Conclusion
21.4.9 Lack of communication
Finally, the success of paratuberculosis control is dependent on the synergistic actions of farmers, their veterinarians and breeding associations, of state veterinary authorities, diagnostic laboratories, food processors and policy makers.
All involved parties should understand the advantages of and the need for paratuberculosis control as well as the risks that failure to control MAP may present in the future. Farmers should be formally educated about on-farm and between-farm transmission risks and at the same time, solutions to minimize risks should be offered. All Stakeholders have to take responsibility for identifying critical control points and diminish their impacts. All stakeholders must be educated about longterm goals and benefits in order to create a mutually supportive environment for successful implementation of a paratuberculosis control programme. Such an environment will be the first requirement to meet the challenges of paratuberculosis control on a national and an international level. Cooperation between countries and research groups, global initiatives and creating centres of excellence on research and diagnostic laboratory activities would improve the approaches to handle the disease and the knowledge about its spread and, as a consequence, the awareness of Paratuberculosis is prevalent globally and its impact will certainly increase if not dealt with more effectively by the international community. This must begin with leadership from peak animal health and agricultural agencies, who currently fail to provide any guidelines. Culling of clinical cases, test-and-cull based on laboratory tests, tighter biosecurity at national, regional and farm levels to hamper introduction of new infections, and environmental management are all important. Vaccination, although hampering the future use of ELISA as a diagnostic tool, must be advanced as a control tool, particularly in high-prevalence situations. Resources must be found to deal with different species and large animal populations in most countries, but in LMIC the need is acute. In the future, the options linking paratuberculosis and tuberculosis control activities might be evaluated because of their similarities. The availability of funding must be guaranteed to ensure the sustainability of control efforts. In addition, further consideration of market-driven vs government- regulated approaches are required. However, public funding of some components and supportive legislation are essential. At the same time, as control would be advanced through better tests and vaccines, the research community should be focused on these objectives. All stakeholders must be aligned to long-term goals and mutually respect the often complex socio-economic contexts of others in order for a paratuberculosis control programme to be successful.References
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