, 661, 682, 685, 688, 694

Great Famine of 1933, 595-600, 640, 667, 721, 734; in Crimea, 623; and Germans, 620; and Greeks, 624; and Jews, 618; literature about, 799-801, 819

Great Moravian Empire, 76, 100

Great Northern War, 253, 258, 259, 273, 277, 286, 307

Great Purge, 604

Great Rus’, 20, 73, 159, 227 “Great Russia” (term), 15, 16, 396 “Great Russian” language, 378, 405, 471 Great Russians (velikorossy), 15, 16, 20, 22,

392, 394, 427, 4⁶9, 5⁶9, ^6o3, ^6o9· ^See also Russians

Greater Germany, 664, 673, 675

Greece, 13, 25, 30, 32, 33, 101, 202, 305, 376, 492, 531

Greek Catholic Church/Greek Catholi­cism, 172, 173, 175, 699; in Austrian ^Galicia, 73, 423-429, 435, 437, 447, 449, 475-476, 480, 495; in Hungarian Transcarpathia, 430, 441, 486, 487; in interwar Poland, 637-639; in interwar Czechoslovakia, 647, 650-651; during World War II, 663, 665, 674, 676-678;

in Soviet Ukraine, 697-699, 712, 720; in independent Ukraine, 741-742, 744; in the diaspora, 453, 462, 480, 720, 741; literature about, 765, 791-792, 804, 806, 813-814, 816· See also Brest, Union of; Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church; Uniate Church; Uzhhorod, Union of Greek Catholic Theological Academy, 638 Greek Catholic Union, 462 Greek Hellenes· See Hellene Greeks Greek language, 7, 9, 73, 81, 100-102, 105, 108, 165, 166, 301,371,372, 624-625 Greek Tatars (urumi). See Tatar Greeks Greeks, 377; in Crimea and Black-Azov

Sea coastal region, 25, 30-34, 117, 181, 182, 269, 339, 371, 623; in Kievan Rus’ period, 92, 102; in Poland-Lithuania, 163-165; in Cossack state/Hetmanate, 267, 295, 296; in Zaporozhia/New Rus­sia, 283-285; in Dnieper Ukraine, 339, 345, 35^O, 37^O, 37^1-372, 53⁶; ^{in Soviet} Ukraine and Crimean A.S.S.R·, 611, 621, 624, 625, 689, 690; in independent Ukraine, 9; literature about, 766-767, 776, 784· See also Byzantine Greeks; Hel­lene Greeks; Tatar Greeks Green World Association, 719 Gregory XIII, Pope, 170 Grekov, Boris D·, 43, 57, 96

Grendzha-Dons’kyi, Vasyl’ (1897-1974), 650, 65¹

Grigorenko, Petr. See Hryhorenko, Petro

Grodno (imperial province), 325, 355,

516

Groener, Wilhelm (1867-1939), 518 Gromada Human. See Uman’ Society Grossman, Vasilii (1905-1964), 596 GUAM, 731

Guard Battalion, 672

Gubernskoeprisutstvie, 325, 326

Gudai, 140

Gudzii, Nikolai K., 108

Gulag, 620

Gyorgy II Räkoczi, 233

Gypsies, 9, 675, 679, 689; in Transcar­pathia, 650. See also Roma/Gypsies

Habsburg Dual Monarchy. See Austria-

Hungary

Habsburg Empire, 196, 411,414, 415, 4¹⁶, 42⁰, 422, 423, 428, 434, 437, 439, 443, 448, 466, 483, 486, 488, 492, 496, 497, 547, 548, 553, 630, 635, 643, 655

Habsburg-Lothringen, Wilhelm (Vasyl’

^Vy^shy^vanyⁱ, ¹⁸95^-1949), 553

Habsburgs, 219, 318, 411, 413, 415, 434, 44¹, 443, 444, 47^O, 4⁸², 49², 497, ⁶44

Haci Devlet Giray (d. 1466), 179, 180, 182

Hadiach, 235, 236, 251, 296; Union of, 235, 236-238, 239, 246, (literature about) 780

Hagia Sophia, 104

Haidamak Kish, 512

Haidamak movement, 17, 312-317, 318, 385, 530; Jews and, 312, 358, 360; litera­ture about, 312, 314-316, 781

Haidamaky (book), 312, 314, 315, 385 Hajdudorog, Greek Catholic eparchy of,

699

Halan, Iaroslav (1902-1949), 697

Halberstam (Hasidic) dynasty, 421

Halecki, Oscar, 17

Haller, Jozef (1873-1960), 551

Halych (town), 58, 89, 96, 111, 113, 114, 121, 124, 125, 128, 183, 189, 419

Halych and L’viv, Roman Catholic arch­diocese of, 161

Halych and Rus’, Greek Catholic Archeparchy/Metropolitanate of, 424, 430, ⁶ç^{8, 6}77

Halych-L’viv, Orthodox eparchy/ metropolinate of, 73, 159, 160, 164, 203, 236, 311, 521

Halycho-ruskii vistnyk (journal), 439

Hammer, Armand (1878-1990), 459

Hammerdorfer, Karl, 18

Hannover, Nathan (d. 1683), 215, 216

Hantsov, Vsevolod (1892-1979), 602

Harold the Stern, 81

Hart. See Association of Proletarian Writers

Harvard University, 455, 461

Hasek, Jaroslav, 543

Hasidism, 316, 360, 361,420, 421

Haskalah, 420, 421

Havel, Vaclav, 734

Hebrew language, 183, 215, 259, 364­

366, 578, 616, 617, 676, 721

Hebrews, 191

“Helena of the steppes,” 213

Helga. See Ol’ha/Helga/Helena

Helgi. See Oleh/Helgi

Hellene Greeks (rumei), 371, 624

Hellenism, 104

Hellenization, 613, 624

Helmreich, William B., 215

Helon, 30, 34

Helsinki group, 710

Henry I Capet, 81

Herder, Johann Gottfried, 376, 384

Hermaize, Osyp (1892-1958), 602, 618 Hermanossa, 48

Herodotus, 32, 33, 39

Herrenvolker, 675

Hertsyk family, 267, 296

Hetman, office of: (in Cossack state), 248-251, 264; (in Ukrainian State, ¹9¹⁸⁾, 5¹9^-52^O

Hetmanate (Cossack state), 245, 247, 251-252, 256-258, 260, 262, 266-269, 274; within Russian Empire, 277-306

passim, 311, 313, 323, 339, 340, 344, 347, 398; abolition of, 289-290, 307, 323, 334-338 passim, 374, 378; Russians in, 351; literature about, 778-781, 786 Hetmanate: “Second” (Ukrainian State, ¹9¹⁸⁾, ¹9^o, 5⁰⁰, 5^18-523, 524, 525, 527, 529^-53^o, 535, 578; ^and J^ews, 537, 539; and Poles, 541; and Russians, 540; and Crimea, 544, 545; literature about, 794

Hibbat Zion, 363

Highlands (Felvidek), 647 Himmler, Heinrich, 677 Historiography/Historical writings, 12-24,

^io5, ^io8, 27^1-272, 3^o5^-3^o6, 379^-38^o, 3⁸3^-3⁸4, 42^6-427, 7^O4, 7¹7, 72¹, 73⁸; on original homeland of Slavs, 41-42; on origins of Rus’, 56-58; on economy of Kievan Rus’, 89, 96; on language in Kievan Rus’, 106; on alleged depopu­lation of Kievan Rus’, 119; on the Cherven’ cities, 121; on the origins of brotherhoods, 164; on the Cossacks, 188; on Khmel’nyts’kyi, 209-210; on Mazepa, 253-255; on the haidamaks, 312; on ethnogenesis of Crimean Tatars, 623; on Great Famine (1933), 596; on annexation of Transcarpathia, 687; on Ukraine’s relationship with Russia, 695-696, 703; literature about, 763, 780, 786-787, 791, 814-815, 818­819

Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945), 359, 539, 640, 656-661 passim, 666, 669, 672-675 pas­sim, 684, 698; literature about, 806-807 Hlib/Gleb Volodymyrovych, Saint (ca.

9⁸4^-1O15⁾, 7^{8, 1O}5

Hlibov, Leonid (1827-1893), 391 Hlibovyts’kyi, Ivan (1836-1890), 484, 485 Hlukhiv, 251, 260, 262, 273, 286, 288,

302, 347

Hoch, Ludwig. See Maxwell, Robert Hoffman, Gottfried, 303 Hohenzollern dynasty, 642, 656 Holland, 255, 258

Holmgard. See Gorodishche

Holocaust, 459, 460, 596, 598, 674, 676, 678, 689, 734; and Karaites, 184; litera­ture about, 808-810

Holodomor. See Great Famine of 1933

Holoskevych, Hryhorii (1884-1934), 602

Holovats’kyi, lakiv (1814-1888), 428, 429, 440, 472, 479

Holovna Rus’ka Rada. See Supreme Ruthe­nian Council

Holovna Ukrains’ka Rada. See Supreme Ukrainian Council

Holubovych, Sydir (1873-1938), 550

Holy Alliance, 242, 256, 331,428

Holy Roman Empire, 89, 137, 199

Holy Synod, 300, 301, 393, 394, 398, 399; abolition of, 521

Home Army/Armija Krajowa, 681

Homel (oblast), 10

Homin, 712

Homman, J. Baptiste, 189

Honchar, Oles’ (1918-1995), 704

Honveds, 434, 494

Horak, Jiri, 41

Horbachevs’kyi, Ivan (1854-1942), 497 Hordiienko, Kost’ (d. 1733), 260, 281,283 Horlenko family, 266

Horodets’kyi, Vladyslav. See Gorodecki, Leszek Dezider

Horodlo, agreement at, 148

Horodok. See Volyn’/Horodok

Horodok 49; brotherhood, 166

Horody, 43, 49

Horowitz, Vladimir (1904-1989), 459

Horyn’, Mykhailo (b. 1930), 719

Horyn’ River, 49

Hotzendorf, Conrad von, 494

Hoverla, 5

Hrabar, Konstantyn (1877-1933), 647, 651

Hrabianka, Hryhorii (1686-1737), 305, 380

Hrebinka, Ievhen (1812-1848), 381

Hrinchenko, Borys (1863-1910), 401, 404, 405, 471

Hrinchenko, Mykola (1888-1942), 580 Hrodna, 149

Hroerkr. See Riuryk/Hroerkr

Hromada (journal), 401

Hromada (cultural society), 391, 394,

397, 4^O2, 633

Hromada (village assembly), 402 Hromads’ka dumka (newspaper), 404, 405 Hromads’kyi, Oleksii (1882-1943), 674 Hrushevs’kyi, Mykhailo S. (1866-1934),

2^1-24,4⁰⁰, 4^O5, 4^06, 454, 474, 475, 481, 721, 739; exiled to Russia, 495, 602; president of Central Rada, 501, 502, 517, 525; goes to Soviet Ukraine, 578; on Antae, 43; on origin of Rus’ 57;

on Cossacks, 188, 211; on Agreement of Pereiaslav, 230; on Mazepa, 254; writings by, 21-22, 470, 738, 763-764, 769, 773; literature about, 763-764, 794

Hrushevs’kyi, Oleksander (1877-1943),

603

Hryhorenko, Petro (Petr Grigorenko, 1907-1987), 710

Hryhoriiv, Matvii/Nykyfor (1888-1918),

527, 529, 530, 537 Hryhorovych-Bars’kyi, Ivan (1713-1785),

303

Hryn’ko, Hryhorii (1890-1938), 568, 574,

605

Hughes, John (1814-1889), 372 Hugo, Victor: on Mazepa, 254 Hulak, Mykola (1822-1899), 387 Hulak-Artemovs’kyi, Petro (1790-1865),

381

Hulak-Artemovs’kyi, Semen (1813-1873), 337, 400

Human. See Uman’/Human

Hunczak, Taras (b. 1932), 539 Hungarian Kingdom, 413, 414, 446, 485,

486, 553; Ausgleich and, 446. See also Hungary

Hungarian language, 7, 413, 485-487, 647, 650, 747

Hungarian Plain, 5

Hungarian revolution (1849), 331,434,

440, 44¹

Hungarians, 123, 124, 126, 331, 434,

441, 443, 44^6, 553, ⁶4^{8, 6}57^-65^{8, 68}7, 692, 745, 747; in independent Ukraine, 9, 745; literature about, 821. See also Magyars

Hungary, 13, 35, 58, 66, 81, 99, 100, 120, 121, 123, 137, 138, 140, 277, 283, 284, 3^O3, 3¹¹, 3^18, 4^O3, 4¹3^-4^18, 49^1-49⁶ passim, 500-516 passim, 518, 520, 540, 543, 547, 54^8, 559, 5⁶¹, ⁶2^O, ⁶47^-655, ⁶5^{6, 6}57, ⁶99, 7^O1, 7^16, 729, 74⁸; Mongols in, 113; relations with Galicia and Volhynia, 124-127, 129, 411; and Subcarpathian Rus’/Transcarpathia, 4¹¹, 4²9^-43¹, 44^1-44², 445, 553^-554, 647, 648, 687, 692; in 1848 revolution, 331, 434, 44i; during World War I, 494; and Carpatho-Ukraine, 658, 659, 660, 671; ethnic Ukrainians in, 11. See also Hungarian Kingdom

Hunger. See Famine

Hunia, Dmytro (Dumitru Hunu), 206, 369

^Huns, 25, 29, 35, 3^6, 43, 45, 75, ¹⁸¹ Hunu, Dumitru. See Hunia, Dmytro Hurevych, Illia. See Pervomais’kyi, Leonid Hurmuzaki, Eudoxiu (1812-1874), 466 Hurok, Sol (1888-1974), 459 Hurrem. See Roksolana/Hurrem Hus, Jan, 168, 169, 392

Hustynia: monastery, 162 Hutsalo, levhen (1937-1995), 703 Hutsul Republic, 554

Hutsuls, 638, 748

Huyn, Karl Georg von, 548

Iaik Cossacks, 284 lakhnenko family, 348 lakhymovych, Hryhorii (1792-1863), 435 lakovliv, Andrii (1872-1955), 230 Iannopulo family, 372 lanovs’kyi, Teodosii, 301

Ianson, Iurii, 343

lanukovych, Viktor (b. 1950), 727, 732,

733, 735, 74^8, 749 laropolk I Sviatoslavych (ca. 958-980), 71 laropolk II Volodymyrovych (1082-1139),

85

laroslav (“OsmomysF,” d. 1187), 123 laroslav I (“the Wise,” 978-1054), 70,

72, 78-83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 103-107 passim, 120, 125, 127, 201, 222, 739; assigns patrimonies, 82-83, 123; com­missions Rus' Law, 95

Iaroslavl’, 113 Iaroslavna, 109

Iarylo, 50

Ia^i/Jassy, 27, 200, 210; (Romanian Ortho­dox metropolitanate), 369

Iasyns’kyi, Varlaam (ca. 1627-1707), 272,

301

Iatvigians. See Jatvingians

Iavorenko, Oleksander. See Badan-

Iavorenko, Oleksander

Iavorivs’kyi, Volodymyr (b.1942), 719 Iavors’kyi, Iuliian (1878-1937), 472, 495 Iavors’kyi, Matvii (1885-1937), 22, 601 Iavors’kyi, Stefan (1658-1722), 273, 301,

304

lazychie, 471,472

Ibrahimov, Veli (1888-1928), 546, 622,

623, 624

Iefremov, Serhii (1876-1939), 404, 406,

502, 602 Ielysavethrad/Kirovohrad/Zinov’ivs’k,

284, 3⁶¹, 372 Ievpatoriia, 182, 183, 184. See also Gozleve levsektsiia. SeeJewish Section Ignatieff, George (1913-1989), 461 Ihor Iaroslavych (1036-1060), 82, 123 Ihor Sviatoslavych (1151-1202), 87, 108,

^1O9, ¹27, ¹5⁸

Ihor/Ingvar (ca. 877-945), 66, 67, 68, 89;

attacks Constantinople, 67 Ihorevych dynasty, 123 Ikonnikov, Vladimir (1841-1923), 353 IKSOOO. See Executive Committee of the

Council of United Civic Organizations

Ilarion (d. 1054), 81

Ilarion (Ivan Ohiienko, 1882-1972), 664 Ilinski family, 310

Illienko, Iurii (b. 1936), 255

Illyria, 58, 202 Ilmen’, Lake, 65 Ilovaiskii, Dmitrii, 57 Imperial Academy of Sciences. See Acad­emy of Sciences: Austrian, Polish, Rus­sian, Ukrainian

Imperial Archeographic Commission. See Archeographic Commission

Imperial Heraldry Office, 379

Imperial Russian Geographic Society, Southwestern (Kiev) Branch of, 395

Imperial Society for the Study of Russian History and Antiquities, 383

Independence, declaration of: 724; (Kiev,

1918), 512; (L’viv, 1918), 548; (Kiev,

1919), 526; (Khust, 1939), 659; (L’viv, 1941), 671; (Kiev, 1991), 723-724

Independence Square (Maidan), 733, 734, 735

“Independentists,” (Bolshevik) 526, 527; (Ukrainian Social-Democratic Labor party), 568

Indigeni^tion, 569, 573, 574, 583, ^6o7, 617, 622

Industrialization. See Economy/Economic development; Industry

Industry: in Crimea, 117; in Cossack state/ Hetmanate, 269, 296-297; in Dnieper ^Ukraine, 339, 345^-349, 353, 35^8, 372; in Austrian Galicia, 418-420, 448, 451, 455, 456, 464; in interwar Galicia, 628; in interwar Bukovina, 644-645; in interwar Transcarpathia, 648; in Soviet Ukraine, 576, 585-592, 602, 608, 661, ⁶92^-693, ⁶99, 7^O5^-7^O7, 7¹7, 73^6-737; in independent Ukraine, 740; literature about, see Economy/Economic develop­ment

Ingigard/Iryna/Anna (d. 1051), 81 Ingvar. See Ihor/Ingvar

Initiative Group for the Reunification of the Greek (Eastern-rite) Catholic Church, 698

Inkerman, 36, 37, 119, 179, 180, 332 Inochentie, Ieromonah (d. 1917), 370

Institute of Cybernetics, 705

Institute of Jewish Proletarian Culture, 619

Institute of Marxism-Leninism, Ukrainian, 601, 603

Institute of People’s Education, Yiddish, 617

Institute of Polish Proletarian Culture, 619

Integral nationalism, 640. See also Nation­alism

Intermediia, 304

“Internationalists” (Bolshevik), 527, 603

Ioann I (d. 1035), 103, 127

Iran, 29, 33

Iraq, 732

Ireland, 13, 61, 231

Irish, 255, 375, 377

Iskorosten’, 49

Iskra, Ivan (d. 1708), 260

Islam, 48, 74, 99, 119, 181, 182, 185, 623, 741, 746

Islam III Giray (1604-1654), 213

Israel, 102, 363, 421, 678, 732; Jews from

Ukraine in, 460, 690, 745

Istanbul, 200, 220, 262, 290, 458, 544

Istoriia Rusov, 19, 21, 383, 384

Istria, 414

Italian language, 178, 182, 373, 413

Italians, 377; in Crimea, 117-119, see also Genoese; Venetians; in Dnieper

Ukraine, 285, 345, 373; literature about, 776-784

^Italy, 3, 11, 61, ⁶3, ¹3^{8, 1}54, 23 ^³, 255, 2^88, 4¹3, ⁶4⁰, ⁶43, ⁶5^{6, 6}57, ⁶93, 73⁶; and World War I, 491,492, 493, 512, 559; treaty with Soviet Ukraine, 568

Itil’, 47, 49, 65, 68

Iudenich, Nikolai, 531

Iugo-zapadnyi krai. See Southwestern Land

Iur’iev (Orthodox eparchy), 81

Iurii I L’vovych (ca. 1252/62-1308/15),

129 lurii II-Boleslaw (ca. 1306-1340), 129 lurii (“Dolgorukii,” 1090-1157), 83 lusupov family, 351

lushchenko, Viktor (b. 1954), 726, 727, 73², 733, 735, 749

luzefovich, Mikhail (1802-1889), 395 luzivka, 372, 577; literature about, 783. See also Donets’k

Ivan III, 222, 227

Ivan IV (“the Dread”), 141, 223

Ivan Franko University, 663. See also L’viv University

Ivanenko, Petro. See Petryk

Ivano-Frankivs’k (city), 450; (oblast), 705, 741. See also Stanyslaviv

Iwaszkiewicz, Jaroslaw (1894-1980), 356 Izborsk, 60

^Izg^oi, 9^o, 9², 94

Iziaslav I Iaroslavych (1024-1078), 83

Izium: Line, 226; Regiment, 279

Izmail, 685

Izotov, Nikifor (1902-1951), 608

Izydor (i38os-i463), 160, 170

Jablonowski, Aleksander, 16-17 Jabotinsky, Vladimir (1880-1940), 460,

539; literature about, 784

Jadwiga/Hedwig of Anjou, 138, 139 Jagic, Vatroslav, 56

Jagiello. See Wladyslaw II Jagiello Jagiellonian dynasty, 17 Jakobson, Roman, 108

Jamboyluk Nogay. See Camboyluk Nogay

Jan III Sobieski (1624-1696), 241, 242

Jan II Kazimierz Wasa (1609-1672), 217, 2^18, 233, 255

Janow, Jan (1888-1952), 631

January [Polish] Insurrection. See Polish uprising: of 1863

Japan, 491, 531, 559, 605, 643, 656, 685 Japanese, 332, 404, 692

Japheth, 202, 272 Jaroslaw, 170, 210, 356

Jassy. See Ia^i/Jassy

Jatvingians/Iatvigians, 71, 79, 133

Jazdzewski, Konrad, 441 Jedisan. See Yedisan

Jehovah Witnesses, 741, 744 Jemilev, Mustafa. See Dzhemilev, Mustafa Jeremiah II, 171

Jersey City, New Jersey, 452 Jerusalem, Kingdom of, 99; patriarch of, see Patriarchate, ofJerusalem

Jesuits, 19, 170, 171, 173, 176, 203, 219, 3^O3, 314; (schools), 165, 170, 204, 205, 2¹⁰, 255

Jewish Council for Russian War Relief, 459 Jewish Councils (Judenräte), 677

Jewish Historic and Archeographic Com­mission, 617

Jewish Section (levsektsiia), 616, 618 Jewish Social Studies (journal), 539 Jewlaszewski, Ludwik Kazimierz, 238 Jews, 173, 656; in Khazar Kaganate, 37,

48, 154; in Kievan Rus’, 92; in Galicia- Volhynia, 125; in Lithuania, Poland, and the Commonwealth, 144-149 passim, 153-155, (and haidamaks) 312-317 passim; in Crimea, 154, 182-184, 269; in Zaporozhia, 193; and Khmel’ nyts’kyi uprising, 209, 213, 215-216; in Cossack state/Hetmanate, 197, 219, 264, 267, 295-296; in Dnieper Ukraine, 339, 347, 35⁰,35¹,353, 357^-3⁶4, 373; in Austrian Galicia, 416, 419-421,449, 450, 455,

456, 464-466; in Austrian Bukovina, 465, 483, 484, 485, 643; in the revolu­tionary era (1917-1920), 507, 530, 532, 534, 536-539, 550; in interwar Soviet Ukraine and Crimean A.S.S.R., 611,613, 615-618, 621,623, 625; during World War II, 663, 664, 670, 674-679 passim; in postwar Soviet Ukraine, 689-690, 719, 721; in independent Ukraine, 9, 741, 745, 746, 747; as diaspora from Ukraine,

457, 458-460; literature about, 762, 768, 799, 784, 792^-793, 79^6-797, ^8o2,^8o5, 808-810, 820. See also Holocaust; J udaism; Karaites/Karaim; Krymchaks; Pogroms

Joachim of Antioch, 166

Jogaila. See Wladyslaw II Jagiello

Jordanes, 39, 42, 43

Joseph II Habsburg (1741-1790), 318, 415, 417, 418, 420, 424

Judaism, 48, 74, 182, 267, 360, 361, 721, 741, 768

Julius Caesar, 58

Jungman, Josef, 380

Justinian I, 101

Kabars, 62

Kagi-Kalyon, 36

Kachkovs’kyi Society, 474, 480, 636, 792; literature about, 814

Kadets. See Russian Constitutional Demo­cratic party (Kadets)

Kaganovich, Lazar (1893-1991), 574, 581, 583, 600; literature about, 814

Kahal, 154, 35^8, 537

Kahanovitsh, Pinkhes. See Der Nister

Kakhovka reservoir, 704

Kalamita, 36, 37, 119, 179

Kalinindorf, 617

Kaliningrad. See Konigsberg/Kaliningrad

Kalisz, Statute of, 154

Kalka River, 111, 113, 125

Kalman, Emerich, 414

Kalynovs’kyi, Hryhorii, 379

Kalyns’kyi, Tymofii (I74os-i8o9), 380 Kam’ianets’-Podil’s’kyi (city), 114, 126, 204, 521, 537, 552; (Roman Catholic diocese), 355; literature about, 774

Kam’ianka, 30

Kaniv, 193, 195, 315; reservoir at, 706 Kanyhin, Iurii, 28

Kapnist, Vasyl’ (ca. 1756-1823), 332

Kapushchak, Ivan (1807-1868), 438 Karabelesh, Andrii (1906-1964), 650 Karadzic, Vuk, 380

Karaim Turkic language, 183 Karaites/Karaim, 183-184, 621

Karakalpaks, 79, 90, 113

Karamzin, Nikolai M., 14, 15, 56

Karasubazar, 182, 183, 185, 367, 368;

Treaty of, 291

Karazyn, Vasyl’ (1773-1842), 381

Karelian region, 685

Karl I Habsburg (1887-1922), 497 Karolyi, Mihaly, 553

Karpat (newspaper), 486 Karpenko-Karyi, Ivan (Ivan Tobilevych,

1845-19^O7), 400

Kashubian language, 7

Kasogians, 47

Katerynoslav (city), 285, 302, 342, 353, 3⁶¹, 3⁶5, 372, 5^o8, 5¹⁰, 5^16, 527, 57^6, 577, see also Dnipropetrovs’k (city);

(imperial province), 325, 326, 330, 334, 341, 343, 348, 365, 370, 509, 516, 541;

(Orthodox eparchy), 399

Katerynoslav Cossack Army, 337

Katkov, Mikhail (1818-1887), 394 Katsnel’son, Abram (1914-2003), 618

Kaunas, 232

Kazakhstan, 730; Poles from Ukraine in,

620; ethnic Ukrainians in, 11, 663;

Crimean Tatars in, 691

Kazan’ Khanate, 177, 179

Kazimierz III Piast. See Casimir III Piast

Kazimierz IVJagiellonczyk (1427-1492),

139

Kedryn-Rudnyts’kyi, Ivan (1896-1995), 454, 635

Kefe (city), 179-185 passim; (province)

180, 291. See also Caffa/Kefe

Kejul.ot, 537

Kennan, Edward, 108

Kerch/Kery, 179, 180, 290

Kerch Peninsula, 31

Kerch, Straits of, 30, 37, 48, 58, 76, 78,

117

Kerenskii, Aleksander (1881-1970), 499,

500, 507

Kestutis (1297-1382), 136, 137

KGB, 571, 687

Kharkiv (city), 6, 225, 281, 342, 353, 372,

3⁸¹,4^O2, 4^O3, 5^08, 511, 5^16, 5¹7, 527, 565, 576, 582, 590, 602, 603, 616, 618,

636, 684, 706, 713, 748; Hromada in,

391; soviet in, 501, 511; population of, 342, 353, 576, 616, 748; (imperial province), 325, 32^6, 330, 334, 34¹, 343, 344, 34^8, 35^8, 3⁶¹, 37^O, 5^O9, 5^16, 5¹9; (school district), 396; (oblast), 589, 724; (Orthodox eparchy), 300, 399; ^(reg^ion), 334

Kharkiv Collegium, 302 Kharkiv regiment, 279 Kharkiv Soviet, 501, 511 Kharkiv University, 381, 382, 383, 384,

4⁰⁰, 4^O5, 521, 57⁸ Khazar Kaganate/Khazaria, 45-49, 51,

61-69 passim, 96, 154 ^Khazars, 25, 2^8, 29, 35, 37, 3^8, 39, 44, 45,

47, 48, 49, 59, 60, 62, 63, 66, 68, 74, 96, 99, 183; literature about, 767-768 Kherson (city), 285, 371, 748; (imperial

p^rovince), 325, 32^6, 33^O, 334, 34¹, 343, 353, 361, 364, 365, 369, 370, 509, 516, 519; (Orthodox eparchy), 399 Kherson/Korsun’ (ancient), 98. See also

Chersonesus

Khliborob (newspaper), 405 Khlopomany, 389-391 Khmel’nyts’kyi, Bohdan, Order of, 694 Khmel’nyts’kyi, Bohdan Zinovii (ca.

¹595^-1657⁾, 2^O9^-211, 232, 233, 235,

238, 241, 242, 244, 245, 247, 250, 251, 253, 257, 259, 263, 266, 267, 281, 286, 369, 505, 739; and uprising of 1648, 206, 213-220, 245, 246, 255, 264, 268, 2⁶9, 274, 293, 294, 297, 3^O2, 3^O7, 3¹⁰; and the Orthodox church, 270; and agreement of Pereiaslav, 221, 226-232; and Crimean Tatars, 218, 219, 220; and Jews, 209, 215-216, 309, 358, 360; Poles on, 17, 209, 357; Shevchenko on, 230, 386; songs about, 271; litera­ture about, 17, 22, 209-210, 216, 271, 304-305, 312, 380, 391, 738, 778, 780

Khmel’nyts’kyi, lurii (1641-1685), 230,

239, 241

Khmel’nyts’kyi, Mykhailo (d. 1620), 210 Khmel’nyts’kyi, Tymish (1632-1653), 219,

369

Khodkevych, Hryhorii, 164

Khodkevych family, 168

Kholm (city), see Chelm/Kholm; (prov­ince), 516; (region), 136, 624, 626, 627; (Orthodox eparchy), see Chelm- Belz

Kholodnyi, Hryhorii (1886-1938), 602 Kholodnyi lar, 313

Kholopy. See Slaves

Khomyshyn, Hryhorii (1867-1948), 638 Khors, 74

Khortytsia Island, 285; Mennonites on, 364, 366. See also Little Khortytsia Island Khotyn, 325; Battle of, 200, 201; Ortho­dox metropolitanate, 644

Khrapovitskii, Antonii (Aleksei, 1863­¹93⁶⁾, 4⁶¹, 52¹

Khrushchev, Nikita S. (1894-1971), 607, 609, 701, 702, 703, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 717, 730; literature about, 805

Khrystiuk, Pavlo (1890-19??), 502, 539, 577, 603

Kh^ust, 554, ⁶5^{8, 6}59, 724

Khutir/khutory, 344

Khvoika, Vikentii (1850-1914), 27, 44 Khvyl’ovyi, Mykola (Nikolai Fitilev, 1893­1933), 581, 583, 604, 615; literature about, 801

Kiev (city), 6, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22,

27, 28, 29, 222, 230, 314, 469, 630; monasteries in, 92, 103, 105, 162, 163, 273, 303 (see also Monastery of Caves); population of, 24, 89, 267, 342, 353, 355, 537, 54^O, 57^{6, 616,} 7¹3; J^{ews and} Jewish culture in, 358, 459, 460, 537, 616-618; Poles and Polish culture in, 355^-357, 54^O, ⁶¹9; ^{Czechs in}, 372, 543, 544; as “mother of Russian cities,” 15, 66; literature about, 783

- in pre-Kievan times: 43, 49, 50, 57-59; as Khazar outpost, 49, 65

- in Kievan Rus’: 67-127 passim, 155; Varangians arrive in, 60, 65, 66; after Mongol invasion, 110, 114-119 passim

- in Lithuanian-Polish-Crimean period: 72, 135, 160, 193, 194, 201, 203, 210, 214, 217, 219, 226, 227, 230; Jesuit school in, 204

- at time of Cossack state/Hetmanate: 239, 242, 247, 251, 256, 267-273 pas­sim, 283, 296, 303, 319

- in Dnieper Ukraine: 327, 332, 342, 345, 354^-35⁸ P^assim, 372, 382, 3⁸3, 3⁸4, 387, 393-405 passim, 480, 481, 495; Hromada in, 391, 394, 395; Beilis trial in, 361; Shevchenko in, 386

- in revolutionary era (1917-1920): 501, 505-517 passim, 519-531 passim, 540, 545, 550, 565, 642; capture by Red Army, 512, 516, 526, 527; taken by Ukrainian National Republic and Ger­man Army, 516, 517; taken by Directory, 523; taken by Denikin, 530, 532; taken by Poles and Petliura, 534

- in Soviet Ukraine: in interwar years, 582, 586, 590; during World War II, 674, 676, 679, 683, 684; in postwar period, ⁶94, 7^O5, 7^O7, 7¹¹, 7^18, 7¹9, 722

- in independent Ukraine, 723, 724, 727, 729, 73¹, 737, 739, 743, 74^6, 74⁸; ^and Orange Revolution, 733, 735

Kiev (principality) 82, 84, 85, 95, 108, 113, 120, 136, 140; (palatinate), 141, ¹43, ¹5¹, ¹53, ¹72, ¹⁸7, ¹⁸9, ¹9^o, ¹97, 213, 216, 218, 220, 231-250 passim; (general governorship/imperial prov­^ince), 290 3¹9, 325, 32^6, 32^8, 33^O, 334, 343, 344, 348, 354, 385, 389, 394, 509, 516, 519; (oblast), 589; (Orthodox archeparchy/eparchy/metropolitan- ate), 72, 73, 77, 82, 103, 127, 128, 129, 136, 158-160, 171, 202-204, 217, 221, 225, 227, 236, 270-272, 288, 299-301, 3⁶9, 39^8, 399, 5¹9, 521; (hnd/region), 7, 26, 44, 51,88, 125, 157, 188, 300, 347; (Roman Catholic diocese), 355; (Uniate metropolitanate), 172, 176, 2^O2, 2^O3, 27¹, 299, 3⁰⁰, 399, 424, 742

Kiev and All Rus’, Metropolitanate of, 72, 128, 136, 158, 159, 160, 222, 743

Kiev Patriarchate. See Ukrainian Orthodox Church-Kiev Patriarchate

Kiev Brotherhood, 201

Kiev Soviet, 501, 509, 511

Kiev University. See University: of Kiev;

Saint Vladimir University

Kievan (-Mohyla) Academy/Collegium, 235, 237, 255, 27¹, 273, 3^O1, 3^O2, 3^O3, 304, 780; literature about, 780

Kievan Rus’, 10, 11, 55, 60-71, 74, 88-114, 120-129, 133-147 passim, 155, 158, 159, 167, 177, 188, 202, 222, 223, 227, 230 233, 27¹, 3⁰⁰, 3^O5, 3^18, 37¹, 382, 383, 384, 468-470, 696, 738, 739, 743; fall of, 85-87, 113-117, 119; views on, ¹4, ¹5, ^{16, 1}7, ¹9, 23, 24, 5^6, 57, 5^8, 59, 72, 73; literature about, 768-773

“Kievan Russia” (term), 10, 11, 23, 73, 469 Kievlianin (journal), 383, 392

Kievlianin (newspaper), 354, 406, 540 Kievskaia starina (journal), 400, 402

Kievskii telegraf (newspaper), 395, 396 Kii, 49, 59

Kipyak clan, 181

Kipyak Khanate, 114, 180. See also Steppe of the Kipyaks

Kipyak Turkic language, 181-182, 184, 622

Kipyaks, 79, 111, 119, 623. See also Polovt- sians

Kirim. See Eski Kirim

Kirimal, Edige, 670 Kirk Yer, 35, 36, 182

Kirovohrad, 284, 285, 361, 372, 577.

See also lelysavethrad/Kirovohrad/ Zinovivs’k

Kishinev (city), see Chi^inau/Kishinev; (Orthodox eparchy), 399

Kistiakowsky, George (1900-1982), 461 Kitsman, 485

Klen, lurii. See Burghardt, Oswald

Kliazma River, 63

Kliuchevskii, Vasilii, 15, 16, 21, 96; on origins of Rus’ 56; on Mazepa, 253

Klympush, Dmytro (1897-1959), 658

Kniazi, go, 144

Knoll, Roman, 541

Knyhy bytiia ukrains 'koho narodu (manu­script), ig, 387

Kobiak, 10g

Kobryn, Vasyl’ (b. 1938), 712

Kobryns’ka, Nataliia (1851-1920), 633

Kobylytsia, Lukiian (1812-1851), 42g, 440

Kobzar (book), 385

Kobzan (minstrels), 186

Koch, Erich (1896-1986), 675, 678, 67g

Koch, Ludwig. See Maxwell, Robert Kochanowski, Jan, 157

Kochubei, Vasyl’ (ca. 1640-1708), 260, 266

Kochubei, Viktor (1768-1834), 335 Kochubei family, 266

Kodak, 206, 217, 229, 251

Koestler, Arthur, 48

Kokhanovs’kyi, Panteleimon, 271

Kolchak, Aleksander, 531

Kolehtivistis (publishing house), 624

Kolektovastos (newspaper), 624

Koliwshchyna rebellion, 313, 317. See also

Haidamaks

Kollar, Jan, 427

Kollontai, Aleksandra (1872-1952), 634

Kolo Lwowian. See L’viv Circle

Kolo-Ra Society, 28

Kolodiazhyn, 114

Kolomna, 113

Kolomyia, 420, 450, 474, 475

Koliadnyky, 712

Komi A.S.S.R., 675

Komitaty, 414, 445

Kompu-by, 266

Komsomol (Communist Youth League),

574, 594, 597

KOMZET, 616

Konyak, Khan (ca. 1150-1205), 87, 105

Koniecpolski, Aleksander (1620-1659), 211

Koniecpolski, Stanislaw (ca. 1590-1646),

200

Konigsberg/Kaliningrad, 168, 298; Uni­versity of, 168

Konotop: Battle of, 239

Konovalets’, levhen (1891-1938), 454, 512, 523, 630, 639, 640; assassination of, 665

Konstantynivka, 706

Konys’kyi, Heorhii (Hryhorii/Iurii, ¹7¹7^-1795⁾, 3^O1, 3^O4

Konys’kyi, Oleksander (1836-1900), 401, 402, 481; and Galicia, 471,474

Kopitar, Jernej, 427

Kopyns’kyi, Isaia (d. 1640), 203, 205, 225 Kopystens’kyi, Mykhail (d. 1610), 173,

176

Kopystens’kyi, Zakhariia (d. 1627), 201 Korea, 118

Koreans: in Ukraine, 747

Korenizatsiia. See Indigenization Korkunov, Nikolai, 230

Korniakt, Konstantyn (1517-1603), 163 Kornilov, Lavr, 509

Korolenko, Vladimir (1853-1921), 354 Korolevo, 26

Korosten’, 49

Korotych, Vitalii (b. 1936), 703

Korsun’ (ancient). See Kherson (ancient) Korsun’ (town), 234, 267, 316; battles near, 213, 226, 683; (district), 206

KorZeniowski, Apollo (1820-1869), 357 Kosice, 138; Statutes of, 138, 148

Kosior, Stanislav (Stanislaw Kossior, 1889­¹939⁾, ⁶⁰⁰

Kosiv, 421

Kosiv, Syl’vestr (d. 1657), 217, 227, 270 Kosonogov, Iosef (1866-1922), 353 Kosov-Vizhnits Hasidic dynasty, 421 Kossior, Stanislaw. See Kosior, Stanislav Kossuth, Lajos, 434

Kostel’nyk, Havriil (1886-1948), 698 Kostenko, Lina (b. 1930), 703, 712 Kostomarov, Mykola (1817-1885), 381, 384, 3^86, 3⁸7, 39^O, 39¹, 392, 442; ^writ­ings by, 20, 391, 788; on origins of Rus’, 56; on Cossacks, 19, 188; on Mazepa, 254; literature about, 788

Kostoprav, Georgii (1903-1944?), 624

Kostrzewski, Jozef, 41

Kosygin, Aleksei (1904-1980), 708, 711 Kosynka, Hryhorii (1899-1934), 704 Kosyns’kyi, Khryshtof (d. 1593), 196 Kotlearciuc, Nectari (Nikolaie Kotliar-

chuk, 1875-1934), 644

Kotliarevs’kyi, Ivan (1769-1838), 381, 385 Kotsiubyns’kyi, Mykhailo (1864-1912),

401, 471, 705

Kotsylovs’kyi, losafat (1876-1947), 638

Kovalevs’kyi, Mykola (1885-1944), 502

Kovpak, Sydir (1887-1967), 682 Kozelets’, 267, 303

Kozlowski, Leon, 41

KPZU. See Communist party of Western

Ukraine

Kraiovyi Soiuz Reviziinyi. See Provincial

Audit Union

Krakaliia, Kost’ (1884-194?), 645

Kralyts’kyi, Anatolii (1835-1894), 486

Krasnodar, 337; (oblast), 10

Krasny, Pinkhes, 537

Krasnystaw: brotherhood, 166

Kraszewski, Jozef (1812-1887), 357

Kravchuk, Leonid (b. 1934), 722, 723,

7²4, 7²5, 7²9, 73^6, 744

Kravtsiv, Bohdan (1904-1975), 640 Krawchenko, Bohdan (b. 1946), 343, 714 Krechetnikov, Mikhail (1729-1792), 334,

335

Kreise, 416, 443

Kremenchuk, 45, 251, 284, 345, 459, 684; reservoir at, 706

Kremenets’/Krzemieniec: Orthodox mon­astery at, 162; Orthodox seminary at, 639; Polish lycee at, 355, 382

Kremlin, 716

Kremsier parliament, 438, 443

Kresy, 17, 463, 628, 630, 721

Krewo/Krevo, Union of, 138, 148

Krivichians, 59, 66, 97

Krokovs’kyi, loasaf (d. 1718), 273, 300 Kromefiz/Kremsier, 438, 443 Kropyvnyts’kyi, Marko (1840-1910), 400 Krupnyts’kyi, Borys (1894-1956), 254

Krushel’nyts’kyi, Antin (1878-1935), 636

Krym, 179. See also Eski Kirim; Solkhat/

Staryi Krym

Krym, Solomon (1864-1936), 546 Krymchaks, 182, 183, 184, 670 Kryms’kyi, Ahatanhel (1871-1941), 106,

405, 578

Kryp’iakevych, Ivan (1886-1967), 663 Kryvonis, Maksym (d. 1648), 214, 216,

217

Kryvyi Rih, 6, 511, 516, 590

Kryzhanivs’kyi family, 267, 296 Krzemieniec. See Kremenets’/Krzemieniec Ksawery family, 310

Kuban Cossack Army, 337

Kuban Nogay, 184

Kuban Region, 7, 29, 113

Kuban River, 5, 10, 47, 184, 336, 344, 594 Kubiiovych, Volodymyr (1900-1985), 454,

664, 672

Kuchma, Leonid (b. 1938), 707, 726, 727, 730-738 passim, 744

Kuyuk Kaynarca, Treaty of, 284, 289, 291

Kulaks (kurkuli), 344, 586, 587, 597, 603; liquidation of, 594, 595, 596, 618, (Polish) 619, (German) 620. See also Dekulakization

Kul’chyts’kyi, Stanislav (b. 1937), 596

Kulish, Panteleimon (1819-1897), 384,

3^86, 3⁸7, 39^O, 39¹, 392, 397, 399, 442, 471, 481, 721; on origins of Rus’, 56; on Cossacks, 19, 188; on Mazepa, 254; literature about, 788

Kulishivka (alphabet), 396

Kultur-lige, 616

Kumeiky, Battle of, 200, 206

Kun, Bela, 546, 554

Kunigas, 144

Kunik, Ernst, 56

Kuntsevych, losafat (ca. 1580-1623), 204 Kupalo, 50

Kupchanko, Hryhorii (1849-1902), 485 Kurbas, Les’ (1887-1937), 580

Kurhan, 32

Kurkuli. See Kulaks

Kursk, 527, 529; (oblast), 10 Kurtsevych, lezykiil (losyf, 1589-1642), 201

Kurultay: in Crimean Khanate, 181; in autonomous and independent Crimea, 545, 722

Kurylo, Olena (1890-1937?), 602, 618 Kurylovych, Volodymyr (1867-1907), 493 Kutrigurs, 29, 35, 36

Kutuzov, Mikhail, 694 Kuyaba, 57

Kuznetsovs’k, 706 Kvasov, Andrii, 303 Kviring, Emmanuil (1888-1937), 527, 573, 574

Kvitka-Osnovianenko, Hryhorii (1778­¹⁸43), 3⁸¹, 3⁸5

Kvitko, Leyb (1890-1952), 576 Kyrgyzstan: ethnic Ukrainians in, 11 Kyrychenko, Oleksii (1908-1975), 702 Kyrylytsia (Church script), 428, 439, 470 Kysil’, Adam (1580-1653), 218; literature about, 778

Kysilevs’ka, Olena (1869-1956), 634

Labor Congress (1919), 525, 526 Ladoga, Lake, 57, 63, 286 Lam, Jan (1838-1886), 456 Lands of the Army of Zaporozhia. See

Zaporozhian Cossacks, Host Landsmanschaftn, 458, 460 Landtag. See Diet (Landtag/sejm/soim) Lange, Brian, 255 Language/Language question, 7-9; and nationalism, 374-376; in Kievan Rus’, 100, 105-108; in Dnieper Ukraine, 380-382, 385, 391-399 passim; in Aus­trian Galicia, 426-429, 440, 468-472; in Bukovina, 645; in Transcarpathia, 651; in Soviet Ukraine, 573-580 passim, 601, 604, 609-610, 695, 704-705; in independent Ukraine, 738-740, 747; among Bulgarians, 625; among Crimean Tatars, 181-182, 368, 622-623; among Greeks, 624; among Jews, 364, 420, 465-466, 617, 721; among Mennonites, 366; among Moldovans, 612. See also Alphabet; Armenian; Azeri; Belarusan; Bulgarian; Carpatho-Rusyn; Church Sla­vonic; Common Russian (obshcherusskii); Crimean Tatar; Croatian; Czech; French; Gagauz; German; Greek; Hebrew; Hungarian; lazychie; Italian; Karaim Turkic; Kashubian; Kipyak Turkic; Latin; Macedonian; Moldovan; Oghuz Turkic; Old Bulgarian; Old Macedonian; Old Slavonic; Plattdeutsch; Polish; Romanian; Romany (Gypsy); Ruskyi/russkyi; Russian; Rusyn; Ruthenian; Serbian; Serbo- Croatian; Slaveno-Rusyn; Slovak; Slov­enian; Sorbian; Surzhyk; Tatar Greek; Turkish; Ukrainian; Yiddish

Languedoc, 58 Lapchyns’kyi, lurii (1887-1938), 568 Larindorf, 617

Lashchenko, Rostyslav (1878-1929), 230 Latifundium. See Manorial estate Latin language, 73, 108, 121, 123, 165, 2^O5, 3^O1, 3^O4, 3⁸¹,4¹¹,425, 429, 43^o; (alphabet), see Alphabet: Latin/Roman Latinizers, 638

Latvia, 13, 63, 223, 277, 685, 730; ethnic Ukrainians in, 11

Latvian S.S.R., 661

Latynnyky, 416 Latzky-Bertholdi, Ya’akov (1881-1940), 537

Laurus (Vasyl’ Shkurla, 1928-2008), 462 Lavra, 103. See also Monastery of the Caves Law: in Kievan Rus’, 81, 95; in Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 137, 147; in Rus­sian Empire, 342; literature about, 768, 774

Lay of Ihor's Campaign (Slovo o polku Ihor- evi), 87, 108-109, 127, 158; literature about, 771

Lazarevs’kyi, Oleksander (1834-1902), 254

League of Nations, 561, 568, 655 Lebanon, 732

Lebed’, Dimitrii (1893-1937), 573, 574 Lebedyn, 260

Lebensraum, 656, 674, 675; literature about, 806

Lebid’, Dmytro. See Lebed’, Dimitrii Lecapanus, Romanus, 48

Left Bank: (geographic region) 153, 217, ²²5, 3^26, 33^O, 335, 339, 354, 35^8, 37^8, 390, 391, 512, 532, 667, 683; at time of Cossack state/Hetmanate, 239-272 pas­sim, 279, 281, 283, 295, 298, 300, 310, 312; zemstvos in, 342

Legions of Ukrainian Nationalists, 671 Lehar, Franz, 415

Lehr-Splawinski, Tadeusz, 41 Leib, Jacub. See Frank, Jacub

Leipzig, 429

Leitha River, 414

Lemberg, 416, 482, 515. See also L’viv/ Lwow/Lemberg

Lemko Apostolic Administration, 635, 638 Lemko Region, 10, 462, 475, 480, 626,

636, 638; in Generalgouvernement, 661, 664; literature about, 811

Lemkos, 638, 748; deportation of, 688, 697

Lenin, Vladimir Il’ich (Vladimir Ulianov, ⁱ⁸7^o-i924⁾, 3⁶3, 5^08, 5^o9, 515, 527, 529, 53¹, 5⁶3, 5⁶7, 5^68, 5^86, 5⁸7, 5⁸9, 601, 605, 609, 610, 634, 703, 709, 715, 739; and nationalism, 22, 404, 570-573, 606, 611, 615, 709; and Crimean Tatars, 546; and Jews, 615; and Ukrainian lan­g^uag^e, 57^2-573

Leopold II Habsburg (1747-1792), 417,

425

Leskov, Nikolai (1831-1895), 354

Lesky, 50

Leszczynski, Stanislaw. See Stanislaw I Leszczynski

Lev I Danylovych (ca. 1228-ca. 1301), 126, 127

Lev II Iuriiovych (d. ca. 1323), 129 Levedia, 62

Levkon I, 31

Levyts’kyi, Dmytro (1877-1942), 635 Levyts’kyi, losyf (1801-1860), 426, 429 Levyts’kyi, Kost’ (1859-1941), 493, 496, 55^O, ⁶7¹, ⁶72

Levyts’kyi, Mykhailo (1774-1858), 426 Levyts’kyi, Parfenii (1858-1922), 405 Lewin, Ezekiel (d. 1941), 676 Lewis, Bernard, 14 Lex Grabski, 637

Liatoshyns’kyi, Borys (1895-1938), 580 Liberal party (Romanian), 642, 645 Liberum veto, 149, 219

Likhachev, Dmitrii, 16

Likpunkty, 579 Lipovany, 353, 484. See also Old Believers Lisovs’ka, Nastia. See Roksolana/Hurrem Listok (journal), 486 Liszt, Franz, 255

Literature: in Kievan Rus’, 105-109; in Lithuanian-Polish-Crimean period, 185-186, 271; in 1700s, 304-305; in Austrian Galicia, 429, 471-472; in Dnieper Ukraine, 381-382, 385-386, 390, 401; in Soviet Ukraine, 580-581, 703-704, 710-712; in Subcarpathian Rus’, 650; in Ukraine (in Czech) 543, (in German) 421,465-466, (in Greek) 624, (in Hebrew) 364, (in Polish) 356-357, 456, (in Romanian) 354, (in Yiddish) 360, 364, 618; writings about, 770-771, 787, 801,815. See also Theater

Literaturno-naukovyi vistnyk (journal), 405, 471, 640

Lithuania: (grand duchy), 106, 120, 121, ¹25, ¹2^6, 129, ¹3^O, ¹33^-15¹, ⁱ5^8-i73 passim, 177, 180, 183, 185, 187, 188, 190-205 passim, 215, 219, 222-227, 233-238 passim, 247, 299, 424; unites with Poland, 138, 139, 141, 143; Jews in, 154, 155, 358, 359, 360, see also Karaites; Ukrainians in, 11; Reformation in, 157, 168, 169, 170; Jesuits in, 170; in Russian Empire, 358, 399, 545; inter­war, 685; declares independence, 717; rejects CIS, 730; Polish view of, 17, 533, 630; Soviet view of, 23; literature about, 7^66, 773-774

Lithuania, Rus’, and Samogitia, Grand Duchy of. See Lithuania (grand duchy)

Lithuanian S.S.R., 661

Lithuanian Statute: First, 147; Second, 141, 147; Third, 151; literature about, 774

Lithuanians, 71-72, 129, 133-141 passim, 138-141, 159, 177, 246; in interwar Poland, 630

Litopys Samovydtsia. See Samovydets’ Chronicle

Little Entente, 648

Little Khortytsia Island, 193, 195

Little Rada, 507, 537, 540, 541

“Little Rus’ ” (term), 73, 159; used by Byz­antine Greeks (Mikra Rosiia), 73, 159;

tsar’s title and, 73; (Orthodox eparchy), 159

Little Russia: term in Muscovy and Russian ^Emp^ire, 11, ⁱ5, ^{i6, i8,} 245, 393^-397, 462, 540; Orthodox metropolitan­ate, 300; Central Ministry for, 252; Governor-General(s) of, 326, 330, 334; histories of, 379, 380

Little Russian Collegium, 287-290

“Little Russian” dialect/language, 393­394, 396, 401, 404

Little Russianism, 392

Little Russians (malorossy), 11, 15, 209, 37^8, 382, 3⁸7, 393, 427, 4⁶9, 47¹, 5¹9, 520, 540, 713; diaspora from Ukraine, 461-462

Liubachivs’kyi, Myroslav (1914-2000), 720, 741

Liubartas/Liubart-Dmytrii Gediminovych ^(d. ¹3⁸5⁾, ¹29

Liubavskii, Matvei K., 21

Liubchenko, Panas (1897-1937), 605, 606 Liubech, 82, 84, 123

Liudi, 145

Living Church. See Ukrainian Orthodox (Synodal) Church

Livonia, 135, 223, 226

Livonian Knights/Order, 135, 223, 243

Lloyd George, David, 559

Loboda, Hryhorii (d. 1596), 196

Lodii, Petro (1764-1829), 430

Lodomeria, 123, 318, 411, 446. See also

Galicia-Volhynia

Loewe, Johann Karl, 255

Lombardy, 414, 433, 749

Lomonosov, Mikhail, 57

London, 6, 89, 493, 561

Lorraine, 492, 655

Lotots’kyi, Oleksander (1870-1939), 522

Louis I Anjou (“the Great”), 137, 138

Louis XIV Bourbon, 561

Lovat’ River, 65

Low German language. See Plattdeutsch

Lower Austria, 415, 418, 433

Lozyns’kyi, losyf (1807-1880), 426, 429

Lozyns’kyi, Mykhailo (1895-1933), 577,

636

Lublin (city), 141, 148, 156, 157; (palati­nate), 627; (imperial province), 325; (school district), 631

Lublin, Union of, 141, 143, 147, 155, 164, 176, 195, 223, 235; literature about, 773

Lubny, 162, 405; Battle of, 200; Agree­ment of, 283

Lubomirski family, 309

Lucaris, Cyril (1572-1683), 164

Luchkai, Mykhailo I. (1789-1843), 431

Luchshie liudi, 91

Luck/Luts’k (city), see Luts’k; (palatinate), 627

Luckyj, George (1919-2001), 385 Luhans’k/Voroshylovhrad, 576, 577, 682, 739, 748

Lukasevych, Antin (1872-1936), 645 Lukoms’kyi, Stepan (1701-ca. 1779), 305 Lunt, Horace, 106

Lupu, Vasile (ca. 1593-1661), 219 Lusatian culture, 41

Luther, Martin, 168, 169 Lutheranism/Lutherans, 168, 236, 365,

366, 741; Evangelical, 421, 744

Luts’k (city), 126, 172, 183, 184, 270, 310, 372, 384; (palatinate), see Luck/Luts’k; (Orthodox eparchy), see Luts’k-Ostroh; (Roman Catholic diocese), see Luts’k- Zhytomyr; (Uniate eparchy), 311, 399 Luts’k-Ostroh (Orthodox eparchy), 128,

159, 160, 202, 203, 236, 311

Luts’k-Zhytomyr (Roman Catholic dio­^cese), 355

Luxembourg, 377

L’viv Circle (Kolo Lwowian), 463 L’viv/Lwow/Lemberg (city), 6, 210, 414,

421 437, 4⁶3, ⁶9^8, 724, 739, 742; ⁱⁿ Kievan period, 126, 127, 129; in Lithua­nian-Polish-Crimean period, 163, 166, 171, 172, 173, 176, 201, 204; at time of Cossack state, 217, 259, 271, 303, 311, 318; in Austrian Galicia, 416, 424-430 passim, 435-441 passim, 445, 447, 450, 451, 470-476 passim, 480, 482, 494;

during World War I, 495, 496, 515, 534, 548; in West Ukrainain National Repub­lic, 548-553 passim; in interwar Poland, 578, 630, 631, 633,638, 640; during World War II, 663, 664, 671, 672, 676, 683, 721; Greeks in, 164; Armenians in, 422; Poles in, 450, 455, 456; Jews in, 419, 420, 450, 676; literature about, 790, 795, 803, 809-810

L’viv (oblast), 706, 741; (Greek Catholic/ Uniate eparchy), 311,424; (Greek Catholic Metropolitanate), see Halych and Rus’, Greek Catholic Archeparchy/ Metropolitanate of; (Orthodox epar­chy), see Halych-L’viv, Orthodox eparchy of; (Roman Catholic archdiocese), see Halych and L’viv, Roman Catholic arch­diocese of

L’viv Stauropegial Brotherhood. See Stau- ropegial Brotherhood

L’viv Theological Academy, 742

L’viv University, 405, 425, 430, 440, 448,

474, 475, 477, 479, 481, 501, 631 L’vov, Georgii, 499 “Lvov Land,” 154

Lwow (city). See L’viv/Lwow/Lemberg Lwow/L’viv (province, palatinate), 627 Lypkivs’kyi, Vasyl’ (1864-1938), 582,

583

Lyps’kyi, Volodymyr (1863-1937), 578 Lypyns’kyi, Viacheslav (1882-1931), 21, 454; on Cossacks, 188, 230; on Mazepa, 254; literature about, 804

Lysan, lurii (1874-1946), 645

Lysenko, Mykola (1842-1912), 401 Lysenko, Trokhym (1898-1976), 608,

609

Mabovitch, Goldele. See Meir Golda Mace, James (1952-2004), 596 Macedonia, 107, 202, 492

Macedonian language, 7, 100. See also Old Macedonian language

Machine and Tractor Stations (MTS), 592 Magdeburg Law, 129, 146, 163, 164, 267, 295, 326, 327

Magnates: in Lithuania, 147, 168; in Muscovy, 223, 224; in Poland, 138, 141, 145, 148, 195, 196, 216, 224; in Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth, 149, 151, 153, 155, 169, 191, 196, 206, 210, 264, 269, 308, 309, 310, 312, 357; Orthodox and Rus’, 151, 153, 155, 157, 162, 163, ¹⁶4, ¹⁶5, ¹72, ¹7^{6, 1}95, ¹97, ¹99, 2^o4, 225, 235; in Cossack state, 265, 266; in Dnieper Ukraine, 348; in Austrian Galicia, 414, 416, 417, 419, 425, 444. See also Nobility

Magyar National party, 647 Magyarization, 430, 486, 651 Magyarones, 486, 651

Magyars, 440, 443, 486, 487; in Ukraine’s steppelands, 47, 48, 62, 65, 66; in interwar Subcarpathian Rus’, 647, 658; in Soviet Ukraine, 689, 692; in inde­pendent Ukraine, 9, 744, 745; literature about, 820-821

Mahiliou: (Roman Catholic archdiocese), 355; (imperial province), see Mogilev; literature about, 820-821

Maidan, 193. See also Independence

Square

Majdanek: death camp, 676

Makhno, Nestor (1884-1934), 454, 529, 53^O, 533, 537, 54¹, 542, 5⁸7; li^terature about, 795-796

Maksym the Greek (d. 1305), 128

Maksymovych, Mykhailo (1804-1873), 379, 381, 382, 383, 427, 606; on Cos­sacks, 19

Makukh, Ivan (1872-1946), 635

Mala Khortytsia. See Little Khortytsia Island

Mala Rada. See Little Rada

Malczewski, Antoni (1793-1828), 390

Malenkov, Georgii (1902-1988), 701

Malevich, Kazimir (1878-1935), 354, 356

Malopolska Wschodnia, 627

Malorossiiskii prikaz. See Central Ministry for Little Russia

Malorossy. See Little Russians

Malynovs’kyi, Oleksander (1889-1957), 665

Malyshko, Andrii (1912-1970), 704

Manchuria, 111, 118, 331

Mangup-Kale, 36, 118, 119, 179, 183. See also Theodoro-Mangup Principality

Maniak, Volodymyr (1934-1992), 596

Maniava hermitage, 162

Manitoba, 3

Mankeev, Aleksei I., 14

Manorial estate (fil’varok/latifundium),

¹5^1-153, ¹93, 3⁰9^-3¹⁰, 357

Mansur clan, 181

Manuil’s’kyi, Dmytro (1883-1959), 522, 527

Màramaros (county), 642

Maramurer (district), 10; (region), 642

Marazli family, 372

Maria Theresa Habsburg (1717-1780), 3¹7, 4¹5, 4¹7, 4^18, 424, 43^O

Mariins’kyi Palace, 303

Maripeta, Manopolis, 163

Mariupol’, 9, 285, 290, 371, 372, 590, 624

Markevych, Mykola (1804-1860), 18, 380, 384

Markhlevs’k/Marchlewski district, 619 Markov, Dmytro (1864-1938), 496 Markov, Osyp A. (1849-1909), 372 Markovych, lakiv (1776-1804), 380 Markovych, Roman, 380 Markovych family, 267, 296 Markus, Vasyl (b. 1922), 687 Markush, Aleksander (1891-1971), 650 Marmora, Sea of, 101 Martel, Charles. See Charles Martel Martin I, Pope, 75 Marx, Karl, 402, 570, 609; on religion,

581 Marxism/Marxists, 18, 21, 22, 210, 254,

3⁶3, 4^O3, 4^O4, 5^68, 57^o-572, ^6o1, ^6o4, 636, 695, 738

Marxism-Leninism, 570-573, 585, 589,

594, 601, 700, 703, 714 Masaryk, Tomas G. (1850-1937), 554,

646; and Ukraine, 544 Maslosoiuz. See Provincial Dairy Union Masochism, 421 Masonic movement, 332

Matrega, 117 Matrona/Helena, 211, 214 Mayer, Kajetan, 438

Maxwell Robert (Ludwig Koch, 1923­

¹99¹⁾, 459

Mazepa, Ivan (1639-1709), 245, 253,

264, 277, 286, 288, 297, 298, 301, 505, 519, 738, 739; as hetman in early phase, 255-258, 296; during Great Northern War, 258-262, 307; and Zaporozhia, 257-258, 262, 281; after Poltava, 262-263; and cultural developments, 272-274, 302; and Orthodox Church, 25^6, 272-273, 299; ^imag^{e of}, 253^-255; literature about, 261, 780-781 Mazepa, Maryna (ca. 1624-1707), 255 Mazepa, Stepan-Adam (d. 1665), 255 Mazepa family, 266 Mazon, Andre, 108 Mazovia, 133 Mazovians, 79, 468 Mediterranean Sea, 101, 117

Megale Rosiia (term), 73, 15g

Megara, 30

^Megy^e, 445

Mehdi, Abdürre^id (d. 1912), 368

Mehmed II, 17g

Meir, Golda (Goldele Mabovitch, 1898­1978), 460

Mejlis, 722

Melitopol’, 625

Mel’nyk, Andrii (1890-1964), 454, 523, 665, 672

Melnykites /Melnykite faction /OUN-M, 665, 670, 671, 672, 674, 678, 681. See also Organization of Ukrainian National­ists

Mendel (Hasidic dynasty), 421

Mengli I Giray (d. 1515), 180, 182

Menno Simons College, 464

Mennonites: in Dnieper Ukraine, 285, 364-366; in the revolutionary era (1917-1920), 541-543; in Soviet Ukraine, 620; as diaspora from Ukraine, 464; literature about, 784-785, 797­798, 802

Mensheviks, 403, 507, 508, 570

Menshikov, Aleksandr (1673-1729), 260, 287

Menshikov family, 351

Mercantilism, 347, 418

Merderer-Meretini, Bernard, 303

Merians, 59, 66

Meshketian Turks, 717

Meshkov, lurii (b. 1945), 727

Mesopotamia, 28

Meta (journal), 471

Methodius, Saint, 48, 67, 76, 100, 105,

107

Metlyns’kyi, Amvrosii (1814-1870), 381 Metropolitanate (Greek Catholic, Ortho­dox, Romanian, Uniate). See names of individual jurisdictions

Metternich, Clemens von (1773-1859), 42^8, 432, 433

Mezhyhiria: monastery, 162

Mhar, 162, 273

Mickiewicz, Mieczyslaw (1897-1939?), 541

Middle East, 47, 61, 62, 96, 99, 111, 183, 49¹

Miiakovs’kyi, Volodymyr (1888-1972), 603

Mikhail Romanov (1596-1645), 224 Mikhnovs’kyi, Mykola (1873-1924), 403, 406, 477

Miklosic, Franz, 56

Mikra Rosiia (term), 73, 159

Milan, 414

Miletus, 30

Miliukov, Pavel N., 56, 406

Milli Firka. See Crimean Tatar National

party

Milli Meclis, 746

Milstein, Nathan (1904-1992), 459

Minchejmer (Minheimer/Münchheimer), Adam, 255

Mindaugas, 133, 135, 136

Ministry of Galician Affairs, 448

Ministry ofJewish Affairs, 537

Minsk (province), 355, 516

Mir, 93

Mirza (Crimean Tatar nobility), 292, 335, 336, 367

Mitnaggedim, 421

Minorities. See National minorities

Mogilev (province), 355; (city), see Mahil- iou

Mohyla Collegium. See Kievan (-Mohyla) Academy/Collegium

Mohyla, Petro (Petru Movila, 1597-1647), 203, 204, 205, 225, 270, 273, 301, 369; literature about, 778

Mohyl’nyts’kyi, Ivan (1777-1831), 426

Mokiievs’ka, Maryna. See Mazepa, Maryna Mokosh

Moldavia, 42, 140, 162, 172, 179, 196,

199, 200, 203, 210, 218, 219, 233, 263, 277, 285, 3^18, 353, 3⁶9, 4¹¹,429, 4^66, 611, 642

Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist

Republic-Moldavian A.S.S.R., 611

Moldavian Democratic Republic of Bes­sarabia, 643

Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic-Mol- davian S.S.R., 685

Moldavians, 193, 350, 369

Moldova, 9, 13, 27, 45, 731; Ukrainians in, 10

Moldovan language, 7, 612, 747

Moldovan Scientific Committee, 612

Moldovans, 692; in Moldavian A.S.S.R. and Soviet Ukraine, 611-613, 689, 692, 745; in independent Ukraine, 9, 745

Molochna River, 365, 366

Molodshie liudi, 92

Molotov, Viacheslav (1890-1986), 701. See also Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact

Monasteries: influence of, 103, 162-163, 2^O1, 27^1-273, 3¹3

Monastery of the Caves/Pechers’ka Lavra (Kiev), 103, 105, 201, 203, 205, 271, 273, 303

Moncastro, 117, 179

Monchalovs’kyi, Osyp (1858-1906), 472, 474

Mongolia, 110, 111, 113, 125

Mongols, 14, 19, 23, 24, 170, 177, 179, 221, 222; and Kievan Rus’, 87, 110-119, 125-126; literature about, 772-773

Moniuszko, Stanislaw, 400

Montenegro, 11, 492

Morachevs’kyi, Pylyp (1806-1879), 393, 399

Moravia, 42, 76, 113, 137, 154, 168, 413, 418, 438, 446, 648, 649, 657, 659. See also Bohemia-Moravia; Moravia-Silesia

Moravian Empire. See Great Moravian

Empire

Moravia-Silesia, 648, 649, 657

Morawski, Tadeusz, 312

Mordovets’, Danylo (Daniil Mordovtsev), 312

Mordvinians, 47

Moroz, Valentyn (b. 1936), 454, 710, 711, 712; literature about, 815-816

Moscow, 13-16 passim, 23, 83, 108, 113, 119, 129, 135, 166, 171,222, 225, 227, 247, 252-260 passim, 270, 272, 273,

274, 299, 316, 345, 382, 383, 424, 469; occupied by Poles, 224; and Ukraine dur­ing the revolutionary era, 501,502, 515, 522, 52^6, 527, 53¹, 533, 534, 54⁶; ^as center of Soviet Union, 562-625 passim, 636; during World War II, 661,666, 667, 671,682, 683, 690; and Soviet Ukraine ^{after 1}945,7^O3,7^O7,7^O9, 7¹¹,7^16-723 passim; and independent Ukraine, 729; as seat of Metropolitan of Kiev and All Rus’, 73, 128, 136, 159, 160, 170 Moscow Patriarchate. See Russian Ortho­

dox Church-Moscow Patriarchate Moscow soviet, 508 Moscow University, 382 Moses, 217 Moskovskie viedomosti (journal), 392 Mosokh, 272 “Mother Russia” (concept), 470, 479, 495 Motronyn Monastery, 313 Movila, Petru. See Mohyla, Petro Moykher-Sforim, Mendele. See Abramo- vitsh, Sholem Yankev

Mstislau (Orthodox eparchy), 203, 270 Mstyslav Volodymyrovych (d. ca. 1035),

78, 79 Mstyslav I Volodymyrovych (1076-1132),

85

Mstyslav family, 123 Mstyslav. See Skrypnyk, Mstyslav MTS. See Machine and Tractor Stations Mudryi, Vasyl’ (1893-1966), 635, 641 Mukachevo (city), 76, 554, 647, 658, 687;

monastery in, 163; (Orthodox eparchy), 76; (Greek Catholic eparchy), 430, 486, 699, 741

Mukha, Petro, 140 Mullahs, 368, 545, 623 Müller, Gerhard F., 56 Multi-vectorism, 732 Munich, 657, 660; ethnic Ukrainian

diaspora in, 454, 461 Munich Pact, 657, 687, 688 Münnich, Burkhard Christoph von

(1653-1767), 286

Muscovites, 15, 201, 223, 233, 234, 239, 255, 258, 2á^î, 2⁸¹, 383, 384, 47¹

Muscovy (duchy), 24, 117, 129, 159, 160, 162, 177, 180, 185, 469; claims territory of former Kievan Rus’, 14, 19, 72, 73, 129, 135, 140, 141, 143, 222; (tsar- dom), 10, 11, 24, 129, 141, 164, 165, 171, 172, 184, 187, 190, 196, 199-206 passim, 290, 367, 738; at time of Cossack state, 209, 218-274 passim, 277, 281, 283, 286, 297, 301-311 passim, 351, 424; and Sloboda Ukraine, 225, 226, 279, 280; becomes Russian Empire, 277; emigration of Rus’-Ukrainians to, 140, 452; patriarch of, see Russian Orthodox Church-Moscow Patriarchate; literature about, 772-775, 778-780

Music, 186, 302, 354, 357, 400-401, 580, 712. See also National anthem

Muslims, 180, 182, 457. See also Islam Mussolini, Benito, 640, 656, 657

Muzhi narochitie, 91 Mycenae, 28

Mykhailivka treasure, 29

Mykhailo of Chernihiv (Mykhail Vsevo- lodovych, 1179-1246), 115; literature about, 773

Mykhal’chuk, Kostiantyn (1840-1914), 390, 391

Myklashevs’kyi family, 266

^My^kolaiv, 3^O2, 337, 342, 353, 37¹, 5¹⁰, 706, 748

Mytrak, Aleksander (1839-1913), 486

Nachman, Rabbi of Bratslav (1772-1810), 316

Nachtigall, 671

Nagorno-Karabakh, 717

Nalyvaiko, Severyn (ca. 1560-1597), 196 Namestnichestva, 290, 323

Napoleon I Bonaparte, 374, 412, 413, 696 Napoleonic Wars, 331, 332, 364, 428 Narev River, 660

Narodnaia Volia. See People’s Will Narodovtsi. See Populists in Galicia

Narva, Battle of, 258

Natalka from Poltava (opera), 381,401 National anthem: Crimean Tatar, 545;

Subcarpathian Rusyn, 648; Ukrainian, 4^O1, 739

National awakening. See Nationality ques­tion

National Christian Socialist party: in Trans­carpathia, 647

National Communism, 568

National Conference of Ukrainian Jewish Organizations, 459

National Congress of People’s Commit­tees, 687

National Council: (Narodna Rada) 477, (Narodnyi Soviet) 477, (Obshchestvo Narodnaia Rada) 485

National Democratic party (Polish).

See Polish National Democratic party (Endecja)

National Democratic party (Ukrainian).

See Ukrainian National Democratic party National Home/Narodnyi Dom: in L’viv,

440, 472, 474, 636

National minorities, 9, 419, 611, 613, 626, 630, 647, 688, 709, 716, 721-722, 738, 747, 748. See also Armenians; Belaru- sans; Bulgarians; Carpatho-Rusyns; Crimean Tatars; Czechs; Gagauz; Ger­mans; Greeks; Hungarians; Jews; Kara­ites; Krymchaks; Magyars; Moldovans; Poles; Roma; Romanians; Russians; Serbs; Slovaks; Turks

National movement. See Nationality ques­tion

National Peasant party: in Romania, 645

National Socialist German Workers’/Nazi party, 656

National State Archives: in Kiev, 521

National State Library: in Kiev, 521 National Trade Association (Narodna

Torhivlia), 473

Nationalism, 374-378. See National minorities; Nationality question; Titular nationality

Nationality districts, 611, 613, 617-620, 624, 625

Nationality question: definition of, 375-376; in Dnieper Ukraine, 378-407 passim; in Austrian Galicia, 423-429, 435-440, 467-483; in Hungarian Trans­carpathia, 429-431,441-442, 485-487; in Austrian Bukovina, 483-485; in the revolutionary era (1917-1920), 500-526 passim, 547-556 passim; in Soviet Ukraine, 569-584, 600-610 pas­sim, 694-696, 699, 703-705, 709-713, 718-719; in interwar Poland, 629-641 passim; in interwar Bukovina, 644-645; in interwar Transcarpathia, 645-651 passim, 658-660; during World War II, 670-674 passim; in independent Ukraine, 737-739; Crimean Tatar, 368, 544-546, 621-624, 721-722, 746; Moldovan, 612; Jewish, 615-617; lit­erature about, 780, 785-787, 790-792, 801, 805, 814, 818-819

National-personal autonomy, 536 Native School Society (Ridna Shkola),

637

Natsional’ni raiony. See Nationality districts NATO, 727, 73¹, 732, 733

Nauka (journal): in Galicia, 474; in Trans­carpathia, 486

Naukovyi zbornyk (journal), 650 Naumovych, Ivan (1862-1891), 470, 472, 474, 480

Navahrudak, 159, 160, 203

Nazi Germany. See Germany: interwar;

Greater Germany; Third Reich Nazis/Nazism, 656-657; in Ukrainian

lands, 658-660, 664, 669-683 Neapolis, 30, 32, 34, 36 Near East, 154, 331, 666 Nechai, Danylo (d. 1651), 215 Nechui-Levyts’kyi, Ivan (1838-1918), 399, 401, 471

Nedilia (journal), 486

Neisse River, 685

Neman River, 71, 144, 347

Nemirovsky, Irene (1903-1942), 459

Nemyrych, lurii (1612-1659), 234, 235 Nemyrych family, 266

Neo-absolutism, 443

Neoclassicism, 303

Neolithic period, 26, 28

NEP. See New Economic Policy

Neo-serfdom. See Serfdom

Nestor (“the Chronicler,” ca. 1056-1114), 56, 105

Netherlands, 366

NeueFreif. Presse (newspaper), 515

Neufeld, Dietrich, 542-543

Neva River, 258

Nevskii, Aleksander. See Aleksander Nevskii

New Economic Policy (NEP), 583, 585­588, 591-593, 610; and Jews in Ukraine, 617, 618; in Crimea, 622; literature about, 799

New Jersey: ethnic Ukrainian diaspora in, 452, 720

New Mexico, 3

New Method (Crimean Tatar) schools, 368, 458

New Odessa, Oregon: Jews from Ukraine in, 363

New Rome, 100, 102. See also Constanti­nople

New Russia (imperial province), 10, 284, 285, 29^6, 3^O2, 325, 33^8, 3⁶4, 3⁶⁶; Governor-General of, 326, 328, 330, 367, 373

New Saray (Saray-Berke), 115, 117

New Serbia, 284, 296

New Testament: translation into Ukrain­ian, 393-394

New York City, 452, 703; diaspora from Ukraine in, 455, 462

Nicholas I Romanov (1796-1855), 330, 33¹, 34^O, 382, 3⁸7, 389, 39^O, 399, 434, 697

Nicholas II Romanov (1863-1918), 330, 404, 406, 495, 499, 743

Niederle, Lubor, 41

Nightingale, Florence, 332

Nikodim, 519

Nikon, Patriarch (1605-1681), 226 Nikopol’, 29

Nistor, Ioan (1876-1962), 644, 645 Nistru River. See Dniester River

Nizhnii zemskii sud, 325

Nizhyn, 251, 256, 267, 295, 296, 371,430 NKGB, 571

NKVD, 571, 597, 619, 690, 696; literature about, 801

Noah, 59, 272

Nobility: Cossack, 265-266, 291-294; Crimean Tatar, 292, 367; Polish, 138, ¹4^8-153, ¹97, ²35, 334, 354^-355, 4^16­419 passim; Rus’, 89-92, 120, 124-125, ⁱ4^o, ¹57, ¹⁶4^-165, ¹72^-173, ¹95^-199 passim, 203, 235, 239, 253, 264, 293; Russian, 289-292 passim, 334-337, 347; literature about, 774-775, 780, 781. See also Boyars; Distinguished Military Fellows; Dvorianstvo; Gentry; Magnates; Mirza; Szlachta

Nogais’k, 370, 371

Nogay Tatars, 180, 184-185, 187, 213, 367, 457. See also Bujak Nogay; Camoy- luk Nogay; Kuban Nogay; Tatars;

Yediykul Nogay; Yedisan Nogay

Nolde, Boris E., 229

Norman Kingdom of Two Sicilies, 63 Normandy, 63

Normanist position, 56-57; literature about, 769-770

Norsemen. See Varangians

North America, 16, 596, 633, 678, 723, 746; diasporas from Ukraine in, 21, 421 452, 453, 454, 45^8-4⁶3 p^assim, 658, 690, 742, 745. See also Canada; United States

North Sea, 59 Norway, 61, 81, 377 Nova Sich, 263, 283

November [Polish] Insurrection. See Polish

Uprising: of 1830-1831

Novgorod (town, city), 14, 58, 60, 65, 71, 7^8, 79, ⁸9, 93, 9^6, 97, ¹¹3, ⁶⁶⁶; ⁽P^rin­cipality), 71, 72, 82, 84, 85, 110, 115, 117, 119, 124, 125, 126, 128, 129, 135, 221, 272; (region), 57, 60, 69, 87, 88; (Orthodox eparchy), 77, 301

Novgorod First Chronicle, 56, 59, 60 Novhorod-Sivers’kyi (town), 108, 140,

251, 271; monastery in, 162; Jesuit school in, 204; Orthodox seminary in, 302; (principality), 87, 113, 136, 140; (imperial province), 290 Novomyrhorod, 284

Novorosiiskaia guberniia. See New Russia Novyi svit (newspaper), 486

Novyi Zlatopil’, 617 Novyny (journal), 439 Nowy Sgcz, 421 Nuclear power, 706, 718 Nyva (journal), 471

Obolensky, Dimitri, 101; on origin of Rus’, 56

Obrok, 339 Obshcherusskii iazyk. See Common Russian language

Obshcherusskii narod. See Common Russian nationality/people

Obshchestvo Narodnaia Rada, 485 Obshchina, 340, 341

Oder River, 41,42, 43, 685

Odessa (city), 6, 7, 9, 285, 327, 328, 342, 345, 34^8, 353, 37^O, 5^o8, 5¹⁰, 522, 531, 532, 59^O, ^{616, 6}25, 7¹3, 73¹, 74⁸; French in, 373; Russians in, 353, 748; Greeks in, 371, 372, 624; Jews in, 361, 459, 460, 617, 618, 678; Germans in, 620; Romanian rule in, 667, 678;

(imperial province), 396; (oblast), 589, 739; literature about, 783, 784, 807 Odessa University, 405, 521, 578 Odessauer Zeitung (newspaper), 365 Odinets, Dmitrii, 540 Odoacer, 58

Oghuz Turkic language, 181-182, 622 Ohiienko, Ivan. See Ilarion (Ivan Ohi- ienko)

Ohloblyn, Oleksander (1899-1992), 230, ²54, 57⁸

Ohonovs’kyi, Omelian (1833-1894), 106, 471

Oka River, 43

Okhtyrka: (town), 225, 226; (regiment), 279

Okinshevych, Lev (1898-1980), 230 Okruhy: creation of, 576; abolition of, 588 Olaf, 81

^Olbia, 3^O, 32, 35

Old Believers/Old Ritualists, 351,353, 484

Old Bulgarian language, 107-108

Old Hromada, 402

Old Macedonian language, 107

Old Ritualists. See Old Believers

“Old Russian language” (drevnerusskii iazyk), concept of, 23; (term) 106

“Old Russian nationality” (drevnerusskii narod), concept of, 23; (term) 11

Old Ruthenians/Old Ruthenianism, 468-469; in Austrian Galicia, 471-480; in Austrian Bukovina, 484-485, 487; in interwar Poland, 638; literature about, 791

Old Saray. See Saray

Old Slavonic language, 100, 105-107 Oleh Sviatoslavych (d. 977), 71 Oleh/Helgi (d. 912/922), 60, 66-69 pas­

sim, 76, 89, 95, 96, 202

Oleksandrivs’k, 364, 577. See also Zapor- izhzhia/Oleksandrivs’k

Oleshky, 263, 281, 283 Ol’ha/Helga/Helena (ca. 890-969), 66,

68, 74, 76, 77, 89, 102

Oliinyk, Borys (b.1935), 712 Ol’shavs’kyi, Mykhail (1697-1767), 430

Olyka, 310

Omelianovych-Pavlenko, Mykhailo (1878­¹952⁾, 55^O

Onciul, Aurel, 553

Onega, Lake, 63, 666

Onogurs, 47

Opera. See Theater

Operation Barbarossa, 666

Opryshky, 311

Or Kapi, 185, 213. See also Perekop Orange Revolution, 726, 732-736, 737;

literature about, 821

Oregon, 363

Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN): founded, 639; in interwar period, 640-641, 665; during World War II, 670-674 passim, 678, 681. See also Banderites; Melnykites

Oriental Institute, 622

Oril’ River, 257 Orlai, Ivan S. (1771-1829), 430, 431 Orlando, Vittorio Emanuele, 559 Orlyk, Pylyp (1672-1742), 261-263, 277, 301, 307, 452; literature about, 781

Orthodox Church/Orthodoxy: and Byzan­tium, 72-73, 104, 167; in Kievan Rus’, 127-129; under Mongol rule, 115; in Lithuania, 136, 139-141, 145, 157; in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 158­166, 169-176, 197, 204-205, 206, 213, 219, 225, 227, 235, 310-313, (and the Cossacks) 196, 201-205, 209, 217-218, 221; and Muscovy, 158-160, 172, 205, 222, 225-227, 234; in Cossack state and Hetmanate, 256, 266-268, 270-274, 293, 295, 299-302; in Dnieper Ukraine, 292, 34^O, 35¹, 3⁶9^-37^o, 37^1-372, 398-400, 405; in Austrian Galicia, 480, 494-495; in Austrian Bukovina, 429; in Hungarian Transcarpathia, 494; in the revolutionary period (1917-1920), 519, 521-522; in Soviet Ukraine, 581-583, 602, 698-699, 720; in interwar Poland, 638, 639; in interwar Bukovina, 644; in interwar Transcarpathia, 650-651; during World War II, 664, 673-674; in independent Ukraine, 741-744; and diaspora groups from Ukraine, 453, 461-462, 720; literature about, 765, 771-773, 776-778, 796, 807, 816, 817. See also individual jurisdictions; Patriar­chate

Orthodox Church in America (OCA),

462. See also Ukrainian Orthodox Church in America

Osadchyi, Mykhailo (1936-1994), 711; literature about, 816

Osadtsa, Mykhailo (1836-1865), 471 Osnova (journal), 20, 391, 392 Ossolineum, 456, 463

Ostarbeiter (Eastern Workers), 679, 684, 688 Oster, 251, 256, 267

Ostpolizei, 671

Ostrianyn/Ostianytsia, lakiv (d. 1641),

196, 206 Ostrogoths, 35 Ostrogozhsk regiment, 279 Ostrogski family. See Ostroz’kyi family Ostroh, 164, 169, 204, 215, 310; (Ortho­dox eparchy), see Luts’k-Ostroh eparchy Ostroh Academy, 165, 169, 172, 201 Ostroh Bible, 165, 169

Ostroz’kyi, Kostiantyn I. (1463-1533), 164 Ostroz’kyi, Kostiantyn/Vasyl’ K. (1526­

1608), 151, 165, 172, 173, 176 Ostroz’kyi/Ostrogski family, 165, 195, 204 Otaman, 195, 244, 245, 283, 369, 529 Otrub, 344

Ottoman Empire, 24, 156, 262, 274, 277, 296, 307, 325, 364, 369, 370, 457, 458, 466, 514; and Crimea, 179-181, 184­¹⁸7, 29^Ο, 3⁶7, 3^68, 457, 45^8, 544^-545; and Cossacks/Cossack state, 196, 197, 200, 205, 219, 221, 227, 233, 239, 241, 242, 263, 264, 269, 284, 285, 297, 337; and Muscovy, 171, 253, 258; and Rus­sian Empire and, 279-289 passim, 492; and Bukovina, 411; and Crimean War, 332; and World War I, 491,492, 493; literature about, 766, 775

Ottoman Turkey, 281, 331, 559, 655

Ottoman Turks, 14, 101, 162, 170, 179, 183, 186, 200, 201, 206, 242, 243, 255, 263, 318, 413. See also Turks

Oudovichenko (Oleksander Udovichenko, ¹⁸⁸7^-1975⁾, 53⁸

OUN. See Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists

OUN-B. See Banderites

OUN-M. See Melnykites

Our Ukraine, 727, 732

Ovruch, 204

Ozers’kyi, Syluan, 273

OZET, 616

Pacific Ocean/Pacific coast, 111,469, 725 Pacification: of the Greek Faith, 203, 204;

of Haidamaks, 317; of Galician Ukrain­ians, 639, 641

Paderewski, Ignacy Jan (1860-1941), 357, 551

Paganism/Pagans, 59, 68, 74, 79, 94, 133, ¹35, 74¹

Painting (medieval), 104, 163; (baroque), 3^o4; ^(modern), 354, 357, 5⁸⁰

Paisios, 217, 218

Palacky, Frantisek, 438, 439

Palanky, 283

Palatinate (Rheinland Pfalz), 364, 421

Palatinate (wojewodztwa), 146, 147, 149, 237, 238, 307, 308, 416, 626

Pale of Settlement, 358, 362

Paleolithic, 26

Paleologos family, 372

Palestine, 363, 460, 465

Palii, Semen (Semen Hurko, 1640s- 1710), 307

Palienko, Mykola (1896-1944), 538

Paneiko, Vasyl’ (1883-1956), 561 Pan’kevych, Ivan (1887-1958), 651

Pankovych, Stefan (1820-1874), 486

Pannonia, 29, 35, 58

Pannonian Plain, 36, 41, 43, 45

Panshchyna, 339

Pans 'ka rada. See Council of Lords

Pan-Slavism, 15, 392, 427, 492 Panticapaeum/Bospor, 30

Pany, 146

Papacy, 167, 242, 256

Papal States, 167

Paradzhanov, Serhii (1924-1990), 705

^Paris, 433, 544, 55¹, 559, 5⁶2; ^diasp^ora from Ukraine in, 455, 462, 535, 561

Paris Peace Conference (1919-1921), 55^O, 55¹, 552, 555, 559, 5⁶¹, 626, 655; literature about, 803

Parliament: in Russian Empire, see Duma; in Habsburg Austria (Reieh.sml), 446, 447, 484, 485, 553; (Reichstag) 433, 437-438, 440, 442; in Habsburg Hungary (diet), 414, 434; in interwar Poland (Sejm and Senat), 626, 628, 631, 634, 636; in interwar Czechoslovakia (Poslanecka Snemovna and Senat), 646, 647; in interwar Germany (Reichstag), 656; in Soviet Ukraine, see Supreme Soviet (Verkhovna Rada); in independ­ent Ukraine, see Supreme Council (Verkhovna Rada)

Partisans: in revolutionary era (1971­1920), 538; in World War II, 670, 672, 679-682, 691; Ukrainian, see Ukrainian Insurgent Army; literature about, 811 Partitions of Poland, 18, 317-320, 354^-355; ^{First (1}772⁾, 3¹⁸, 3⁶⁶, 4¹¹; Second (1793), 300, 318, 338; Third ⁽¹795⁾, 3⁰⁰, 3¹⁸, 323, 33⁸

Party of Regions, 727, 738, 748 Partyts’kyi, Omelian (1840-1895), 471 Pasternak, Boris, 703

Paszkiewicz, Henryk, 57 Paterik, 105, 271, 770 Patriarchate: of Alexandria, 163, 165; of

Antioch, 163, 165, 166; of Constantino- ple/Ecumenical Patriarchate, 163, 171, 453, 462; ofJerusalem, 163, 165, 202, 217, 221; of Moscow, see Russian Ortho­dox Church Moscow-Patriarchate

Petrov. See Petriv, Vsevolod

Paul I Romanov (1754-1801), 335, 338 Pauli, Zegota (1814-1895), 427, 456 Pavliuk-But, Pavlo (d.1638), 196, 206 Pavlovs’kyi, Oleksii (1773-ca. 1822), 380 Pavlychko, Dmytro (b. 1929), 712, 719 Pavlyk, Mykhailo (1853-1915), 476, 477, 480, 493

Pax Austriae, 488

Pax Chazarica, 45-48, 50, 63, 65, 68, 69

Pax Mongolica, 111, 115, 117-iig, 125,

129, ¹33

Pax Romana, 32, 34 Pax Scythica, 32-34 Pchola (journal), 439

Peasant Union (Selsoiuz): in Volhynia, 636 Peasantry/Peasants: in Kievan Rus’, 90,

93-94; in Polish-Lithuanian Com­monwealth, 145, 149-153, 190-191, ¹93, ¹97, 2¹3^-2¹4, 2¹9, 225, 3¹⁰, 312; in Crimean Khanate, 182; in Cos­sack state/Hetmanate, 265, 267-268, 294-295; in Dnieper Ukraine, 336-342, 398; in Austrian Galicia, 417-418, 450-451; during the revolutionary era (1917-1920), 529-530, 542; in interwar Galicia, 628-629; in Soviet Ukraine, 586-587, 592-595; literature about, 782, 790, 795. See also Serfdom Pechenegs, 62, 66, 67, 68, 78, 79, 83, 94,

96, 98, 188; literature about, 772 Pechers’ka Lavra. See Monastery of the

Caves

Pedrell, Felipe, 255 Pelech, Orest, 392 Pelekhatyi, Kuzma (1886-1952), 636 Pelenski, Jaroslaw (b. 1929), 215 Peloponnesos, 101 Pen’kivka culture, 43, 45 Pentacostals, 741, 744; literature about,

817

People’s Congress (U.S.S.R), 716 People’s Secretariat (Narodnyi Sekretar­

iat), 511

People’s Will (Narodnaia Volia), 361 Pereiaslav (town), 44, 57, 72, 108, 227,

251, 256, 267, 273; Battle of, 200; Greeks in, 372; Orthodox seminary in, 302; (principality), 71, 72, 79-87 passim, 108, 112, 114, 120, 136, 141, 188, 189; (Orthodox eparchy), 81, 271, 300, 311, 313, 673

Pereiaslav, Agreement of, 22, 226-233 pas­sim, 245, 251, 260, 266, 286, 287, 704;

revised articles of, 230, 251; commemo­ration in 1954 of, 22, 703; literature about, 779

Pereiaslavets’, 68

Perekop, 181, 185, 213, 669

Peremyshl’. See PrzemySl/Peremyshl’ Peremyshliany, 420

Peresichen’, 49

Peresopnytsia Gospel, 169 Perestroika, 715, 716, 717

Peretts, Vladimir (1870-1935), 353 Perl, Josef (1777-1839), 420

Pernal, Andrew, 236

Persia, 33, 111, 117, 281

Persians, 37, 38, 47

Perun, 50, 74

Pervomais’k, 625

Pervomais’kyi, Leonid (Illia Hurevych, 1908-1973), 618

Peter I Romanov (1672-1725), 73, 253, 257, 25^8, 259, 2⁶3, 277, 279, 29^³, 298, 307; and Mazepa, 253, 257, 259, 260, 262, 519; and Cossacks, 259, 281, 283, 286; and Hetmanate, 286, 288, 298; and Orthodox Church, 288, 299, 521; and Shevchenko, 385-386

Peter III Romanov (1728-1762), 289

Petliura, Symon (1879-1926), 404, 512, 520 522, 523, 525, 529^-535 P^assim, 552; ^{and Poles}, 532, 534, 552; ^and p^og^roms, 537-539; ^{in exile}, 454, 535, 552, 606; literature about, 794, 797

Petrino, Alexandru, 466

Petriv, Vsevolod (1883-1948), 538

Petrograd, 498-512 passim, 515, 530. See also Saint Petersburg

Petrov, Viktor (1894-1969), 28

Petrograd Soviet, 498, 499, 508, 509, 511 Petrushevych, Antin (1821-1913), 474 Petrushevych, Ievhen (1863-1940), 497,

532, 533, 54^8, 55^o; ^{in exile}, 454, 552, 631, 636

Petryk (Petro Ivanenko), 257, 258 Petryts’kyi, Anatolii (1895-1964), 580 Phanagoria, 30

Philike Hetaira, 372

Photius, 76

Piast dynasty, 137, 138, 147

Piatakov, Georgii (1890-1937), 526

Pidhirhyi, Mykola (Nikolai Podgornyi,

¹9^O3^-19⁸3⁾, 7^O2

Pidhirtsi treasure, 29

Pidkova, Ivan (Ioan Nicoara Potcoava, d.

¹57⁸⁾, 3⁶9

Pidmohyl’nyi, Valeriian (1901-1937),

603

Pieracki, Bronislaw (1895-1934), 640

Pihuliak, lerotei (1851-1924), 485

Pihuliak, lustyn (1845-1919), 485

Pilica River, 411

^Pilsudski, J6z^{ef (i86}7^-i935⁾, 533, 534, 630

Pininski, Leon (1857-1938), 495

Pinsk: (principality). See Turau-Pinsk

Pinsk-Turau (Orthodox eparchy), 160, 202; (Uniate eparchy), 203

Piotrk6w, 149

Pipes, Richard, 524

Pisa, 99

Pisots’kyi, Anatolii. See Richyts’kyi, Andrii

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 554

Plast scouting movement, 637, 638

Plattdeutsch (Low German) language, 9, 366

Pletenets’kyi, lelysei (1550-1624), 201

Pliushch, Leonid (b. 1939), 454, 710, 712; literature about, 816

Ploe^ti, 666

Ploshchans’kyi, Venedikt (1834-1902), 472, 480

Pluh. See Association of Revolutionary Peasant Writers

Pluzhnyk, Ievhen (1898-1936), 603, 704 Poale Tsyion. See Workers of Zion party Pochaiv: monastery, 162, 271, 303, 311,

674

Podgornyi, Nikolai. See Pidhirhyi, Mykola

Pochep, 296, 297, 347

Podhorodecki, Leszek, 18

Podil, 303

Podkarpatska Rus’. See Subcarpathian Rus’

Podlachia, 10, 135, 141, 164, 562, 626,

627, 628, 639, 661, 664

Podolia (principality), 136, 140; (palati­nate), 141, 143, 151, 190, 216, 238, 24¹, 242, 3^O7, 3¹⁰, 3¹2, 3¹3, 3^16, 3¹7,

319, 320, 411; (imperial province),

320, 325, 326, 330, 334, 343, 345, 34^8, 354, 3⁶9, 3⁸9, 42^O, 5^O7, 5^O9, 5^16, 519; (Orthodox eparchy), 399, 405; ^(reg^ion), 7, 27, 49, ¹2^{6, 1}37, 151, ¹57, 188, 191, 193, 200, 220, 277, 300, 309, 357, 3⁶⁰, 3⁶¹, 37^O, 45¹, 53¹, 532, 533, 671, 681, 696; literature about, 774

Podolians, 456

Podolyns’kyi, Serhii (1850-1891), 401 Pogodin, Mikhail D. (1800-1875), 15, 17,

¹9, 5^{6, 11}9, 42⁶

Pogroms: during Kmel’nyts’kyi upris­ing, 215-216; and Haidamak revolts, 314-317; in Dnieper Ukraine, 361-363; during the revolutionary era (1917- ¹92^o), 53^O, 537^-539, ^(anti-G^erman/ Mennonite), 541-543; during World War II, 676-678; literature about, 779, 784, 797

Pokas, Hryhorii (d. ca. 1780), 305 Pokhidni hrupy. See Expeditionary groups Pokrovskii, Mikhail N., 56

Poland, 7, 11, 12, 13, 16-19 passim, 23, 24, 35, 39, 100, 113, 133-176 passim, 178, 180, 185, 187, 190, 194, 195-242, 256, 258-260, 277, 279, 287, 293, ²9^6-3^O3 P^assim, 3^O7, 3^O9^-3¹3, 3¹7^­320 323, 33^8, 35^6-35^8, 394, 39^8, 399, 4¹¹, 4¹3, 4^16, 42^O, 424, 42^6, 433, 439, 452, 45^6, 4⁶2, 4⁶3, 4^68, 5⁰⁰, 5¹2, 525, 53^2-535, 547, 55^O-55², 555, 559, 5⁶¹, 562, 568, 602, 644, 645, 648, 655, 657, 660-665, 666, 672, 674, 675, 681, 685, ⁶9^8-699, 7^O1, 7^16, 72¹, 73¹, 73^6, 74⁸; and early Slavic settlements, 41-42; and Kievan Rus’, 17, 81, 99; and Galicia- Volhynia, 120-130 passim; social and administrative structure of, 145-155, 224; relations with Lithuania, 136-143; and the Cossacks, 195-200 passim, 223-227, 231-274 passim; Congress Kmg^m, 325, 33¹, 355, 54⁰; ^inter­war, 626-641; Ukrainians in post World War II Poland, 10, 689, 697; Jews resettled from Ukraine in, 690; Poles resettled from Ukraine in, 688-689; literature about, 765-766, 773-774, 802-803. See also Partitions of Poland; Polish-Lithuanian Common­wealth

Poland-Lithuania. See Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Polatsk/Polotsk (town), 89, 141; (principality), 71, 72, 82, 83, 135, 189; (Uniate eparchy), 203; (Uniate metro­politanate), 204, 399

Polatsk-Vitebsk (Orthodox eparchy), 77, 160, 202

Poles: 9, 17-20, 23, 71, 72, 74, 78, 121, 124-126, 135, 139, 141, 187, 200, 202, 206, 210-213, 214, 216-220, 223, 225, 229, 232^-235, 23^8, 239, 245, 24^6, 259, 3^O5, 3^o7^-3¹¹, 3¹4^-3¹7, 3¹⁸; in Dnieper Ukraine, 332, 334, 335, 354^-357, 373, 3⁸², 3⁸9^-39^O, 393^-39⁸ passim, 433, 507, 515, 540, 541, 551, 619; in Austrian Galicia, 415-417, 419, 433, 435, 437, 439, 445-450, 455-456, 476-479 passim, 547; in Austrian Bukovina, 483-485; in revolutionary ^era, 532^-534, 54^O-54¹, 549, 55^O-552, 561; in Soviet Ukraine, 611, 619-620, 664, 665, 688, 721; in interwar Poland and Romania, 629-631, 641, 644, 662; during World War II, 674, 677, 681, 682; from Ukraine resettled to Poland, 463-464, 688-689; from Ukraine to other countries, 463; in independent Ukraine, 741, 745; literature about, 788, 790, 803, 806, 810-811, 812 Poletyka, Vasyl’ (1765-1845), 380 Polianians, 45, 46, 49, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 65, 66

Polish Academy of Sciences. See Academy of Sciences: Polish

Polish Army. See also Home Army

Polish corridor, 660

Polish Democratic Center, 540

Polish Executive Committee, 540, 541

Polish Historical Society, 456

Polish language, 7, 17, 108, 152, 157, ¹⁶2, ¹⁸ç, ¹9^o, 27^³, ç^î4, ç¹⁰, 355-357 passim, 382, 389-390 passim, 396, 423, 425^-428 p^assim, 43¹, 435, 439, 445, 446, 448-450, 456, 463, 468, 475, 485, 604, 619, 637, 663, 721, 747

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 6, 12, 17, 72, 73, 143, 144-177 passim, 196, 206, 209, 216, 220, 223, 231-239 passim, 245, 277, 307-320 passim, 357, 35^8, 39^8, 4¹7, 4¹9, 424, 45^6, 553, ⁶3^o; creation of, 141-142. See also Partitions of Poland; Poland

Polish Military Organization, 619

Polish National Council, 435

Polish National Democratic party- Endecja/Endeks, 456, 541, 630

Polish Operation, 619

Polish Peasant Party, 456

Polish revolt/uprising: in the Russian Empire, (November Insurrection, ¹⁸3^O-183¹⁾ 355, 382, 389, 397, 42^8, 433, (January Insurrection, 1863-1864) 342, 355, 394; in the Austrian Empire ⁽¹⁸4⁶⁾, 433, 435

Polish Riflemen Association, 456

Polish Social Democratic party, 456 Polish-Soviet war (1919-1920), 534, 562,

619, 630

Polish Union of Active Struggle, 456

Polish-Ukrainian war: in Galicia (1918­

¹9¹9⁾, 532, 549^-55¹, 559, ⁶3¹; ^under­ground (1942-1945), 681-682

Polissia, 7; in interwar Poland, 562, 626­632 passim, 637, 639; in Soviet Ukraine and Soviet Belorussia, 661, 681

Political thought, 19-21, 386-387, 402-403, 477-481 passim, 570-573, 635-636, 640, 710, 719-720; litera­ture about, 804. See also Communism; Nationalism

Poliudie. See Tribute

Polonophiles, 465, 468

Polons’ka-Vasylenko, Nataliia (1884­¹973⁾, 43, 254, 2⁸⁸

Polotsk. See Polatsk/Polotsk

Polots’kyi, Symeon (1629-1680), 273

Polovtsians (Cumans/Kipyaks/Qipyaqs), 79, 83, 84, 87, 90, 93, 94, 96, 108-109, 111, 113, 114, 119, 123, 124, 188; literature about, 772

Pol'ovyky, 56

Poloz, Mykhailo (1890-1937), 605, 606 Polski Komitet Wykonawczy na Rusi, 540 Poltava (city), 251, 302, 391, 405, 521,

684; (Cossack regiment), 260; (imperial p^rovince), 325, 32^6, 33^o, 334, 5^o7, 5^o9, 516, 519; (region), 7, 234; (Orthodox eparchy), 300, 393, 399

Poltava, Battle of, 262, 263; Pushkin on, 254

Polubotok, Pavlo (ca. 1660-1724), 287;

Shevchenko on, 285-286

Pomerania, 685

Pomeranians, 44

Pontic steppes, 65

Pontic watershed, 5

Popovych, Omelian (1856-1930), 484, 485, 553

Popular Movement of Ukraine for Restruc­turing. See Rukh

Population growth. See Demography Populism/Populists: in Russia (narodniki), 341; in Dnieper Ukraine, 390, 391, 394, 397; in Austrian Galicia (narodovtsi), 471-472, 477; in Austrian Bukovina, 484. See also Ukrainophiles/Ukraino- philism

Poraiko, Vasyl’ (1888-1937), 606

Porphyrogenesis (term), 77 Porphyrogenitus, Constantine. See Con­stantine VII Porphyrogenitus

Porsh, Mykola (1879-1944), 404, 502 Portugal, 13, 61, 156

Posol’skii prikaz. See Central Ministry for

Foreign Affairs

Pospolite ruszenie, 148

Possevino, Antonio, 170

Postyshev, Pavel (1887-1939), 603, 604, 607

Potcoava, Ioan Nicoara. See Pidkova, Ivan

Potebnia, Oleksander (1835-1891), 400

Potemkin, Grigorii (1739-1791), 285; literature about, 782

Potii, Ipatii (Adam, 1541-1613), 172, 173, 176, 202

Potocki, Andrzej (1861-1908), 479

Potocki, Mikolaj (1594-1651), 200, 213

Potocki, Stanislaw Rewera (1579-1667),

200

Potocki, Stanislaw (Szczesny, 1752-1805),

310

Potocki, Stefan (d. 1648), 213

Potocki family, 309, 310, 348

Poviest' vremennykh liet. See Primary Chronicle

^Povity ¹4^6, 323, 325, 327, 443

Powiaty, 443, 626

Pozharskii, Dmitrii, 694

Poznan, 156

Poznans’kyi, Borys (1841-1906), 390

^Prag^ue, 4¹4, 429, 434, 43^8, 439, 554, 5⁶¹, 647, 648, 649, 657, 659, 688; ethnic Ukrainian diaspora in, 58, 454, 631, 646, 658

Pravda (journal), 471

Pravda Russkaia. See Rus' Law

Pravoslavnaia Bukovina (newspaper), 485 Pravoslavnaia Rus', (newspaper), 485 Presidium of the Congress of Soviets /

Supreme Soviet of USSR, 566

Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, 566, 567, 708

Presniakov, Aleksander, 21

Presov (city), 554, 699; (region), 10, 411, 462, 646; (Greek Catholic eparchy), 486

Prikarpatskaia Rus' (newspaper), 472

Primary Chronicle (Poviest' vremennykh liet), 66, 68, 82, 84, 105, 108, 121, 123, 189;

about Slavs, 41, 59, 60; and origins of Rus’, 51, 56, 65; and Christianity, 75, 77 Princeton University, 461 Pripet Marshes, 41, 44 Pripet River, 10, 41, 213, 346

Printing and publishing. See Book produc­tion and publishing

Pritsak, Omeljan (1919-2006), 58, 59, 108

Procopius, 39, 42

Prodan, Vasyl’ (1809-1882), 484, 485 Profshkoly, 579

Prokofiev, Sergei (1891-1953), 354 Prokopovych, Teofan (1681-1736), 273, 274, 301, 304; literature about, 780 Propinatsiia, 147

Proskurov, 538

Prosvita Society: in Dnieper Ukraine, 405, 406; in Austrian Galicia, 473, 474, 484; in interwar Galicia and Volhynia, 631, 633, 638; in interwar Subcarpathian Rus’, 650; in interwar Bessarabia, 642; during World War II, 660, 672, 678 Protectorate of Bohemia-Moravia. See Bohemia-Moravia: Protectorate of Protestantism/Protestants, 167-169, 234; in Ukrainian lands, 169, 173, 365­366, 741, 744; literature about, 778, 783, 817. See also Baptists; Calvinism; Lutheranism; Mennonites; Pentecostals; Seventh-Day Adventists; Socinians Provincial Audit Union (Kraiovyi Soiuz Reviziinyi), 473

Provincial Credit Union (Tsentrobank), 473

Provincial Dairy Union (Maslosoiuz), 473, 632

Provisional Government: Russian, 508, 509, 530, 544, 545; Soviet Ukrainian, 527

Provisional State Secretariat (West Ukrain­ian National Republic), 550

Prussia, 18, 168, 233, 259, 317, 318, 331, 364, 366, 428, 660, 675, 685; defeats Austria, 446, 480

Prussians, 133, 135, 463

Prut River, 263 Pryluky, 162

Prymors’k, 370

PrzemySl/Peremyshl’ (city), 49, 71, 121, 426, 450, 465, 475; (Greek Catholic/ Uniate eparchy), 311,424, 475, 638, 699; (brotherhood), 166; literature about, 792, 811

PrzemySl-Sambir (Orthodox eparchy), 76, 128, 159, 160, 173, 176, 202, 203, 225, 23^6, 3¹¹

Pskov (city), 14, 272, 301; (principality), 189

Publishing. See Book production and publishing

Pugachev rebellion, 284 Puliui, Ivan (1845-1918), 399

Pushkar, Martin (d. 1658), 234 Pushkin, Aleksandr, 253, 385, 392

Putin, Vladimir, 732, 733 Putivl’, 109, 225

Pyliavtsi, 217

Pylypenko, Serhii (1891-1943), 581, 603

QaraKun (The Black Day), 690

Qazaq, 191

Quebec, 749

Qipyaq clan. See Kipyak clan

Qipyaq Khanate. See Kipyak Khanate Qipyaqs. See Polovtsians

Rabinowitz, Shalom. See Sholom Aleichem Rada: of Cossacks, 195, 244, 247-250 passim. See also Central Rada; Council of Officers; Supreme Council; Supreme Ruthenian Council; Supreme Council Soviet; Supreme Ukrainian Council

Rada (newspaper), 404

Rada starshyn. See Council of Officers Radimichians, 47, 66, 71

Radnarhosp, 707

Radyvylovs’kyi, Antonii (d.1698), 271 Radziwill, Janusz, 218, 219, 233

Radziwill family, 168, 310

Raevskii, Mikhail F. (1811-1884), 479 Rahoza, Mykhail (ca. 1540-1599), 172,

¹73

Raili family, 372

Raion, 566, 576, 613

Räkoczi, Gyorgy. See Gyorgy II Räkoczi Rakovskii, Khristiian (1873-1941), 522,

527, 529, 563, 568, 569, 605; literature about, 799

Rakushka, Roman (1622-1703), 305 Ranians, 50

Rapaport, Shloyme Zainvil. See An-ski, S.

Rastrelli, Bartolomeo-Francesco (1700­¹77¹⁾, 3^O3

Rastsvet (flowering), 709, 710 Rawita-Gawronski, Franciszek, 17, 312 Razumovskii, Aleksei (1748-1822), 335 Razumovskii, Andrei (1752-1836), 335 Rebet, Lev (1912-1957), 640

^{Red Arm}y, 5¹2, 529, 53^O, 5⁶2, 5⁶5, 567, 574, 604, 661, 688, 701; in Civil War, 531, 546; and Polish-Soviet war, 533-534; in western Ukraine, 661, 664; Ukrainian fronts of, 694; during World War II, 681-688 passim, 699. See also Soviet Army

Red Cavalry, The (novel), 534

Red Galician Ukrainian Army, 533

Red Guards, 508, 509, 512, 516

Red Rus’. See Rus’-Galicia palatinate Redl, Alfred (1864-1913), 482-483 Reformation, 157, 167-169, 183, 744 Reformatskii, Sergei (1860-1934), 353 Reformed Calvinists. See Calvinists Regional economic councils. See Economic councils

Regionalism, 707, 708-709, 727, 729, 747-749; literature about, 819-820

Reichskommissariat Ukraine, 669, 673, 675, 678, 679; literature about, 807

Reichsrat/Reichstag. See Parliament: Aus­trian

Religion: in pre-Kievan period, 50; in Kievan Rus’, 68, 75-78, 92, 100-104, 127-128; Polish-Lithuanian-Crimean

period, 158-176 passim, 180, 183, 201-205; in Muscovy, 222; in the Cossack state/Hetmanate, 266-267, 270-274; in Dnieper Ukraine, 299-305 p^assim, 351-353, 354^-355, 3^6o-3⁶¹, Ç98-400; in Austrian Galicia, 420-422, 423-426 passim, 475-476; in Hungarian Transcarpathia, 430; during the revo­lutionary era (1917-1920), 521-522; in Soviet Ukraine, 581-583, 602, 663, 673-674, 697-699, 712, 720, 721; in interwar Galicia and Transcarpathia, 638-639, 650-651; in independent Ukraine, 740-744; literature about, 7⁶5, 77^1-773, 77^6-77^8, 7⁸3, 79^1-792, 796, 802, 804, 806, 807, 813-814, 816, 817. See also Greek Catholic Church/ Greek Catholicism; Hasidism; Islam; Mennonites; Old Believers; Orthodox Church/Orthodoxy; Paganism; Protes- tantism/Protestants; Roman Catholi- cism/Catholics; Sabbatianism Renaissance, 157, 163, 169, 304 Renner, Karl, 403, 536 Renovationist Church. See Ukrainian

Orthodox (Synodal) Church Repin, Ilia (1844-1930), 354 Republican Council (Soviet) of Workers,

Peasants, and the Black Sea Fleet, 621 Respublyka Rad Ukrainy, 511 Revai, luliian (1899-1979), 651, 658 Revolution. See Bolshevik Revolution

(of 1917) in Russia; February Revo­lution; French Revolution; Orange Revolution

Revolution of 1848, 431,432-443; litera­ture about, 790

Revolution of 1905, 329, 332, 344, 404 Revolutionary Ukrainian party, 402, 403,

477 Revutsky, Avrom (1889-1946), 537 Revuts’kyi, Lev (1889-1977), 580 Rex Russiae, 126

Rex Ruthenorum, 58 Rhaetia, 58

Rhine River, 364 Rhineland, 656 Rhone River, 58 Rhosia (term), 81 Rialto, 118 Riazan’, 113, 301 Ribas, Giuseppe/Joseph de (1749-1800),

285

Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact, 660, 661, 666, 675

Richelieu, Armand-Emmanuel de (1766­

¹⁸22), 373 Richelieu lycee, 373, 430 Richyts’kyi, Andrii (Anatolii Pisots’kyi,

¹⁸9^o-1934⁾, ^6o3 Ridna Shkola. See Native School Society Ridna sprava-Visti z Dumy (newspaper),

406 Ridnyi krai (newspaper), 405 Rieger, Frantisek, 438 Riga, Treaty of, 534, 535, 562, 626 Rigel’man, Aleksandr, 380 Right Bank, 18, 41, 241, 242, 245, 246,

247, 25¹, 255, 257, 259, 2⁶2, 263, 2⁶7, 269, 277, 279, 283, 296, 297, 300, 302, 3^06, 3⁰7^-3²⁰, 334^-345 passim, 3⁶9, 382, 39^8, 52^6, 57^{6, 68}3, 7^O5, 720 g^ov­ernor-general for, 330; khlopomany in, 389-390; Ukrainian national movement in, 392, 393; Germans in, 668, 675; Jews ⁱⁿ, 2⁶4, 3^O9, 3^16, 339, 357^-3⁶O ⁶¹⁶; Poles in, see Poles: in Dnieper Ukraine; literature about, 766, 780, 782, 784, 788 Rinaldi, Antonio, 303 Rittner, Thaddäus (1873-1921), 421 Riuryk/Hroerkr (d. 879), 14, 58, 59, 60,

69, 72, 90 Riuryk/Riurykide dynasty, 14, 58, 72, 83,

90, 144, 222 Rivne, 372, 387, 531, 669, 706 Rococo, 303 Roden’, 47, 49, 57 Rodez, 59 Rohach, Ivan (1913-1942), 658 Rohatyn, 166, 420

Rohatynets’, lurii (d. 1608), 176 Rokeah (Hasidic) dynasty, 421 Roksolana/Hurrem (d. 1558), 185 Roland Division, 671

Roma, 9. See also Gypsies

Roman alphabet. See Alphabet: Roman Roman Catholicism/Catholics, 117,

¹27-¹29, ¹33, ¹37, ¹45^-149, ¹⁶4, ¹⁶5, 167, 168, 204, 205, 213, 216, 217, 233, 235, 2⁶4, 27^Ο, 3^Ο3, 3¹¹, 3¹2, 3¹7, 373, 424, 425, 42^6, 429, 43^O, 447, 475; ^and Kievan Rus’, 121, 126; and Lithuania, 135, 139-140; and the Orthodox Rus’ in Poland- Lithuania, 157-162, 169-176 passim, 310, 316; in Dnieper Ukraine, 354-355, 365, 398; in Austrian Galicia, 416, 419, 421, 422; in Soviet Ukraine, 619, 620, 699, 721; in independent Ukraine, 741, 742

Roman Empire, 14, 31, 34, 36, 61, 101, 167. See also Byzantine, Eastern Roman Empire

Roman Kosh, 5

Romanchuk, luliian (1842-1932), 477, 547, 548

^Romania, ⁱ3, 27, 45,4¹3, 457, 492, 545, ⁶24, ⁶55, 729; interwar, 4^66, 555, 559, 561, 612, 642, 643, 644, 648, 670; dur­ing World War II, 657, 666, 667, 669, 678, 685; since World War II, 699, 701, 716, 748; Ukrainian lands in, 10, 553, 555, 5⁶¹, ⁶42, ⁶43, ⁶44, ⁶45, ⁶⁶7, ⁶⁶9, 678, 685; annexes Bukovina, 561, 644; Ukrainians in, 10, 500, 642, 643, 644, 645, 689; literature about, 793, 795, 804, 807

Romanian language, 7, 369-370, 413, 429, 466, 484-485, 611-612, 644-645, 650, 669, 692, 747. See also Moldovan language

Romanian National Council, 553 Romanian National party, 466 Romanian Orthodox Church/Mission,

644, 669

Romanian Scientific Institute, 669

Romanianization, 645, 669

Romanians, 492, 497, 666-669, 678, 683; in Zaporozhia/New Russia, 193, 283, 284, 285, 296, 369; in Dnieper Ukraine, 350, 368-370; in Austrian Bukovina, 415, 441, 466, 483-485, 643; during the revolutionary era (1917-1920), 536, 553; in Soviet Ukraine, 612, 669, 689, 692; in Bessarabia, 642; in independent Ukraine, 9, 745, 747

Romanov dynasty, 12, 13, 14 Romanovych dynasty, 124, 129, 224, 330 Romans, 34, 35, 101, 102; (term), 11 Romanticism, 19, 376, 381, 427, 580 Romaniv, 310

Romany (Gypsy) language, 413, 650 Rome (city) (imperial), 35, 75, 101, 103, 104, 167-175 passim, 204, 422, 656; (imperial), 25, 34, 58, 100, 223; Ukrain­ian diaspora in, 455, 65, 720, 741; “Third,” see “Third Rome”

Rome-Berlin Axis, 656

Romzha, Teodor (1911-1947), 699 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 685, 694 Ropsmenn/Ropskarlar (term), 56 ^Ros’ ^Ri^ver, 45, 47, 57, 59, 79, 94, ⁱⁱ2 Ros tribe, 57, 59

Rosetti family, 369 Rosia (term), 73 Roslagen, 56

Rosokha, Stepan (1908-1986), 658 Rospiggar (term), 56

Rossiia (term), 73

Rostov (town), 49, 59, 62, 63; (prin­cipality), 21, 85, 222

Rostov-na-Don (city), 495; (oblast), 10 Rostov-Suzdal’ (principality), 71,82,84,

96

Rostovtsev, Mikhail (1870-1952), 353 Rostyslav Volodymyrovych (1038-1067), 82, 123

Rostyslavych dynasty, 82, 123, 124 Roth, Joseph (1894-1939), 466 Roxolani, 34

Rozdol’s’kyi, Roman (1898-1967), 636

Rozumovs’kyi, Kyrylo (1728-1803), 288, 289, ²97, 335

Rozumovs’kyi, Oleksii (1709-1771), 288 Rudchenko, Ivan (1845-1905), 395 Rudenko, Mykola (1920-2004), 710 Rudnyckyj, Jaroslav (1910-1995), 189 Rudnyts’ka, Milena (1892-1976), 634 Rudnytsky, Ivan L. (1919-1984), 448 Rudnyts’kyi, Stepan (1877-1937), 3, 578,

636

Rügen, island of, 50

Ruhr industrial area, 655

Ruin, Period of, 231-242, 246, 250, 253, 263, 266, 267, 268, 273, 302

Rukh, 454, 719, 720, 722

Rum millet, 165

Rumei. See Hellene Greeks

Rumelia, 180, 371 Ruotsi (term), 56-57

Rumiantsev, Petr (1725-1796), 289, 334 Rumiantsev family, 351

Runvira movement, 74

Rus' (term), 11, 56, 71-73, 77, 127, 468; literature about, 770

Rus’, Grand Duchy of, 235, 246

Rus’ Kaganate, 62

Rus' Law (Pravda Russkaia/ Ruskaia Prm'd.d), 81,84, 95, 147

Rus’ people, 11, 19-20, 426, 468, 688; in Kievan Rus’, 55-59, 68, 69, 72-73, 77^-7^{8, 8}3, ⁸5, ⁸9^-95 p^assim, 99, ¹23, 125; and Mongols, 113-115, 119; in Poland-Lithuania, 144-147, 151, 153, ¹57, ¹⁶3, ¹72^-173, ¹75, ¹95, ¹97, ¹99, 203, 204, 217, 218, 239; and Crimean Khanate, 186, 187. See also Slaveno-Rus’ nation; Varangian Rus’

Rusalka (journal), 471

Rusalka dnistrovaia (book), 429

Rusalky, 50

Ruscia (term), 73

Rus’-Galicia (Red Rus’/Rus Czerwona) palatinate, 143. See also Galicia (palati­nate)

Rusin/Rusini (term), 423, 638

Rusinia, 554

Rus’ka (language), 471

Rus’ka Besida. See Ruthenian Club

Rus’ka Kraina. See Ruthenian Land Rus’ka Rada. See Ruthenian Council Rus’ ka triitsia. See Ruthenian Triad Ruskaia Besida. See Ruthenian Society Ruskaia Rada. See Ruthenian Council Rus’kii Sobor. See Ruthenian Council Ruskaia Pravda. See Rus’ Law Rusky Cech (newspaper), 372 Ruskyi (term), 423, 468, 494 Rusnak/Rusnatsi (term), 73, 411,442. See also Carpatho-Rusyns; Rusyns/Ukrainians

Russia: literature about, 765, 818. See also Russian Empire; Russian Federa­tion; Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic; Soviet Russia

Russian (term), 73, 468-470

Russian Agrarian party: in Galicia, 636

^{Russian Arm}y, 434, 44¹, 485, 495, 499, 543, 544; Cossacks/Ukrainians in, 283, 505, 507, 511

Russian Civil War, 461, 531

Russian Communist (Bolshevik) party.

See All-Russian Communist (Bolshevik) party

Russian Constitutional Democratic party (Kadets), 404, 405, 406

Russian Empire, 6, 10, 12, 14, 23, 24, 56, 73, 224, 230 253, 2⁶2, 277, 299, 3^o7, 318-320, 321-407 passim, 413, 424, 4²7, 439, 44¹, 449, 45², 45^6-45^8, 4⁶¹, 464, 468, 469, 471, 474, 477, 479, 481, 487, 497, 49^8-5¹7, 5¹9, 5²², 5²9, 53¹, 540 54², 543, 55^³, 5⁶3, 5⁶5, 57^O-57¹, 586, 611, 616, 620, 626, 638, 642, 697, 699, 703, 743; and Sloboda Ukraine, 279^-2⁸¹, 292, 293, 295, 29^8, 325, 334, 33^6, 339, 34^O, 374; ^Zap^oroz^hia/ New Russia, 281-286, 292, 296, 302, 325, 32^6, 32^8, 33^O, 334, 34^O, 3^66, 374; and Hetmanate, 286-290, 293-298, 3^oo-3^o6 p^assim, 3¹3, 325, 334, 33^8, 339, 340, 374; and Crimean Khanate/ Crimea, 290-291, 292, 296, 297, 325, 326, çç^î, 334, ç⁶7^-ç^68, 37^³; ^and Êî¿ã- 'ivshchyna, 313, 317; and partitions of Poland, 317-320; and the Right Bank, 3¹², 3²5, 33^O, 334, 335, 33^6, 34¹, 345, 354^-3⁶0 3⁸2, 3⁸9^-39^O, 39^6, 39⁸; Revolution of 1905 in, 404; and World War I, 491-496, 498; Civil War, see Rus­sian Civil War; emigration of Transcar­pathians to, 430-431; considered as inheritor of Kievan Rus’, 15-16, 272. See also Bolshevik Revolution; February Revolution (1917)

Russian Federation/Russia, 727, 729-732, 733, 736, 748, 749; Ukrainians in, 10, 11, 745. See also Russian Soviet Feder­ated Socialist Republic

Russian language, 7, 9, 23, 106-108, 183, 3⁰¹, 3⁰4, 3⁰5, 339, 352, 37⁰, 3⁸¹, 392-394 passim, 397-400 passim, 406, 460, 536, 540, 623; Jewish intellectuals and, 363-364, 596, 616-617; Germans and, 365, 366; Ukrainian writers and, 2⁰⁰, 354, 379^-3⁸3 p^assim, 39 ^³, 4⁰⁰; in Galicia, 423, 426; Russophiles and, 200, 354, 378, 427, 468-472 passim; Old Ruthenians and, 468-472 passim; in Bukovina, 484-485; in Transcarpathia, 441-442 passim, 485-487 passim, 649­651 passim; in Soviet Ukraine, 573-583 passim, 603-604, 609-610, 615, 624, 695, 700, 709-710, 713-714, 718; in independent Ukraine, 733, 738-740, 743, 745, 747-749. See also Common Russian (obshcherusskii) language

Russian National party: in Galicia, 478 Russian Orthodox Church Abroad (the

Synod Abroad), 461,462

Russian Orthodox Church-Moscow Patriarchate, 160, 205, 227, 270, 462, 521, 581, 582, 583; in diaspora, 462; in Ukraine, 270-271, 299, 521, 663, 674, 698, 741-744; literature about, 802, 807. See also Ukrainian Orthodox Church-Moscow Patriarchate

Russian Orthodox Church of the Holy Synod, 299-300, 501; and Ukraine, 300-301, 394-395, 39^8-4⁰⁰

Russian Peasant party: in Galicia, 636 Russian S.F.S.R. See Russian Soviet Feder­ated Socialist Republic

Russian Social-Democratic Labor/Work- ers’ party, 403, 404, 507, 508, 570. See also Bolsheviks; Mensheviks

Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Repub­lic (Russian S.F.S.R.), 562, 563, 569; Crimea within, 621, 690; Ukrainians in, 689. See also Soviet Russia

^Russians, ¹2, ¹4, ¹5, ¹9, 23, 34¹, 392^-393, 423, 44¹, 493^-49^6, 5^o8, 593, 729; ⁱⁿ the Hetmanate, 295, 296; in Dnieper Ukraine, 339, 343, 347, 350-354, 357, 362, 365, 370, 373; in the revolutionary era (1917-1920), 502, 507, 536, 540; in Soviet Ukraine, 596, 603, 611, 613-615, 625, 677, 689, 699; in Crimea, 621, 690, 746; in independent Ukraine, 9, 738, 741, 743, 745-748; Kostomarov on, 19-20, 391; Maksymovych on, 379; and ethnic Ukrainians, 15, 19-20, 23, 378, 383, 385, 391, 394, 406-407, 468-470, 703, 713, 748; as “elder brother,” 22-23; as diaspora from Ukraine, 457, 460-462; literature about, 783, 784, 789, 820. See also Common Russian nationality/people; Great Russians; White Russians/Whites

Russification, 340, 353, 398, 400, 573, 603, 639, 695, 702, 704, 709

Russkaia pravda (newspaper), 485 Russkaia Pravda (medieval law code). See

Rus' Law

Russkii viestnik (journal), 392, 394

Russkyi language. See Ruskyi/russkyi lan­guage

Russo-Japanese War, 332, 404 Russophiles/Russophilism, 467-470; in

Austrian Galicia, 427, 470-472, 474, 478-480, 494-496; in Austrian Buko­vina, 484-485, 495-496; in Transcar­pathia, 431, 485-487,494, 651, 658; in interwar Poland, 636, 638-639; in the diaspora, 460-462

Russo-Turkish wars, 284, 411 Rusych (term), 72 Rusyn language/vernacular, 428, 429,

439, 468, 471, 475, 486-487, 638, 645, 648-651 passim, 748. See also Carpatho- Rusyn language; Ruthenian language; Slaveno-Rusyn language

Rusynophiles, 487, 651, 658 Rusyn/rusyny (term), 58, 72-73, 423, 436,

441, 468, 471, 638, 748

Rusyns. See Carpatho-Rusyns; Old Rutheni- ans; Rusyns/Ukrainians; Ruthenians Rusyns/Ukrainians: in Hungarian

Transcarpathia, 411, 430, 441, 442, 486, 487, 553-554; in Czechoslovakia, 645-651; in Austrian Galicia, 468, 494; in Soviet Ukraine, 722; in independent Ukraine, 748. See also Carpatho-Rusyns Ruteni (people and term), 59, 73 Ruteno-Frisian company, 59 Rutenois (people), 59 Ruthenen (people and term), 73, 423 Ruthenes (people), 646 Rutheni (people), 58, 73 Ruthenian (term), 11, 73, 423, 427, 471.

See also Ruthenians; Ruthenian language Ruthenian Club (Rus’ka Besida), 473 Ruthenian Council: (Rus’ka Rada), 477;

(Ruskaia Rada), 484, 485; (Rus’kii Sobor), 435, 439, 470. See also Supreme Ruthenian Council

Ruthenian District, 445

Ruthenian Land (Rus’ka Kraina), 554 Ruthenian language: in Grand Duchy of

Lithuania, 137; in Poland-Lithuania, 141, 147, 204; in Austrian Galicia, 423-424 passim, 436, 440, 468, 471, 631; in Austrian Bukovina, 484-485 Ruthenian Sharpshooters, 440 Ruthenian Society (Ruskaia Besida), 484 Ruthenian Triad (Rus’ka triitsia), 428, 435,

440, 470, 472

Ruthenianism, 468. See also Old Rutheni­ans

Ruthenians, 58, 435, (term) 11; in Aus­trian Galicia, 435, 436, 437, 441, 468. See also Old Ruthenians

Rüti (term), 59

Ruts’kyi, Veliamyn (1574-1637), 202

Ruzhin (Hasidic) dynasty, 421

RUzzi/Ruzzia (term), 59, 73

Rybakov, Boris, 41,43, 57

Ryleev, Kondratii (1795-1826), 354

Ryl’s’kyi, Maksym (1895-1964), 581, 704

Ryl’s’kyi, Tadei (1841-1902), 390, 391 Rzewuski family, 309

Sabbatianism, 360

Sabov, Evmenii (1859-1934), 486 Sacher-Masoch, Leopold von (1836­

¹⁸95⁾, 42¹

Sadagora, 421

Sadovs’ka-Barliotti, Mania (1855-1891),

400

Sadovs’kyi, Mykola (Mykola Tobilevych, ¹⁸5^6-1933⁾, 4⁰⁰

Safärik, Pavel Josef, 380, 427

Safonovych, Teodosii (d. 1676), 271

Sahaidachnyi, Petro (ca. 1570/78-1622), 199-202, 217, 223, 244

Sahib I Giray (d. 1551), 182

Sahin Giray, 291, 367

Saint Andrew, 75

Saint Basil: liturgy of, 174

Saint Clement Ukrainian Catholic Uni­versity (Rome), 455. See also Clement I, Pope

Saint Constantine/Cyril. See Constantine/ Cyril, Saint

Saint Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood.

See Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood

Saint George Cathedral (L’viv), 303, 476

Saint George Circle (sviatoiurtsi), 476

Saint Germain-en-Laye, Treaty of, 561, 646

Saint John Chrysostom, 36, 105; liturgy of, 172, 174

Saint Petersburg, 13, 15, 23, 272, 281, 283, 288, 291, 292, 298, 303, 313, 318, 3i9> 3²3, 33^O, 33¹, 33², 34^O, 345, 347, 39², 393, 395, 39^8, 399, 4⁶9, 49², 49^8, 544, 545; “window to the West,” 277;

Cossacks in construction of, 259; and Galicia, 479, 480, 495; and Bukovina, 485; Ukrainians in, 20, 287, 302, 304, 3⁸5, 3^86, 3⁸7, 39^O-39¹,4⁰⁰, 4^O1,4^O5, 429, 452. See also Petrograd

Saint Petersburg University, 430, 431 Saint Sophia, Cathedral of. See Cathedral of Saint Sophia (Kiev)

Saint Vladimir University (Kiev), 355, 381, 382, 384, 39^O, 395, 4⁰⁰, 427, 48^o, 52¹ Saksahans’kyi, Panas (Panas Tobilevych,

1859-1940), 400

Salayik, 182

Salzburg, 414 Samara River, 257 Samogitia, 133, 137 Samoilovych, Ivan (d. 1690), 256, 270 Samostiina Ukraina (pamphlet), 403 Samovydets' Chronicle, 305 Samvydav, 710, 711

San River, 5, 10, 151, 415, 419, 455, 494, 549, 660, 661, 663, 664, 665, 669, 685, 739

Sandomierz (palatinate), 411,415 Sandz (Hasidic) dynasty, 421 Sangari, Isaac, 48 Sangushko/Sanguszko family, 204, 309 Sanyak, 180

Sanok, 129

Sapieha family, 168 Saracen route, 63, 96 Saracens, 61, 135 Sarajevo, 414, 482, 492

Saray (Old Saray/Saray-Batu), 114, 115,

117 Saray-Berke. See New Saray Sarcelles, 454 Sardinia, 61 Sardinia-Piedmont, 331-332, 446, 480 Sarkel, 48, 49, 68 Sarmatian period, 44

Sarmatian theory, 41, 310

Sarmatianism, 310

Sarmatians, 25, 26, 28, 29, 32, 34-37 passim, 41,42, 44, 45, 187, 310, 623; literature about, 767

Savchenko, Fedir (1892-19??), 603

^Saxony, 25^8, 259, 3^O9, 3¹3

Sblizhenie (drawing together), 709, 710 Sbornik Kharkovskago istoriko-filologicheskago obshchestva (journal), 400

Scandinavia, 51, 60, 62, 63, 71, 91, 231 Schaedel, Johann-Gottfried (1680-1752),

303

Scheel, Boris (pseudonym: Baron Vietighoff/Fitingof), 255

Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von, 376

Scherer, Jean-Benoit, 18

Schlozer, August Ludwig von, 56

Schmidt, Hubert, 27

Schools. See Education

Schreyer, Edward, 464 Schuselka, Franz, 438

Sclaveni, 42

Scythia Minor, 30, 32, 34

Scythians, 25, 26, 28-34, 187, 623; Hero­dotus on, 33; literature about, 767

Seim River, 41,49, 78, 260 Seimyky: in Lithuania, 147 Sejm: in Poland. See Diet (Sejm) Sejmiki. See Dietines

Selsoiuz. See Peasant Union

Semashko, losyf (1799-1868), 399 Semenko, Mykhailo (1892-1937), 581,603 Sembratovych, losyf (1821-1900), 480 Senate: in Poland-Lithuania, 149, 211, 219, 235, 236, 309; in Russian Empire, 286, 326, 328, 330, 331; in Czechoslova­kia, 646; in interwar Poland, 626, 631, 634, 636

Seniawski family, 309

Senyk, Omelian (1891-1941), 672 Serafino family, 372

Serbia, 284, 296, 413, 492, 493; ethnic Ukrainians in, 11

Serasker, 184

Serbian language, 7, 429, 486

Serbo-Croatian language, 413

Serbs, 377, 380, 425; in Zaporozhia/New Russia, 283, 296

Serczyk, Wladyslaw (b. 1935), 18

Seret River, 27, 496

Serfdom: (and neo-serfdom) in Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth, 151-153, 197, 310; in Muscovy, 224; in Dnieper Ukraine, 336-339, 347, (abolition of) 340; in Austrian Galicia, 417-418, 450, (abolition of) 417-418, 437-438. See also Peasantry

Sergeevich, Vasilii, 229

Sergei (Ivan Starogorodskii, 1867-1944), 694

Sevastopol’, 119, 285, 332, 545, 669, 670, ⁶⁸3, 727, 73^O, 739

Sevcenko, Ihor (1922-2009), 101

Seven Years’ War, 285

Seventh-Day Adventists, 741, 744

Severia, 226, 238

Severians. See Siverians

Seydahmet, Cafer (1889-1960), 458, 544, 546, 670

Sfatul Tarii, 642

Shabbateanism. See Sabbatianism

Shabetai Tsevi (1626-1676), 360, 361 Shahin Giray. See §ahin Giray

Shakhmatov, Aleksei A., 56, 106

Shakhty region, 601

Shamanism, 48

Shandruk, Pavlo (1889-1979), 538 Sharukan’, 94

Shashkevych, Markiian (1811-1843), 428, 472

Shchavnyts’kyi, Mykhailo (1754-1819), 430 Shcherbats’kyi, Tymofii (Tykhon

Shcherbak, 1698-1767), 300 Shcherbyts’kyi, Volodymyr (1918-1990),

712, 717, 722; literature about, 812

Shebelynka (natural gas) field, 706 Shelest, Petro (1908-1996), 702, 711,

712; literature about, 812

Shelukhyn, Serhii (1864-1938), 58

Sheptakiv, 296

Sheptyts’kyi, Andrei (Roman Oleksander, ¹⁸⁶5^-1944⁾, 45^6, 47^6, 495, 548, ⁶ç^8, 640, 663, 671-674, passsim, 697, 698; and Jews, 672, 676, 677, 678; literature about, 791-792, 804

Shestydesiatnyky. See Sixties Group

Shevchenko, Fedir P. (1914-1995), 704 Shevchenko, Taras (1814-1861), 188,

384, 3⁸5^-3^88, 39^O, 392, 397, 442, 7^O4, 712, 739; in St Petersburg, 385, 391;

on Khmel’nyts’kyi and Cossacks, 230, 385-386; on Haidamak movement, 312, 314-316, 385; literature about, 787-788

Shevchenko Scientific Society: in L’viv, 405, 473, 474, 481, 495, 578, 663; in New York City, 454-455

Shevchuk, Valerii (b. 1939), 703

Shevelov, George (1908-2002), 106, 454

Shkurla, Vasyl’. See Laurus

Sho’ah (Catastrophe), 676. See also Holo­caust

Shliakh ariiv (book), 28

Sholem Aleichem (Shalom Rabinovitz,

¹959^-19¹⁶⁾, 3⁶⁰, 3⁶4

Shrah, Illia ( 1847-1919), 405

Shrah, Mykola (1894-1970), 603

Shteppa, Konstantin (1896-1958), 22 Shtern-Terk, Sarah. See Delaunay, Sonia Shtetl/shtetele, 359, 360, 459, 460, 616 Shukhevych, Roman. See Chuprynka, Taras Shul’gin, Vasilii (1878-1976), 406, 461,

540

Shul’gin, Vitalii (1822-1878), 354 Shul’hyn, Oleksander (1889-1960), 402 Shums’kyi, Oleksander (1890-1946), 568,

573, 574, 583, 601, 603, 605, 606, 609, 636

“Shums’ky-ism,” 573, 605

“Shums’ky-ites”: in Galicia, 636

Siabry, 145

Sibelius, Jan, 400

Siberia, 111, 508, 531, 708, 730; emigra­tion to, 344, 349, 452; deportations to,

dz?, 399, 54i> 594, 595, ^6o2, ^6o3, ⁶23,

663, 664, 675, 699

Sich: in Zaporozhia, 193, 195, 196, 198,

201, 211, 234, 239, 244, 250, 257, 281, 284, 290, 336, 337. See also Carpathian Sich; Cossack Sich beyond the Danube; Nova Sich; Stara Sich

Sich Riflemen, Battalion of, 493, 512, 523, 548, 553, 630

Sichyns’kyi, Myroslav (1887-1980), 479 Sicily, 61, 138

Sicuvut clan, 181

Siedlce (imperial province), 325 Sienkiewicz, Henryk, 357

Sierp (newspaper), 619

Sieverodonets’k, 729

Sighet Marmafiei/Syhit Marmoros’kyi, 494, 554

Sigtuna, 63, 65

Sikorskii/Sikorsky, Igor (1889-1972), 353,

461

Sikors’kyi, Polikarp (Petro, 1875-1953),

673

Silesia, 154, 414, 463, 626, 671, 672, 685,

697. See also Moravia-Silesia

Silk Road, 47, 115

Sil’s’kyi Hospodar. See Village Farmer Asso­ciation

Sil’vai, Ivan (1838-1904), 486

Simanskii, Aleksei (Sergei, 1877-1970),

698

^Simferop^ol>, 34, ¹⁸2, 3⁶7, 544, 545, 54⁶, 622, 670, 727

Sinopsis (book), 272

Sircu, Ioan. See Sirko, Ivan

Sirin clan, 181, 290

Sirko, Ivan (Ioan Sircu, ca. 1605/10­

1680), 187, 369

Siroma, 312

Siverians, 47, 49, 57, 66

Sixties Group (Shestydesiatnyky), 704, 710,

712

Skal’ kovs’ kyi, Apolon (1808-1899), 312 Skarga, Piotr (1536-1612), 170, 173, 176 Skhod, 329, 330

Skifs'ki baby (statues), 32 Skoropads’kyi, Ivan (ca. 1646-1722), 260, 262, 286, 287, 297, 519

Skoropads’kyi, Pavlo (1873-1945), 454, 5^18-523, 524^-53^o P^assim, 537, 54¹; literature about, 794

Skoropads’kyi family, 266 Skoropys’-Ioltukhovs’kyi, Oleksander

(1880-1950), 404

Skovoroda, Hryhorii (1722-1794), 301, 305, 739

Skrypnyk, Mstyslav (Stepan, 1898-1993), 454, ⁶73, ⁶9^8, 72^O, 743

Skrypnyk, Mykola (1872-1933), 511, 526, 568, 569, 600, 604, 609; as commissar of education, 601, 603, 604; suicide of, 604; literature about, 812

Skrypnykivka (“Skrypnyk” alphabet), 604, 609

Skyt (hermitage), 103, 162 Slabchenko, Mykhailo (1882-1952), 578, 602

Slav Congress, 438, 439

Slava/Slavia, 57

Slaveno-Rus’ nation, concept of, 272 Slaveno-Rusyn language, 201,424-430 passim, 439, 470, 472, 476; in Bukovina, 484-485; in Transcarpathia, 486-487 Slavery/Slaves, 32, 50, 67, 84, 89, 92-93, 98, 99, 117, 118, 125, 171, 191, 201, 214, 216, 222, 262, 384, 570; in Kievan Rus’(cheliad'/kholopy), 90, 94; in Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 144; and Crimean Khanate, 184-187, 290; and Ottoman Empire, 184-187; and Soviet force labor camps, 663; literature about, 776 Slavic Serbia (Slaviano-Serbiia), 284, 296 Slavonic language. See Church Slavonic language; Old Slavonic language Slavophiles, 341, 392 Slavs, 39-44, 48-51; literature about, 768.

See also East Slavs; South Slavs; West Slavs Slavuta, 310

Slavynets’kyi, Epifanii (d. 1675), 273 Sliianie (merging), 709, 710

Slipyi, losyf (1892-1984), 454, 638, 698;

literature about, 816

Slisarenko, Oleksa (Oleksa Snisar, 1891­¹937⁾, 7^O4

Sloboda Cossacks, 280 Sloboda regiment (Slobids’kyipolk), 280,

284 Sloboda Ukraine: region, 7, 206, 220,

225, 226, 241, 245, 247, 258, 271, 274, 277, 279-281, 284, 286, 289, 290, 292, 293-298 passim, 300, 301, 302, 307, 3¹¹, 334^-34^o P^assim, 344, 35¹, 374, 384; imperial province (Slobodsko-ukrain- skaia guberniia), 281, 325

Slobody, 220, 279 Slobodzeia, 337 Slovak language, 7, 380, 413, 486 Slovakia, 13, 100, 413, 429, 464, 554, 647,

648, 657, 658, 659, 729; Carpatho-Rus- yns/Rusyns/Ukrainians in, 7, 10, 303, 411, 429, 462, 486, 495, 748. See also Czechoslovakia; Presov Region

Slovaks, 380, 427, 659; in postwar Soviet

Ukraine, 689 Slovechno, 362 Slovenes, 425 Slovenia, 13, 58, 413 Slovenian language, 7, 413 Slovenians (East Slavic tribe), 62, 66 Slovo (newspaper), 396, 471, 479, 480 Slovo o polku Ihorevi. See Lay of Ihor's Cam­paign

Slowacki, Juliusz (1809-1849), 254, 357,

390

Smal’-Stots’kyi, Stepan (1859-1938), 106,

471 Smetana, Bedfich, 400 Smerdy, 90, 93, 94, 99, 145. See also State

peasants Smila, 316 Smolensk (town, city), 65, 89, 97, 140,

226, 229, 238, 242; (principality), 71, 72, 82, 84; (region), 223; (Orthodox eparchy), 160; (Uniate eparchy), 203

Smolka, Franciszek, 438

Smotryts’kyi, Herasym (d. 1594), 165, 169 Smotryts’kyi, Meletii (Maksym, 1577­1633), 201, 204; literature about, 777

Smutnoe Vremia. See Times of Troubles Snezhko-Blotskii, Aleksandr, 396 ^Sniatyⁿ, 359

Snihurs’kyi, Ivan (1784-1847), 326 Snisar, Oleksa. See Slisarenko, Oleksa Sobibor death camp, 676 Sobieski, Jan. See Jan III Sobieski Sobor Uchenykh Rus’kykh. See Congress of Ruthenian Scholars

Soborna Ukraina, 554

Sobornist', 526

Sobranie dvorianstva. See Gentry assembly Social strata/estates: in Kievan Rus’, 89-95, 120; in Grand Duchy of Lithua­nia, 144-146; in Poland, 145, 147-153; in Crimean Khanate, 180-182; in Mus­covy, 224; in Cossack Ukraine and Het- manate, 195-197, 243-244, 264-268, 293-296; in Austrian Galicia, 416-417; in Dnieper Ukraine, 334-340 Social-Democratic Labor party. See Russian Social-Democratic Labor/Workers’ party Social-Democrats. See Ukrainian Social- Democratic party (Galicia); Ukrainian Social-Democratic Labor/Worker’s par­ty; Ukrainian Social-Democratic Union (Spilka); Ukrainian Socialist party Socialist Realism, 607-608, 703, 704 Socialist-Revolutionary (Russian) party, 403 Society for Romanian Literature and Cul­ture, 466, 644

Society of Ruthenian Ladies, 633 Society of Saint Basil the Great, 486 Society of Saint John the Baptist, 486 Society of the United Slavs, 355 Society of Ukrainian Progressivists (TUP), 406, 501, 502

Socinians, 169 Socrates, 305 Sofiivka Park, 310 Soim, 149, 416, 503, 550. See also Diet (Landtag/ sejm/ soim)

Soiuz Ukrainok. See Union of Ukrainian Women

Sokal’, 420

Sokol sport’s clubs, 372

Soldaia, 117, 179

Solkhat/Staryi Krym, 179, 182. See also Eski Kirim

Solodub, 606

Solov’ev, Sergei M., 15, 16, 21; on origin of Rus’, 56; on Mazepa, 253

Soltys, 152

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksander, 703

Sophia Alekseevna (1657-1704), 256, 257 Sorbian language, 7

South America: ethnic Ukrainians in, 11

South Dakota: Jews from Ukraine in, 363

South Russia, 393, 470; (term) 10

South Slavs, 100, 159; languages, 8 Southern Buh River, 41,49, 347, 369,

612, 625, 667

Southern Rus’ people, 20

Southern Society, 355

Southwestern Land (lugozapadnyi krai), 325, 354, 389

Sovetskii narod. See “Soviet people”

Soviet Army, 670, 716, 717

Soviet Belorussia/Belorussian S.S.R., 562,

566, 661, 689, 694, 706

Soviet Crimean Republic. See Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

Soviet of Nationalities (Moscow), 566

Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Depu­^ties, 49^8, 499, 5^o1, 5^O2, 5⁰9, 5^³0, 5⁶5,

567. See also Kharkiv Soviet; Kiev Soviet; Petrograd Soviet

Sovetskii narod/“Soviet people” (concept), 667, 709

Soviet Red Guards. See Red Guards

Soviet Russia, 254, 500, 512, 515, 516, 5¹7, 530 533, 535, 54^6, 55¹, 5⁶2, 5^66, 5⁶7, 570 583, ⁶⁰¹, ⁶⁸5, 727

Soviet State Yiddish Theater, 618

Soviet Ukraine. See Ukrainian Soviet

Socialist Republic

Soviet Union, 6, 10, 12, 13, 21-24, 453,

454, 45^8-4⁶O 4⁶3, 5⁶4, ⁶34, ⁶43, ⁶5⁶, ⁶57, 725> 729-73i> 73⁸, 741, 743, 748; formation of, 562, 566; in interwar years, 565-625 passim; during World War II, 660-683 passim; after World War II, 684-722 passim; demise of, 723-724 Sovnarkhoz, 707

Spain, 61, 118, 154, 156, 231, 377, 640, 656, 657, 736

Sperber, Manes (1905-1984), 459

Spilka. See Ukrainian Social-Democratic Union

Sremski Karlovci, 461

Sreznevskii, Izmail (1812-1880), 56, 106, 353, 379, 381, 383

S'rp i chuk (newspaper), 625

Srubna culture, 44

SS, 670, 673, 676, 677. See also Waffen SS Stadion, Franz (1806-1853), 435, 437,

438

Stakhanov, Aleksei (1905-1977), 608

Stalin, Iosif (Iosif Dzhugashvili, 1879­¹953⁾, 3⁶3, 5^O9, 587-591 passim, 604-609 passim, 619, 701, 703, 711, 712, 717, 719; and indigenization, 573, 574; and nationalism/nationalities, 22, 569, 571-573, 581, 603, 604, 615; and the Great Famine, 595-597 passim, 603; during World War II, 660, 667, 748; after World War II, 684-700. See also De- Stalinization; Stalinism

Stalindorf, 617

Stalingrad, 667, 682

Stalinism, 459, 585, 600, 609, 618, 623, 624, 701, 702, 709

Stalino (city), 577, 624; (oblast), 589. See also Donets’k

Stampfer, Shaul, 215, 216

Stanczyks, 456

Stanislaw I Leszczynski (1677-1766), 258, 259, 260, 312

Stanislaw II Poniatowski (1732-1798), 309, 313

Stanislawow/Stanyslaviv (palatinate), 627, 632

Stanyslaviv/Ivano-Frankivs’k (city), 420, 450, 475, 549, 55o; (Greek Catholic eparchy), 638. See also Ivano-Frankivs’k

Stara Sich, 262

Staraia Ladoga/Aldeigjuborg, 49, 60, 63, 65

Starodub (city), 140, 242, 351; (region), 223, 245, 265

Starogorodskii Ivan. See Sergei

Staroobiiadtsy. See Old Believers

Starosta, 147, 193

Starosillia, 182

Starovery. See Old Believers

Starshyna: in Zaporozhia, 195; in Cossack state/Hetmanate, 244, 248-250, 256, 2⁶4-2^66, 289, 295, 3^O4, 334, 37^8, 379; in Sloboda Ukraine, 281. See also Distin­guished Military Fellows

Staryi Krym. See Solkhat/Kirim (Staryi Krym)

Staryts’kyi, Mykhailo (1840-1904), 400

State peasants, 145, 334, 336, 337, 338, 341, 343, 354, 389. See also Peasantry

State Planning Commission (Gosplan), 589

State Yiddish Children’s Theater, 618

Stauropegial Brotherhood/Institute, 165, 166, 171, 201, 311, 472, 636

Stavrovs’kyi-Popradov, lulii (1850-1899), 486

Stefan (“the Great”), 140

Stefan, Agoston (1877-1944), 554 Stempowski, Stanislaw (1870-1952), 541

Steppe of the Kipyaks/Desht-i-Qipyaq, 94, 113. See also Kipyak Khanate

Steppe Ukraine, 338, 342, 344; Jews in, 358; Black Sea Germans in, 365

Stets’ko, laroslav (1912-1986), 671 Stockholm, 56, 515

Stoianov, Oleksander, 391

Stolypin, Petr A. (1862-1911), 344, 401, 406

Stone Age, 26

Stowarzyszenie Ludu Polskiego. See Associ­ation of the Polish People

Strauss, Jr, Johann, 414

Striatyn, 201

Striboh, 74

Struve, Petr, 406

^Stryⁱ, 421 475

Stsibors’kyi, Mykola (1899-1941), 672

Studite Order/Studites, 103, 638 Studium Ruthenum, 425, 426, 427, 430 Stur, L’udovit, 380

Sturdza family, 369

Styr’ River, 49

Styria, 413, 414, 495

Subcarpathian Rus’, 411, 642, 646-651, 657-660, 687, 688, 722, 748; diaspora from, 462-463, 554; literature about, 762, 793, 804-805, 810. See also Trans­carpathia; Transcarpathian oblast

Subcarpathian Rusyn Land (Zeme podkar- patoruska), 647

Subcarpathian Rusyn National Theater, 650

Subcarpathian Rusyns, 487, 646, 648, 651 Subotiv, 210, 211

Subtelny, Orest (b. 1943), 261

Sudak, 35, 111, 179

Sudebnik (law code), 147

Sudeten Germans, 421, 657

Sudeten Mountains, 657 Sudetenland, 421, 657

Sugdeia, 35, 117. See also Sudak

Sugrov, 94

Sula River, 49

Sulimirski, Tadeusz, 41

Sulkiewicz, Matwiej Sulejman (1865-

¹92^o), 545, 54⁶

Sulyma, Ivan (d. 1635), 196

Sulyma, Mykola (1892-193?), 602 Sumeria, 28

Sumtsov, Mykola (1854-1922), 400, 405 Sumy regiment, 279

Sunday schools, 391, 394, 721

Supreme Council/Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (Kiev), 726, 729

Supreme Council of the Allied and Associ­ated Powers, 551

Supreme Ruthenian Council/Holovna

Rus’ ka Rada (L’viv), 435-437, 439, 440, 441, 470, 477

Supreme Soviet of U.S.S.R. (Moscow), 566, 716

Supreme Soviet/Verkhovna Rada of Ukrai­nian S.S.R. (Kiev), 566, 722, 723, 726

Supreme Ukrainian Council (Holovna

Ukrains’ka Rada), 493

Supremacist movement, 354

Surgun, 690, 721

Surzhyk speech, 7, 740

Susha, lakiv (1610-1687), 204

Suslensky, Iakov (1929-2009), 460

Suvorov, Aleksandr, 694

Suzdal’ (town), 113; (principality), 21, 72, 222, see also Rostov-Suzdal’; Vladimir- Suzdal’

Svantovit, 50

Svaroh, 50

Svarozhych, 50

Sveinald I. See Sviatoslav/Sveinald I

Sverstiuk, levhen (b. 1928), 703, 710, 711;

literature about, 816

S'vetsko selo (newspaper), 625

Sviatoiurtsi. See Saint George Circle Sviatopolk II Iziaslavych (1050-1113), 84 Sviatoslav II Iaroslavych (1027-1076), 81,

82

Sviatoslav/Sveinald I Ihorevych (ca. 942­972), ^{68, 6}9, 7^o, 7¹, 89, 97

Svientsits’kyi, Ilarion (1876-1956), 664

Svit (newpaper), 486

Svitlychnyi, Ivan (1929-1992), 703, 710,

711

Svoboda (newspaper), 635

SVU. See Union for Liberation of Ukraine

Svystun, Pylyp (1844-1916), 472, 474 Sweden, 22, 35, 56, 57, 61, 63, 81, 199,

200, 206, 223, 231, 233, 234, 235, 243,

253, 258, 259, 260, 262, 263, 274, 277, 279, 309

Swedes, 258-262 passim; in Dnieper

Ukraine, 285

Swierczewski, Karol (1897-1947), 697

Switzerland, 168, 401, 480, 508

Syhit Marmoros’kyi. See Sighet Marmafiei/

Syhit Marmoros’kyi

Symerenko family, 348

Symonenko, Vasyl’ (1935-1963), 703 Symonovs’kyi, Petro (1717-1809), 305 Syniavs’kyi, Oleksa (1887-1937), 602 Syniukha River, 28, 284

Synod Abroad. See Russian Orthodox

Church Abroad

Synodal Church. See Ukrainian Orthodox (Synodal) Church

Szabo, Istvan, 482

Szabo, Oreszt (1867-194?), 554

Szapszal, Seraya (1873-1961), 183

Szeligowski, Tadeusz, 255

Szlachta: in Poland and Lithuania, see

Nobility: Polish; in the Russian Empire/

Dnieper Ukraine, 334-336, 354; in

Austrian Galicia, 416

Szymanowski, Karol (1882-1937), 357

Tadzhikistan: ethnic Ukrainians in, 11

Tadzhik S.S.R., 562

Taganrog, 526, 527

Talerhof, 495, 496

Taman Peninsula, 29, 58

Tamatarcha/Hermanossa, 48, 58; (Chris­tian bishopric), 76. See also Tmutorokan

Tamerlane. See Timur

Tana/Tanais, 117, 118, 179

Taras Brotherhood, 402

Taras Bul'ba (book), 200; (opera), 401. See also Bul’ba-Borovets’, Taras

Taras Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society, 719

Tarasiuk, Borys (b. 1949), 732

Tarnopol (city), see Ternopil’/Tarnopol;

(palatinate), 627

Tarnovs’kyi, Vasyl’ (1810-1866), 391

Tashkent: language conference, 710

Tatar Greek language, 9

Tatar Greeks (urumi), 9, 371, 624 “Tatar yoke,” 110, 119, 179, 367 Tatarization, 613, 621-624

Tatars, 111, 114, 115, 117, 135, 136, 177, 184, 193, 244; in UPA, 681; in Soviet Ukraine, 611, 689; in independent Ukraine, 9. See also Crimean Tatars; Nogay Tatars; Tats

Tatishchev, Vasilii M., 14

Tats, 181-182

Taurida (imperial province), 291, 325, 32^6, 33^O, 334, 33^8, 353, 3⁶5, 37^O, 5^O9, 516; (Orthodox eparchy), 399; (Soviet Socialist Republic), 545

Taurida University, 622

Tchaikovsky, Peter I., 255

Teheran, 685

Teliutsa, 97

Temujin. See Chinggis Khan/Temujin Tennyson, Lord Alfred, 332

Tercüman (newspaper), 368

Terek River, 47, 286

Terelia, losyp (1943-2009), 454, 712; literature about, 816

Tereshchenko family, 348

Terlets’kyi, Ipolit Volodymyr (1808-1888): literature about, 791

Terlets’kyi, Kyrylo (d. 1607), 172

Terlets’kyi, Ostap (1850-1902), 480 Ternopil’/Tarnopol (city), 420, 450, 475,

496, 534, 549; (palatinate), 627, 632; (oblast), 706, 741; (region), 496

Teteria, Pavlo (d. ca. 1670), 264 Teutonic Order, 113, 129, 133, 137, 138, 156, 168

Texas, 3

Theater: (Ukrainian) 304, 400-401, 473, 580, 674; (Bulgarian) 625; (Greek) 624; (Polish) 356, 619; (Russian) 609; (Subcarpathian Rusyn), 650; (Yiddish) 465, 617, 618

Theodorichhafen, 670 Theodoro-Mangup Principality, 118-119,

179

Theodosia, 30, 117. See also Caffa; Feo- dosiia; Kefe

Theophanes III, 202

Third Reich, 656, 659, 661, 664, 675, 679,

806. See also Germany; Greater Germany “Third Rome” (ideology), 222, 272 Thomsen, Vilhelm, 56 Thorn/Torun, 135 Thrace, 29, 33 Tiber River, 102

Tighina, 667. See also Akkerman Tikhomirov, Mikhail N., 57

Tikhon (Vasilii Belavin, 1865-1925), 521,

581, 582 Tikhonites, 583 Time of Troubles (Smutnoe vremia), 223,

224, 226

Timur/Tamerlane (ca. 1336-1405), 136,

177

Tiras, 30, 35

Tiraspol (town), 669; (Roman Catholic

^diocese), 355, 39⁸

Tisza River. See Tysa/Tisza River

Tithe Church (Desiatynna). See Church of the Dormition (Kiev)

Titular nationality, 7, 611, 612, 613, 709, 716, 717, 738, 746

Tiutiunnyk, Hryhorii (1931-1980), 703 Tiutiunnyk, lurii (1891-1929), 577 Tivertsians, 49, 66

Tmutorokan’, 48, 58, 78, 79, 82, 84;

(Christian bishopric), 67, 76, 102 Tobilevych, Ivan. See Karpenko-Karyi, Ivan Tobilevych, Mykola. See Sadovs’kyi, Mykola Tobilevych, Panas. See Saksahans’kyi, Panas Tolstoi, Aleksei (1817-1875), 354 Tomashivs’ kyi, Stepan (1875-1930), 56 Torchesk, 94 Torks, 79, 94 Toronto, Ontario, 6; ethnic Ukrainian

diaspora in, 455

Torun’. See Thorn/Torun

Toth, Alexis (Saint Aleksei, 1853-1909),

462

Town Cossacks, 193, 195, 196, 243, 244 Townspeople: in Kievan Rus’, 90, 92-93,

125; in Lithuania, 145-146; in Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth, 145, 156-157, 163-164, 193; in Cossack state/Hetmanate, 265, 267, 295; in Dnieper Ukraine, 323, 327-329, 334, Ç36, 339, 353, 358; in Austrian Galicia, 420; in Soviet Ukraine, 713-714· See also Urbanization

Trakai, 183 Trakhtemyriv, 162; monastery in, 201 Transcarpathia (region), 7, 9, 26, 73,

7^6, 230 3^O2, 3^O3, 3¹¹, 320 45¹,455, 459, 464, 467, 470, 479, 480, 485, 495, 496, 561, 720; in Hungarian Kingdom, ¹⁶3, 277, 359, 4¹¹, 429, 43^O, 430 431, 443, 486, 487, 494, (emigration from) 451-453, 462, (in 1848 revolu­tion) 44O-442; during the revolution­ary era (1917-1920), 548-555 passim; in Czechoslovakia, 637, 64O, 642-66O passim; in Hungary during World War II, 66o, 683; in Soviet Ukraine, 687, 688, 698, 706; in independent Ukraine, 722, 744, 747, 748; (Orthodox eparchy), 699; (Greek Catholic/Uniate eparchy), 699; literature about, 762, 765, 793, 795, 804-805, 810, 814, 820-821 · See also Carpatho-Ukraine; Subcarpathian Rus’; Transcarpathian oblast Transcarpathian oblast, 13, 411, 462, 692,

729, 741 · See also Subcarpathian Rus’; Transcarpathia

Transcarpathians, 43O, 431, 441, 445, 486, 658, 696

Transcaspian territories, 331 Transcaucasia, 79, 331, 566 Transcaucasian S.F.S.R·, 562 Transnistria, 369, 667, 669, 678, 683, 692;

literature about, 8O7, 8O9, 81O Transylvania, 218, 219, 233, 235, 413,

466, 642, 648 Treblinka death camp, 676 Trebushany, 13 Tret’iakov, Petr N·, 41 Trianon, Treaty of, 561, 648, 655 Trier, 81 Trieste, 414 Triple Alliance, 491

Triple Entente, 491

Troki, 183

Troshchinskii, Dmitrii (1754-1829), 335 Trotskii, Leon (Lev Davidovich Bron­shtein, 1879-1940), 363, 508, 509, 512, 53¹, 5⁸9, 59^O

Troy, 28

Trubetskoi, Nikolai, 106

Truvor, 60

Trypillia, 27

Trypillian culture, 26-28, 44; literature about, 766

Tsadik, 421

Tsamblak, Hryhorii (1364—ca. 1419), 159 Tsaritsyn, 286

Tsentrobank. See Provincial Credit Union Tsentrosoiuz. See Union of Cooperative Unions

Tsertelev, Nikolai (1790-1869), 379, 383 Tsetsora Fields. See fufora/Tsetsora Fields Tshernichowsky, Sha’ul (1875-1943), 364 Tsurkanovich, Ilarion (1878-194?), 651 Tughay-Bey (d. 1651), 213, 218

Tul’chyn, 310

Tumans’kyi, Fedir (1757-1810), 380

Tumy, 187

TUP. See Society of Ukrainian Progressivists Tuptalo, Dmytro (1651-1709), 273, 301,

304

Turau (Orthodox and Uniate eparchy). See Pinsk-Turau

TuraU-Pinsk (principality), 72, 135 Turk Empire, 37

Turkestan, 29

^Turkey, 22, 23, 2⁸¹, 33¹,457, 45^8, 5¹3, 559, 5^{68, 6}22, ⁶55, ⁶57, ⁶7^o

Turkic languages, 7, 182. See also Crimean Tatar language; Gagauz language; Karaim Turkic language; Kipyak Turkic language; Oghuz Turkic language; Tatar Greek language; Turkish language

Turkic peoples/tribes, 45, 79, 94, 111, 113, 114, 180, 181. See also Berendei; Chorni Klobuky; Khazars; Kipyaks; Pechenegs; Polovtsians; Torks

Turkish language, 178, 181, 185, 191, 210, 312, 368, 458, 622

Turkmenistan: ethnic Ukrainians in, 11

Turkmen S.S.R., 562

Turks, 210, 244, 317, 415; in Crimea, 269; in Zaporozhia, 193; in Dnieper Ukraine, 285. See also Ottoman Turks

Tufora/Cecora-Tsetsora Fields, Battle of, 200, 210

Tver’ (town), 113, 135; (principality),

222

Tverdokhlib, Sydir (1886-1922), 630 Tychyna, Pavlo (1891-1967), 581 Tymchasovyi Robitnychno-Selians’kyi

Uriad Ukrainy, 527

Tymchenko, Ievhen (1866-1948), 405, 602

Tymins’kyi, Ivan (1852-1902), 485 Tymoshenko, luliia (b. i960), 635, 727, 732, 733, 735

^Ty^ro1, 4¹3, 4¹4, 492, ⁶⁶9

Tysa/Tisza River, 5

Tysiatskyi, 93

Tyszkiewicz family, 309

Udovichenko, Oleksander. See Oudovi- chenko

Uezdy, 323, 325, 327, 328

Uhro-Rusyns, 554, 660. See also Carpatho- Rusyns

Ukapists, 568, 603

Ukrama (journal), 405; (term), 189 Ukralna irredenta (book), 403, 477-478 Ukraime (term), 10-11, 187, 189-190

Ukrainian (term for people), 10-11,423, 468

Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (Kiev), 461, 521, 704; (L’viv branch), 663; (New York City), 454. See also All-Ukrain- ian Academy of Sciences

Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, 582, 583, 741, 743, 744; abol­ished, 602; reestablished in Ukraine, 663, 664, 673, 720; in North America, 453, 720; literature about, 796, 802

Ukrainian Autonomous Orthodox

Church, 674

Ukrainian auxiliary police, 676, 677, 678 Ukrainian Catholic Church. See Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church

Ukrainian Catholic University, 454, 742 Ukrainian Central Committee (Cracow), 664, 672, 673

Ukrainian Committee (Chernivtsi), 553 Ukrainian Communist party (Ukapists), 568

Ukrainian Democratic party, 404 Ukrainian Democratic Radical party, 404, 405, 406

Ukrainian Folk Art Cooperative, 632

Ukrainian Free University (Vienna,

Prague, Munich), 454, 631

Ukrainian Galician Army, 532, 533, 549, 550, 551

Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, 173, 175, 455, 720, 741-742; literature about, 816. See also Greek Catholic Church; Uniate Church

Ukrainian Insurgent Army/Ukrains’ka povstans’ka armiia-UPA, 463, 681, 682, 696, 697, 699; literature about, 807-808, 819

Ukrainianism, 390, 392, 476, 487, 540, 573, 713

Ukrainianization, 474, 569, 573-581, 583-584, 600-604, 605-610 passsim, 613, 615, 636, 694, 705, 718; in western Ukraine, 663-664; literature about, 801

Ukrainian Labor Club, 406

Ukrainian language, 7, 19, 106-107; in Polish-Lithuanian-Crimean period, 169; in Cossack state/Hetmanate, 304; in Dnieper Ukraine, 19, 304, 375, 380-381, 385, 390-391, 397, 401, 4^o4^-4^o6, 5^o2, 5^o5, 521, 525, 537, (Valuev decree on) 393-394, (Ems Ukase on) 396-397, 479; in Austrian Galicia, 413, 417, 423-425, 426-428, 436, 439, 440, 449-455, 465, 468, 469, 470-476; in Austrian Bukovina, 413, 417, 449-455, 484; in interwar Poland (Galicia), 631-633, 637-638; in interwar Romania, 643-645; in interwar Transcarpathia, 649, 658; during World War II, 664, 673; in Soviet Ukraine, 460, 569, 572, 584, 601, 603-604, 609, 615, 695, 704-705, 710-711, 714, 718, 719; in independent Ukraine, 733, 738-740, 742-743, 747, 749; literature about, 801-802, 814, 819. See also Language/ Language question; “Little Russian” language; Ruthenian language; Slaveno- Rusyn language; Surzhyk

Ukrainian Military Congress, 505 Ukrainian Military Organization-UVO,

630, 631, 639, 665

Ukrainian National Association (Jersey

City, New Jersey), 452

Ukrainian National Council (Ukrains’ka Narodna Rada): in Chernivtsi (1918), 553; ^{in L}’^{viv (1}9^18-19¹9⁾, 54^8-549, 550, 553; in Kiev (1941), 674; in L’viv (1941), 672, 678

Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance­

UNDO: in Galicia, 635, 636, 640, 641

Ukrainian National Democratic party: in Galicia, 477, 493, 635

Ukrainian National party: in Bukovina, 645

Ukrainian National Republic (Ukrains’ka Narodnia Respublyka-UNR), 190, 5^O9^-5¹7, 52^o-535 p^assim, 565, 572, 577, 578, 581, 630, 738; and national minorities, 536-545 passim; and West Ukrainian National Republic, 532-533, 547-552 passim; in exile, 681; literature about, 794-795. See also Central Rada; Directory

Ukrainian National Union, 520, 522

Ukrainian Orthodox Church, 582; litera­ture about, 765

Ukrainian Orthodox Church-Kiev Patriar­chate, 741, 743, 744

Ukrainian Orthodox Church- Moscow

Patriarchate, 720, 741-744

Ukrainian Orthodox Church in America-

Ecumenical Patriarchate, 453

Ukrainian Orthodox Exarchate, Russian Orthodox Church-Moscow Patriar­chate, 582, 720

Ukrainian Orthodox (Synodal) Church­Renovationists, 582-583; literature about, 802

Ukrainian parliamentary caucus (St Peters­^burg), 4^O5

Ukrainian Parliamentary Representation (Vienna), 497, 547

Ukrainian Peasant Congress, 505, 520

Ukrainian Pedagogical Society (L’viv), 637

Ukrainian People’s party, 403, 404, 406

Ukrainian Radical party: in Galicia, 477, 478, 493, 636

Ukrainians beyond Ukraine. See individual countries

“Ukrainian school” in Polish literature, 356, 357, 390

Ukrainian Scientific Society (Kiev), 405, 478

Ukrainian Sich Riflemen, 493, 548, 553

Ukrainian Social-Democratic Labor/Work- ers’ party, 404, 406, 501, 502, 520, 568

Ukrainian Social-Democratic party: in Galicia, 478, 493

Ukrainian Social-Democratic Union (Spilka), 404, 406

Ukrainian Socialist party, 404

Ukrainian Socialist-Federalist party, 502,

520

Ukrainian Socialist-Radical party: in Gali­cia, 635, 636

Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionary party, 5^o1, 5^O2, 520 527, 5⁶7

Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionary party of Communist Fighters. See Borotbists

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrains’ka Radians’ka Sotsialistychna Respublyka)/Soviet Ukraine, 190, 562, 563, 727, 731; creation of, 500, 527, 533, 534, 54^6, 55⁶; ^interwar years, 565-625, see also Ukrainianiza-

tion; Great Famine; “reunification” of

Western Ukraine, 661, 685-688; during World War II, 667-683; after World War

II, 684-724; nationality composition of, 611, 689; dissidents in, 710-712; litera­ture about, 798-802, 811-817 Ukrainian Staff of the Partisan Movement,

682

Ukrainian Studies Program (Harvard

University), 454

Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council,

696

Ukrainian Underground University

(L’viv), 631

Ukrainian Writers’ Union, 719 Ukrainka, Lesia (Larysa Kosach-Kvitka,

¹⁸7^1-19¹3⁾, 4^O1, 439 Ukrainophiles/Ukrainophilism, 469-470;

in Dnieper Ukraine, 395, 396, 487; in

Austrian Galicia, 467-470, 471-480 passim, 495-496; in Austrian Bukovina, 484-485; in interwar Subcarpathian

Rus’/Carpatho-Ukraine, 651, 658-660 Ukrains’ka Narodna Rada. See Ukrainian

National Council

Ukrains’ka Narodnia Respublyka. See

Ukrainian National Republic Ukrains’ka Povstans’ka Armiia-UPA. See

Ukrainian Insurgent Army

Ukrains’ka Radians’ka Sotsialistychna Res- publyka. See Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

Ukrainskii almanakh (anthology), 382

Ukrainskii sbornik (anthology), 382 Ukrainskii viestnik (periodical): (Kharkiv),

382; (St. Petersburg), 405

Ukrainskii zhurnal (journal), 382 Ukrains'kyi istorychnyi zhurnal (journal),

704

Ukrajina (term), 189, 190

Ukraino, nasha radians’ka (book), 711 Ulianov, Vladimir. See Lenin, Vladimir

Il’ich

Ulichians, 49, 57, 66, 67

Ulkusal, Mustecip (1899-1996), 670

Ulozhenie (law code), 224

Ulpans, 721 Uman’/Human, 251, 267, 310, 317; as

symbol, 314-316

Uman’ Society (Gromada Human), 315 UNDO. See Ukrainian National Demo­cratic Alliance

Uniate Church/Uniates, 73, 172-76, 202-205, 213, 216, 217, 235, 423; renamed, 424; in Russian Empire, 300, 398-399, 424; literature about, 777. See also Greek Catholic Church; Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church

UNICEF, 695

Union for the Liberation of Ukraine-SVU:

in L’viv, 496; in Soviet Ukraine, 602 Union of Brest. See Brest, Union of Union of Cooperative Unions (Tsen- trosoiuz), 632

Union of Hadiach. See Hadiach, Union of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See

Soviet Union

Union of Ukrainian Women (Soiuz Ukrainok), 632, 634

Union of Uzhhorod. See Uzhhorod, Union of

Unitarianism/Unitarians, 168, 169, 236 United Jewish Socialist Workers’ party

(Fareynigte), 538 United Kingdom, 693, 737. See also Great

Britain

United Nations, 710; Ukraine’s member­^ship ⁱⁿ, ⁶94, ⁶95, 7^O3, 724, 732 United States, 3, 24, 482, 695, 707, 709, 716; and Civil War in Russia, 531;

and World War I, 491, 493, 497, 515, 547, 559; and World War II, 682, 685, 688; and independent Ukraine, 716, 730-737 passim, 743, 744; emigration to, 363, 365, 451, 541, 629, 689; diaspo­ras from Ukraine in, 11, 452-454, 458, 460-462, 464, 480, 550, 554, 698, 720 United States Congress, 596 Univ: monastery, 163 Universal: First, 503-505; Second, 507;

Third, 50g, 510, 512, 518, 519; Fourth, 5¹², 537, 54¹

University: of Alberta, 455; of Chernivtsi/ King Carol I University, 484, 644, 645; of Kam’ianets’-Podil’s’kyi, 537; of Kiev (Ukrainian), 521, 578; of Konigsberg, 168; of Manitoba, 464; of Toronto, 455; of Vilnius, 355, 382; of Waterloo, 464. See also Charles University; Columbia University; Ivan Franko University; Kharkiv University; L’viv University; Moscow University; Odessa University; Princeton University; Saint Clement Ukrainian Catholic University; Saint Petersburg University; Saint Vladimir University; Taurida University; Ukrain­ian Free University; Ukrainian Catholic University; Ukrainian Underground University; VUZ; Warsaw University; Yale University

UNRRA, 694

Untermenschen, 670, 675, 679 UPA. See Ukrainian Insurgent Army Upper Austria, 414

Uppland, 56

Ural Mountains, 13, 387, 708, 730 Urbanik, Martin, 303

Urbanization: in pre-Kievan period, 25, 28-30, 32-36 passim; in Kievan Rus’, 89, 125, 127, 129; in Mongol Crimea, 117-119, 177; in Poland-Lithuania, 156; in Ottoman Black Sea Lands, 179; the Cossack state/Hetmanate, 267, 295; in Dnieper Ukraine, 342-343, 353, 358; in Austrian Galicia, 420, 450; in Soviet Ukraine, 576-577, 684, 713-714; litera­ture about, 783, 798, 813

Urumi. See Tatar Greeks

Uspens’kyi Sobor. See Church of the Holy

Dormition (L’viv) ^Utrig^urs, 29, 35, 3⁶ Uvarov, Sergei S. (1786-1855), 382, 383 UVO. See Ukrainian Military Organization Uzbek S.S.R., 562; Crimean Tatars in, 690-691

Uzbekistan, 746; ethnic Ukrainians in, 11,

Uzbeks, 717, 747; in UPA, 681

^Uzhh°^r°d (city), 430, 445, 4^86, 553, 554, 647, 650, 658; (district), 441,445; (seat of Greek Catholic eparchy), 441, 486

Uzhhorod, Union of, 175, 698-699

Vahylevych, Ivan (1811-1866), 428, 429,

435, 47o, 472; literature about, 791

Val’nyts’kyi, Kyrylo (1889-193?), 636

Valuev, Petr (1814-1890), 393, 394

Valuev decree, 393-394; literature about,

788

Vàri a, Zdenek, 41

Vandalengau, 674

Vandals, 674

VAPLITE. See Free Academy of Proletarian Literature

Varangian Rus’, 66, 68, 70, 76, 100, 102

Varangians, 51, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 66, 74, 82; “Varangians to the Greeks, from the” (waterway), 49, 60, 65, 67, 96, 97

Vasa/Wasa dynasty, 206

Vashkivtsi, 485

Vasilii III, 222

Vasmer, Max, 41

Vasyl’kiv, Osyp (Osyp Krilyk, 1898-1941), 636

Vasyl’ko Romanovych (1199-1271), 124

Vasyl’ko, Mykola (1868-1924), 485

Vatan. See Fatherland Society

Vatan Hàdimi (newpaper), 368

Vatican, 424, 638, 697, 698, 720, 721,

742

Vechernytsi (journal), 471

Vedel’, Artem (1767-1808), 302

Veli Ibrahimovism, 623

Velikorossy. See Great Russians

Velychkivs’kyi, Mykola (1882-1976), 674

Velychko, Samiilo (1670-ca. 1728), 187,

305

Velychkovs’kyi, Ivan (d. 1726), 304

Venedi, 42

Venetia, 414, 433

Venice, 99, 117, 118, 155, 215, 242, 256 Vepsians, 59

Verbyts’kyi, Mykhailo (1815-1970), 401 Verdi, Giuseppe, 400

Verkhnii Dunavets’, 337

Verkhovna Rada. See Supreme Council of Ukraine; Supreme Soviet of Ukrainian S.S.R.

Verlan, 312

Vernadskii, Ivan (1821-1884), 353

Vernadskii, Vladimir (1863-1945), 353 Vernadsky, George (1887-1993), 16, 21,

57, 59, 461

Versailles, Palace of, 288, 561; Treaty of, 561, 626, 655, 656, 660

Vershyhora, Petro (1905-1963), 682

Vertep, 304

Verv, 93

Viacheslav laroslavych (1034-1057), 82

Viatichians, 47, 68, 71

^Viche, 49, 84, 92, 93

Vienna, 242, 399, 414-430 passim; revolu­tion of 1848 in, 432-443 passim, 445, 451, 467, 474, 477, 479, 483, 485, 493, 49^6, 497, 5¹4, 5¹5, 539, 547, 54^8, 55², 553, 631, 639, 640, 657; ethnic Ukrain­ians in, 454, 658; Galician Jews in, 459, 464, 465

Vienna Award (1938), 658

Vienna, Congress of (1815), 413, 428 Viestnik lugo-zapadnoi Rossii (journal), 392 Vietinghoff, Baron. See Scheel, Boris Viis'ko Zaporiz'ke, 245, 247

Viis'ko Zaporiz'ke Nyzove, 247

Vikings. See Varangian Rus’; Varangians Village Farmer Association (Sil’s’kyi Hos­podar), 473, 632

Vilna (imperial province), 355

Vilnius/Wilno (city), 135, 139, 171, 232; (Roman Catholic diocese), 147; (residence of Uniate metropolitan of Kiev in), 203; (Orthodox eparchy), 399; Polish university at, 355, 382

Vinhranovs’kyi, Mykola (1936-2004),

703

Vinnytsia (city), 27, 310, 526, 531, 618, 681, 721; (oblast), 589

Vinok rusynam (literary anthology), 429

Virgil, 381

Visigoths, 75

Vistnyk (journal), 640

Vistnyk dlia Rusynov avstrilskoi derzhavy (journal), 439

Vistula Operation (Akcja Wista), 697; litera­ture about, 811

Vistula River, 133, 151, 218, 347, 411,413 Vitsebsk (city), 204; (imperial province),

355

Vlachs, 117, 369

Vladimir-na-Kliazma, 15, 23, 89, 113, 128, 160, 221, 222, 272, 469. See also Vladimir-Suzdal’

Vladimirskii-Budanov, Mikhail (1838-1916), 19

Vladimir-Suzdal’ (principality, grand duchy), 83, 85, 87, 110, 115, 117, 119, 124, 126, 128, 129, 135, 221, 222

Voievoda, 140, 146, 147, 193

Voievodstva, 146

Voitsekovych, Ivan, 380

Vojvodina, 413

Volga Bulgars, 47, 68, 71, 74; state of, 113 Volga German A.S.S.R., 660, 667

Volga River, 47, 49, 63, 96, 114, 125, 177, 180, 184, 364, 667, 682

Volhynia (region), 7, 9, 17, 18, 24, 43-49 passim, 57, 126, 135, 151, 152, 156, 157, 160, 162, 163, 165, 169, 176, 188, ¹93, 2¹7, 2¹9, 234, 235, 27¹, 277, 3⁰⁰, 3¹⁰, 3¹¹, 332, 335, 33^8, 339, 4¹¹, 53¹, 533, 534, 562, 626, 627, 628, 632, 637, 638, 639, 661, 663; Czechs in, 372, 543, 544, 688; Germans in, 365, 541, 620; Jews in, 154, 215, 358, 676; Karaites in, ¹⁸3, ¹⁸4; ^{Poles in}, 354, 357, 382, 390, 463, 619, 681, 682, 688; (principality in Kievan Rus’), 71, 72, 82, 87, 108, 113, 120, 121, 123, 124, 125, 129, 318; in Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 135, 136, 140; (palatinate in Poland-Lithuania), 141, 143, 145, 151, 152, 190, 216, 238, 3^O7, 309, 310, 312, 316, 319; (imperial province in Russian Empire), 320, 325, 3^26, 33^O, 334, 343, 344, 354, 3⁶¹, 3⁸9, 507, 509, 516, 519; (palatinate/school district in interwar Poland), 627, 631, 637; during World War II, 664, 667, 672-681 passim, 696; in Soviet Ukraine, 685; (Orthodox eparchy), 399; litera­ture about, 784, 788, 803, 806, 811. See also Galicia-Volhynia

Volhynian Statute. See Second Volhynian Statute

Volksdeutsche. See Germans, ethnic

Vol’nosti Viis'ka /aporizkoho Nyzovoho, 283 Volobuev, Mikhail (1900-1932), 601, 615 Volodimer (“the Great”). See Volodymyr/ Volodimer I (“the Great”)

Volodimer Monomakh. See Volodymyr II Monomakh

Volodymyr-Brest: (Orthodox eparchy), 77, 128, 159, 160, 172, 202; (Uniate eparchy), 176, 203, 399

Volodymyr Hlibovych (1158-1187), 189 Volodymyr laroslavych (1151-1199), 79 Volodymyr/Volodimer I (“the Great,”

ca. 956-1115), 70, 71-78, 81,85, 88, 95, 105, 121, 202, 222, 739, 743; and religion, 74, 75, 77, 102-104, 127, 139; policy of expansion of, 71,80, 133; writ­ings about, 304, 773

Volodymyr II Monomakh (1053-1125),

70, 82-85, 87, 88, 93, 95, 123; literature about, 773

Volodymyr/Volodymyr Volyns’kyi (town), 89, 112, 113, 125, 126; (Orthodox and Uniate eparchies), see Volodymyr-Brest; (Roman Catholic diocese), 114, 355

Volodymyrko (1104-1153), 123 Volodyslav Kormyl’chych (d. ca 1214), 125 Volos, 50

Voloshyn, Avhustyn (1874-1946), 486, 487, 651, 658, 659

^Vo^^st’, 329, 33^O, 57⁶ Volovych family, 168

Volunteer Army, 531, 540; literature about, 793-794

Volyn’/Horodok, 43, 49

Vonatovych, Varlaam (Vasyl’, ca. 1675­¹75¹⁾, 3⁰⁰

Vorarlberg, 414

Vorobkevych, Sydir (1836-1903), 484

Voronezh, 226, 384; (oblast), 10

Vorontsov, Mikhail (1782-1856), 367

Voroshylovhrad. See Luhans’k/Voroshy- lovhrad

Vosporo, 117

Votchina, 91

Vozniak, Mykhailo (1881-1954), 664

Vrabel’, Mykhailo (1866-1923), 486

Vrangel’, Petr (1878-1928), 546

Vrubel’, Mikhail (1856-1910), 354 Vsevolod Iaroslavych (1030-1093), 81, 82

VUZ (Vyshchyi Uchbovyi Zaklad), 579

Vydubychi Monastery (Kiev), 162 Vyhovs’kyi, Ivan (d. 1664), 234-236, 238,

239, 264, 280

Vynnychenko, Volodymyr (1880-1951), 404, 454, 502, 507, 522, 523, 525, 528, 53¹, 577, 7²¹

Vyshchyi Uchbovyi Zaklad. See VUZ

Vyshehrad, 97

Vyshens’kyi, Ivan (ca. 1550-1620), 169, 176; literature about, 778

Vyshhorod, 162

Vyshnevets’kyi, Dmytro (d. 1563), 195, 200 Vyshnevets’kyi/Wisniowiecki family, 153, 168, 195, 204, 217

Vyshyvanyi, Vasyl’. See Habsburg-Lothrin­gen, Wilhelm

Vytautas (“the Great,” 1350-1430), 137-140 passim, 146, 159

Vytvyts’kyi, Stepan (1884-1965), 561

Vytychiv, 97

Vyzhnytsia, 421

Wächter, Otto (1901-1949), 673

Waclaw z Oleska. See Zaleski, Waclaw

Waffen SS, 673

Walachia, 42, 140, 162, 191, 196, 199,

203, 218, 219, 233, 353, 369, 372, 466,

624

Waledynski, Dionizy. See Dionizy

Wales, 372

War communism, 585

War Industries Committee, 499

Warsaw, 149, 211, 214, 217, 233, 255,

25^8, 3^o8, 3¹7, 4¹¹,429, 532, 534, 55¹, 631, 639; Polish-Ukrainian treaty of, 534

Warsaw, Duchy of, 412-413

Warsaw University, 639

Warta River, 675

Wartheland, 675

Weinryb, Bernard D., 215

Weissbach, Johann-Bernhardt von, 286 Welsh: in Dnieper Ukraine, 372

West Galicia, 412

West Germany, 693

West Prussia, 364, 366

“West Russia” (term), 10, 461

West Slavs, 100, 392; (languages), 7

West Ukrainian Institute (Kharkiv), 636

West Ukrainian National Republic

(Zakhidn’o-Ukrains’ka Narodna ^Resp^ublika), 524, 525, 532, 533, 547^­556 passim, 577, 626; and Bukovina,

548, 549, 552; and Transcarpathia, 548,

549, 550, 554; government-in-exile of, 552; Paris mission of, 559, 561; litera­ture about, 795

Western Buh River. See Buh River

Western Dvina River, 65

Westernizers (in Russia), 392

White Croats, 49

White Lake, 63

White Rus’, 73, 233

“White Russia” (term), 15

White Russians. See Whites

White Sea, 298

Wh^ites, 523, 53^O, 53¹, 532, 533, 54⁶; pogroms and, 537; literature about, 793-794

Wiesenthal, Simon (1908-2005), 459 Wild Fields, 17, 187, 190

Wilhelm Habsburg-Lothringen. See

Habsburg-Lothringen, Wilhelm

^Wilson, ^Woodrow, 547, 550, 551, 554, 559

Wisniowiecki, Jeremi (1612-1651), 216, ²¹7, 357

WiSniowiecki family. See Vyshnevets’kyi/ WiSniowiecki family

Wittenberg, 168

Wladyslaw II Jagiello (Jogaila, 1348-1434), 137-139, 175

Wladyslaw IV Wasa (1595-1648), 203, 206, 211, 213, 223, 224

Wojcik, Zbigniew, 18

Wojewodztwa. See Palatinate

Women, 368, 475, 498, 632, 671, 734; in Trypillian culture, 27; in Kievan Rus’, 89, 95; and peasantry, 151; and the Cossacks, 198-199; and slave trade, 185-187; and Ukrainian national ethos, 633-635; in Soviet Ukraine, 608, 634-635; literature about, 782, 792, 804

Women’s Hromada (L’viv), 633

Women’s Section of CP(b)U, 634

Workers of Zion party (Poale Tsyon’), 538 World War I, 491-496, 498, 507, 512, 531,

54^O, 54¹, 547, 559, ⁶29, ⁶55; ^literature about, 793-794

World War II, 655, 660-661, 666-669, 671-673 passim, 679-683, 721, 724; destruction caused by, 684-685; litera­ture about, 805-811

Wrangel, Peter. See Vrangel’, Petr

Wroclaw/Breslau, 298; Poles from Ukraine in, 463

Württemberg, 364

Yale University, 461

Yalta, 6, 622; conference in, 685 Yanukovych, Viktor. See Ianukovych, Viktor Yediykul Nogay, 184

Yedisan Nogay, 184

Yeshivas, 721

Yesidan, 242, 337, 369

Yiddish language, 7, 154, 364, 413, 420, 465, 466, 537, 616-618, 650, 721

Yiddish theater, 465

Yiddishization, 613, 616-618 Yisra’el ben Eli’ezar. See Baal Shem Tov Young Tatars, 368

Ypsilantes, Alexander (1792-1828), 372 Ypsilantes family, 371

Yugoslavia, 13, 648, 655, 657; diasporas from Ukraine in, 461-462

Yushchenko, Viktor. See lushchenko, Viktor

Zabludow, 164

Zachariasiewicz, Jan (1825-1906), 456 Zadruga, 93

Zadunais’ka Sich. See Cossack Sich beyond the Danube

Zagradovka, 542; literature about, 798 Zahaikevych, Volodymyr (1876-1949), 635

Zakhidn’o-Ukrains’ka Narodna Respub- lika. See West Ukrainian National Repub­lic

Zakupy, 90, 93, 94

Zaleski, Jozef Bogdan (1802-1886), 356, 357, 390

Zaleski, Waclaw (Waclaw z Oleska, 1800­¹⁸49), 427, 45⁶

Zalizniak, Maksym (ca. 1740-17??), 313, 314, 316, 317

Zalozets’kyi-Sas, Volodymyr (1884-1965), 645

ZamoSc, 217, 412, 413

Zap, Karel (1812-1871), 427 Zaporizhzhia/Oleksandrivs’k (city), 364,

57^6, 577, 59^O, 74⁸; ^(oblast), 724> 739; (historic region), see Zaporozhia (region). See also Oleksandrivs’k

Zaporozhets’zaDunaiem (opera), 337, 400 Zaporozhia (region), 7, 26, 187, 193-202, 2^06, 2¹3, 3¹¹, 3¹2, 334, 340 ^and Cossack state/Hetmanate, 232, 234, 239-247, 257, 262, 266, 268, 274, 277, 281-286; in Russian Empire, 289, 290, 292, 293, 29^6, 29^8, 3^o7, 325, 33^6, 337, 374

Zaporozhian Cossacks/Host, 193, 195-202, 205-206, 236-239, 243-247 passim, 257-258, 262, 266, 274, 530; and Khmel’nyts’kyi, 213-220 passim, 233; and Agreement of Pereieslav, 227-229; and Muscovy, 223, 225, 257, 260; and Russian Empire, 281-285, 313, 337; literature about, 704, 711, 775· See also Cossacks; Sich

Zapysky Naukovoho tovarystva im. Shevchenka (journal), 475

Zapysky Ukralns’koho naukovoho tovarystva (journal), 405

Zarebski, Juliusz (1854-1885), 357 Zarubynets’ culture, 44

Zarubyntsiv, 44

Zaslavs’kyi/Zaslawski family, 204 Zatons’kyi, Volodymyr (1888-1938), 526, 577

Zavadovskii, Petr (1738-1812), 335 Zbaraz’kyi/Zbaraski family, 204 Zboriv, 218; Peace of, 218-219, 220, 245 Zbruch River, 50, 411, 552, 559, 561 Zegota, Pauli (1814-1895), 427, 456 Zelenyi (Danylo Terpylo, 1883-1919), 533 Zelenyi Svit, 719

Zemaitija, 133

Zeme podkarpatoruska. See Subcarpathian

Rusyn Land

Zemskii Sohor, 231

Zemstvo League, 499

^Zemstv^os, 327, 329, 33¹, 342, 397, 4^O4, 520

Zerov, Mykola (1890-1937), 583, 704 Zevi, Shabbatai. See Shabetai Tsevi Zhatkovych, Gregory (1886-1967), 554, 646, 651

Zhatkovych, lurii (1855-1920), 486 Zhelekhivs’kyi, levhen (1844-1885), 471 Zhit'i liudi, 92

Zhmailo, Marko, 196

Zhmerynka, 345

Zhovkva, 210, 420, 421 Zhovnyne, Battle of, 206

Zhovti Vody, Battle of, 213, 226

Zhulyns’kyi, Mykola (b. 1940), 719 Zhupy, 445

Zhvanets’, 220; treaty of, 220, 245 Zhydokomuna, 663

Zhydychyn: monastery, 163

Zhytomyr (city), 7, 512, 618, 619, 672; pogrom in, 361; (Roman Catholic dio­^cese), 355, 39⁸

Ziber, Mykola (1844-1888), 395 Zilberfarb, Moyshe (1876-1934), 537 Zindcirli Medrese, 182

Zinov’ev, Grigorii (1883-1936), 589

Zinoviivs’k. See lelysavethrad/Kirovohrad/

Zinoviivs’k

Zionists, 3⁶3, 3⁶4, |⁶°. 4⁶5, 537 Znachko-Iavors’kyi, Melkhysedek (ca.

¹7^16-18o9⁾, 3¹3

Znachni viis ' kovi tovaryshi. See Distin­guished Military Fellows

Zolkiewski, Stanislaw (1547-1620), 200, 210

Zoria (journal), 471

Zoria halytska (newspaper), 435, 439

Zubryts’kyi, Denys (1777-1862), 426, 427, 4²9, 47²

Zyblikiewicz, Mikolaj (1825-1886), 451

Zygmunt II Augustus (1520-1572), 141, ¹⁶9

Zygmunt III Wasa (1566-1572), 171, 173, ¹99, 2^O2

Zynov’iev, Klymentii (d. 1727), 304

Zyzanii, Lavrentii (d. ca. 1634), 169, 201

Zyzanii, Stefan (1570-ca. 1600), 166, 176