HOST IMMUNE CELL INFECTION WITH HIV
Any host immune cell that expresses CD4 and CCR5 or CXCR4 on its cell surface is susceptible to infection by HIV. The gp120 of HIV binds to the CD4 receptor on the cell in a manner previously described.
This binding causes a conformational change in the HIV gp120, which allows it to bind more readily to the chemokine co-receptor.34 After binding to either CCR5 or CXCR4, the viral envelope then fuses with the cell membrane via the transmembrane glycoprotein subunit gp41. Within the molecular structure of the gp41 are periodic hydrophobic regions in the α-helical coiled structures. Mutations in these heptad-repeat regions (HR regions) interfere with the ability of gp41 to fuse properly.35 The gp41 rests in a high-energy configuration, and the fusion peptide is pointed inward toward the virus. After gp120 binds to CD4 and then the chemokine co-receptor, the glycoprotein undergoes another conformational change that releases the fusion peptide to spring outward into the cell membrane. The gp41 folds over into a six-helix bundle that pulls the virus into near the cell and prepares it for fusion and entry36 (Figure 6.2).
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More on the topic HOST IMMUNE CELL INFECTION WITH HIV:
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- INTRODUCTION
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