INDEX

Alphabetizion ignores titles and common prefixes (e.g., Abu, al-, as-, at-, b., bin, de, el-, Ibn, ul-, Umm, and von), except Abd and Ben-. People are listed as they are usually named.

Aaronovitch, David, 590n5, 627n22

Abbady, I. A., 245

Abbas, Mahmoud, 76, 224, 262

Ibn Abbas [‘Abbas], 475-76, 617-18n42

Abbas I (shah), 215

Abbasids, 42, 89, 91, 102, 383, 384

Abd Allah b. Saba, 79

Abd al-Rahman III (emir of Cordoba), 370, 374

Abd-er Rahman I (emir of Cordoba), 369

Abduh, Muhammad, 268, 269, 412, 413-14, 415-16, 418, 419, 426, 564n6, 663n24, 672n2

Abdul-Basser, Taha, 148

Abdullah II (king of Jordan), 289

Abdurrahman, Aisha, 478-79

Abel, Armand, 62-64

Abubaka, Awalu, 112-13

Abubakar, Muhammadu, 113

Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (caliph). See Bakr as-Siddiq (caliph)

Academy of Islamic Research (Al Azhar University), 145, 199, 200, 214, 236, 272, 409

Aceh, Indonesia, 313, 314, 399-400

Adam, Abu, 155-56

Adams, Charles C., 413, 672n2

Adams, John, 276, 277, 328, 331-32

Adams, John Quincy, 277-78, 492

Adana massacre, 278

Aden, 83

Adja, Sidi Haji Abdul Rahman, 276-77, 331, 332

Afak, Abu, 254, 290

al-Afghani, Jamal al-Din, 268, 269, 412, 413, 418, 419, 663n24

Afghanistan, 23, 97-98, 115, 136-37, 141, 206-207, 218, 310,

334, 337, 343-61, 380, 383, 393, 442-43, 446-47, 650n10

Af-Pak. See Afghanistan; Pakistan

Africa Korps, 248

Afshari, Rez, 439

Aftenposten (newspaper), 681n46

“Age of Enlightenment, The” (Chambers), 534-35

Age of Glory (TV program), 406-407

Agresto, John, 444-46

“al-Ahkam al-Sultaniya” (Mawardi), 409

Ahl Al-Dhimma. See dhimmis

Ahmad, Imam, 477

Ahmad, Tufail, 358

Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 85-86, 212, 228-29

Ahmad Jelair [Ahmed Jelair] (sultan), 21, 22

Ahmad Sirhindi, 36, 203-204

AIC.

Aisha [wife of Muhammad], 392-93, 446, 478, 623-24n4, 680-81n45

Ajami, Fouad, 412

Akbar the Great, 36, 203, 207

Akef, Muhammad, 526

Akhir Sa'a (newspaper), 231

AKP, 544-46n21

Al-Ahram (newspaper), 422

Al-akham as-Sultaniyya (Mawardi), 663n25

Alan, Father, 521

Al Aqsa Mosque, 214, 265

Al-Aqsa TV, 260, 262

Al Arabiya (newspaper), 407

Al-Astal, Yunis, 260-61

Al Azhar mosque, 75-76, 235, 250, 339

Al Azhar University, 83-84, 85, 87, 145, 148, 198-99, 200, 214, 236, 237, 250, 266-67, 272, 304, 314, 324, 338, 340, 396, 409, 549n2, 588-89n6

Academy of Islamic Research, 145, 199, 200, 214, 236, 272, 409

Fatwa Committee, 213, 234-35, 265-66, 604n17, 608n15, 617n40

Albania, 93, 174, 180, 184, 186, 215, 273

Al-Dawa (publication of Muslim Brotherhood), 525

Aleppo, 24

Alexandria, Egypt, 89, 232, 422

Algeria, 115, 276, 287, 328-29, 331, 344, 346, 347, 423, 486, 663n34

Ali, Imam, 465

Ali, M. Amir, 377

Ali, Muhammad, 233, 416

Ali, Syed Mumtaz, 148

Ali, Yusuf, 323, 453, 454

Alice in Wonderland (Carroll), 55, 117

Ali ibn Abi Talib (caliph), 59, 157, 194, 407

Al Jazeera (TV network), 126, 338, 448

Allah, 12, 13, 16, 27, 31, 43, 44, 49, 54, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 76, 77, 83, 84, 86, 87, 101, 102, 104, 105, 111, 114, 116, 121, 123, 133, 135, 142, 149, 151, 154, 156, 159, 162, 163-64, 165, 166, 167-68, 180, 189, 194, 208, 209, 210, 216, 217, 223, 224, 225, 226, 228-29, 235, 236, 237, 238, 242, 256,

260, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 271, 276, 303, 304, 318,

319, 323, 324, 325, 327, 338, 339, 340, 341, 353, 380, 386,

389, 391, 392, 393, 395, 396, 399, 407, 408, 409, 411, 417,

448, 449-50, 451-52, 461, 466, 468, 470, 474, 475, 476, 477, 479, 480, 487, 493-94, 496, 499, 506, 507, 524, 526, 527, 528-29, 536, 543-44n18, 573-74n100, 578-79n33, 583n26, 588-89n6, 614n86, 617-18n42, 623-24n4, 633- 34n12, 635n12, 654-55n15, 680-81n45, 689n14

Allahu Akbar (funeral prayer), 473-74, 573-74n100

Allen, Woody, 35

Alliance Israelite (newspaper), 80

Alliance of Western and Democratic States (AWADS), 404­405

All Things Considered (ATC), show on National Public Radio, 362-63

Al Manar [The Lighthouse] (journal), 412-13, 416, 564n6

Al Manar modernist movement, 269, 412-13, 414, 415, 418, 419, 420

Al-Masry Al-Youm (newspaper), 44, 239

Almeria Province, Spain, 370

Al-Mewhar (newspaper), 289

Almohads, 82, 177, 178, 375

Almoravids, 177, 376

Al-Munajjid, Muhammed Salih, 657n36

Al Musawwar (newspaper), 251

al-Nas (satellite TV network), 406-407

Alphonso I le Batailleur (king of Aragon), 177

al Qaeda [Qaida], 199, 334-35, 336, 368, 402, 421, 494, 651- 52n22

Altern, Erich “Ali Bella,” 251

Amarkhel, Aminullah, 359

American Academy of Pediatrics Committe on Bioethics, 312-13

American Islamic College (AIC), 140

American Jewish Committee, 171

American Legion, 53

American Textbook Council, 378, 381, 458

American Thinker (journal), 397

al-Amili, 214, 215

Amin, Hajj, 602n49

Amin, Omar.

Amir Turghay, 23

AMJA. See Assembly of Muslim Jurists of America (AMJA)

Anatolia, 24, 94, 188, 192, 193, 194, 384, 701n176. See also

Asia Minor; Turkey

Andalusia [Andalus], 133, 134, 171, 173, 175-78, 188, 189,

257, 268, 321, 367-77, 648-49n37. See also Spain

Anderson, J. N. D., 427-28, 673n5

Anderson, Marian, 498, 519-20

Andric, Ivo, 182-83

And the World Remained Silent (film), 204

Angelov, Dimitar, 68, 179-81

Animists, 196

Ankara, Turkey, 39, 193

Annals (Dionysius of Tell Mahre), 652n11

al-ansar, 398

al-Ansariyyah, Umm Atiyyah, 675-76n16

ANSOR, 398

anti-Communism, 401-402

Antioch, Patriarhs of, 653n13

anti-Semitism, 33-44, 48, 74, 75, 76, 77, 82, 83, 84, 88, 204, 208-10, 212-13, 223, 224, 225, 230, 231, 234, 235, 237, 246, 249, 252, 259, 262, 263, 266, 298, 299, 375, 380, 476, 480, 520-21, 602n49, 616n16. See also dhimmis; Jews; Nazis

anti-Wahhabism, 304

anti-Zionism, 164, 250-51, 252, 270, 299, 412, 420. See also Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The

apostasy, 49, 108, 110, 114-15, 134, 136, 141, 144-45, 147­49, 156, 184, 279, 306, 320, 321, 344, 396, 403, 409, 418, 422, 428, 433-34, 443, 448-49, 451, 453, 456, 465-67, 470, 484-85, 496, 497-537, 578-79n33, 598~-99n46, 619n63, 633-34n12, 664n42, 687n20

Appler, Hans “Saleh Shafar,” 250

AP wire story, 337

Ibn Aqnin, 375

al-Aqsa Mosque, 87, 407-408

Arab European League, 171

Ibn Arabi, 54, 116, 479-80, 524

Arab-Israeli War of 1967, 282

Arab League, 256, 259, 294-95, 299

Arab Muslim Nazi party, 239

ibn Arabshah, Ahmad, 21, 22, 24, 25

Arab Spring, 51, 87, 239, 259, 270, 291, 406-24, 525

Arafat, Yasser, 295, 296

Aragon, 177

Argos, 181

Armenia, 24, 27, 93-94, 95-97, 174, 188, 196, 215, 243-44, 273, 274,278, 320, 620-21n91

Armstrong, Karen, 33, 53

Arnaldez, R., 581-83n25

Arslan, Alp, 502

ibn Ashraf, Ka'b, 254

Asia Minor, 27, 179, 180, 184, 192, 193, 194, 278, 365, 502,

503.

Assalaam Foundation, 312

Assembly of Muslim Jurists of America (AMJA), 126, 127,

128, 148-49, 394-95, 463-71

Assisi, Italy, 45

Association for [of] Franco-Arab Solidarity, 170, 296

Assyrian Christians, 196, 444, 446-47

Ataturk, 119

ATC. See All Things Considered (ATC), show on National

Public Radio

Atlantic Monthly (magazine), 518

Aurangzeb (emperor), 206

Auron, Yari, 95-96

Australia, 404

Austria, 174, 184, 185, 187, 215, 243, 274, 292, 365, 509, 520, 563-64n1, 587-88n3, 595-96n8

Averroes, 144, 214, 271, 315-16, 367, 368, 375, 492, 648- 49n37

AWADS. See Alliance of Western and Democratic States

(AWADS)

al-'Awfi, 617-18n42

Awqaf [Religious Endowment], 303

Ayad Jamal Al-Din, Sayyed, 123-24

Ayub Khan Mina mosque, 354

Azhar Inspectorate, 604n17, 608n15, 617n40

Azizi, Iqbal, 343

Badawi, Zaki, 120-21

Badshahi Mosque (Lahore, Pakistan), 684-86n1

Bagby, Ihsan, 486-87, 495-96

Baghdad, 20, 21-23, 24, 63, 82, 89, 246, 278, 361, 385, 446, 595-96n8, 648n31

Bahais, 221

Bahrain, 83, 115, 314

Bahri Mamluks (ruler in Syria), 477

Bainbridge, William, 330

Bakhsh, Qari Imam, 137, 443

Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (caliph), 25, 59, 66, 67 al-Baladhuri, 205

Balegh, Enayatullah, 354

Bali bombings, 399

Baljon, J. M. S., 240

Balkans, 91, 134, 171, 174, 179-81, 185, 188, 197, 244, 257, 268, 365, 488, 530, 562n184. See also names of specific countries, i.e., Albania, Bosnia, etc.

Bambi (Salten), 498

Bandung, Java, 314

Bangladesh, 394, 486

al-Banna, Hasan, 43, 256-57, 263, 267-69, 270, 410, 417, 418-19, 420, 564n6, 566n13

Bannu Hospital, 350-52

Banu al-Mustaliq tribe, 392, 654-55n15

Banu Israil fi al-Quran wa-al Sunnah [Jews in the Koran and the Traditions] (Tantawi), 83, 588-89n6

Banu Nadir tribe, 78, 227, 254, 272

Banu Qaynuqa [Quaynuqa] tribe, 78, 227, 254, 272

Banu Qurayza tribe, 78, 81, 227, 254, 258, 272, 614n86

Baran, Kadir, 152

Barbary wars, 328-31

al-Barduni, Ahmad ‘Abd al-Alim, 581-83n25

Barelevi school, 684-86n1

Bar Hebraeus [Abul-Faraj], 30, 89-90, 385, 652n11, 653n13

Barlas Turks, 23

Barlow, Ralph, 278

Baron, Salo, 77, 227

Barth, Karl, 255-56

Bary, Rifqa, 619n63

Bashan, Elizer, 79-80

Bashir, Abu Bakar, 399

as-Basrah, 215

Bat Ye'or, 34, 36, 69, 86, 96-97, 164-65, 170, 229, 250-51, 252, 294-95, 297, 308, 423, 589n7, 621-22n2

Baumann, Walter “Ali Ben Khader,” 251

Bawer, Bruce, 188

Baybars (sultan), 232

al-Baydawi [Beidhawi], 75, 76-77, 144, 225, 528, 581-83n25

Bayezid (sultan), 24, 192

Bayezid II (sultan), 181-82

Baysunghur (sultan), 548n30

BBC, 120, 334

Beaumarchais, Pierre-Augustin, 287

Beck-Peccoz, Roberta Aluffi, 484

Bedouins, 162

Beg, Togrul [Tughril], 502

Behrends, Hermann, 245

Belgium, 188

Bella, Ali.

Belo, Bishop, 398-99

Benda, Harry J., 14, 402-403, 542n11

Benda, Julien, 411-12

Benedict XVI (pope), 45, 46, 48, 190, 191-92, 194-96, 198, 199, 291-92, 595-96n8, 596-97n18

Ben Ezra Synagogue, 605n40

Ben-Shammai, Haggai, 212, 385-86

Bentley, Elizabeth, 498

Berbers, 12-13, 80, 82, 175, 176, 177, 376

Berger, Gottlob, 244, 245

Berle, A. A., 498

“Bernard Lewis and the Arab Spring” (Reilly), 51

Bertrand, Louis, 389, 405

Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions, The

(Muqaddasi), 370

Bhutto, Benazir, 205

Bilal (muezzin), 573-74n100

Binswanger, Karl, 51-52, 152-54, 284-85, 622n5

Binyamin, J. J., 275-76

Bitterlin, Lucien, 296

blasphemy, 81, 114, 115, 122, 128, 131-39, 176, 191, 216, 271, 320-22, 355, 374, 411, 443, 446, 448, 451, 453, 465, 467, 486, 681n46, 684-86n1, 687n21

Blazy, Philippe Douste, 297

Bluitgen, Kare, 288

Blut und Rasse in der Gesetzgebung [Blood and Race in

Legislation] (Leers), 298

BMJ. See British Medical Journal (BMJ)

Bobba Musafa, Dey of Algiers, 328-29 Bodansky, Yossef, 34

Bodman, Whitney, 368, 375

Boland, J., 397

Bolshevism, 13, 501, 508, 514. See also Communism

“Book of Jihad” (Tabari), 62

Bosma, Martin, 300

Bosnia, 174, 180, 182, 183, 187-88, 215, 244-45, 246, 273,

602n49

Bostom, Andrew, 33-44, 47, 48, 49, 50

Boston Review (magazine), 408

Bousquet, G.-H., 15, 102-104, 115-16, 123, 531, 542n14, 565-66n11

Bouyeri, Mohmammed, 290

Bradley, Barbara, 362-63

Bremer, Paul, 444-46

Brennan, John, 271, 472

Brill (publisher), 54, 460, 481, 494, 524. See also Encyclopedia of Islam (Brill)

“Bring Them Freedom Or They Destroy Us” (Lewis), 53

Britain, 47, 55, 104, 112, 117, 120-21, 152, 155, 171, 172, 187, 210, 246, 248, 276, 288, 330, 331, 341, 393, 394, 395, 417, 420, 446, 499, 525, 592-93n25, 611-12n38

Slave Trade Department of Foreign Office, 370

British Library, 20

British Medical Journal (BMJ), 311, 312

Brockelmann, Carl, 113, 115

Brohi, Allah Buksh K., 200-202

Brookhiser, Rick, reply to, 320-22

Brookings Institute Doha Center, 410

Brothers Karamzov, The (Dostoevsky), 518

Browne, E.

Brunei, 115, 314, 486

Brussa [Bursa], 24

Buchenwald concentration camp, 248, 516

Buckley, William, 518, 521

Buddhists, 36, 45, 71, 174, 175, 217, 274, 275, 303, 501

al-Bukhari, Sahih [Saheeh], 40, 78, 226, 265, 288, 314, 324, 340, 393, 528, 583n26, 635n12, 645n12, 680-81n45

Bulgaria, 174, 180, 188, 215, 243, 247, 273

Bulwer, Henry, 187-88

Burckhardt, Jacob, 11, 529-30, 539n2

Bush, George W., 52-53, 446, 555n20

Byrnes, James, 441

Byzantium, 37, 63, 174, 178, 180, 181, 190-91, 192-94, 215, 273, 384, 431, 652n11

Caddell, Pat, 129

CAIR. See Council on American-Islamic Relations

Cairo, Egypt, 87, 231, 232, 250, 267, 270, 406, 408, 411, 412, 424, 607n3

Cairo Declaration on [of] Human Rights in Islam, 16, 121-22, 137, 141-42, 143-44, 145, 304, 325-26, 437, 485, 487, 496, 543-44n18

Cairo Geniza, 605n40

Caldwell, Christopher, 437

Caliphate, 11, 12, 14, 31, 33, 42, 43, 59, 63, 89, 91, 101, 102, 119, 123, 126, 128, 172, 248, 257, 260-64, 267, 270, 278, 279, 332, 342, 369, 375, 383, 384, 399, 407, 411, 416, 491, 493, 494-95, 505-506, 532, 564n6, 663n25, 699-700n140

Caliphs and Their Non-Muslim Subjects, The (Tritton), 71-72

Call of Azan [prayer] from the Rubble of the World Trade Center (Rauf). See WhatS Right with Islam (Rauf)

Cambridge History of Islam, The (journal), 72

Cameron, David, 571n64

Canada, 148, 392, 395, 404, 437

Cape Canaveral, Florida, 349

Cardozo, Benjamin, 143

Carlson, John Roy, 256

USS Carl Vinson (ship), 472

Carmon, Yigal, 358

Carre, Olivier, 421

Catalonia, Spain, 178

Catholic Church, 45-46, 48, 103, 190-99, 260, 320, 361, 368, 434, 501, 595-96n8, 596-97n18, 657n9

Catholic University (Munich), 156

CBS News (TV network), 231

Centanni, Steve, 196

Center for Immigration Studies, 170

Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding at Georgetown University, 408

Center for Security Policy (CSP), 129, 483

Central Institute of the Islam Archive of Germany, 592n19

Chabad House, 203

Chachnama (Kufi), 205-206

Chakrabhrit temple, 207

Chalabi, Ahmed, 445, 446

Chaldean Catholic Church, 361

Chambers, John, 695n11

Chambers, Whittaker, 279-80, 496, 497-537, 695n11

Chandler, Walter, 245

Charen, Mona, 191

Charlie Hebdo (magazine), 291-92

Charter of Rights and Freedom (Canada), 148

Cheney, Dick, 555n20

Chesterton, G. K., 13, 501-502, 540n7

China, 26, 172, 196, 398, 401, 469, 505

Chirac, Jacques, 173, 297

Christianity, 14, 37, 92, 103, 116, 141, 183, 190, 193-94, 198, 204, 242, 253, 278^_, 320, 347, 365, 368, 379, 434, 443, 467, 481, 493, 501, 508, 519, 528-29, 536, 598-99n46, 653n13. See also Catholic Church

Christians, 12, 25, 36-38, 88, 100, 101, 105, 113, 141, 167, 174, 191, 198, 214, 225, 253, 272, 278, 309, 323-24, 364, 381, 426, 428, 475, 476-78, 479, 480, 481-82, 492, 501, 520

in Afghanistan, 141, 354, 361

in Albania, 184, 273

in Algeria, 423

in Anatolia, 384

in Armenia, 27, 93-98, 174, 243-44, 273, 274, 278, 320, 620-21n91

in Asia Minor, 27, 194, 365

Assyrian Christians, 444, 446-47

in the Balkans, 91, 174, 185, 188, 197, 365, 488, 562n184

in Bosnia, 182-83, 187-88, 273

in Bulgaria, 215, 243, 273

in Byzantium, 193-94, 273

Coptic Christians, 198-99, 226, 274, 384, 411, 422-23, 424

in Croatia, 273

as dhimmis, 34, 70-71, 73, 74, 76, 90-92, 141, 152-53, 217-19, 274, 275, 276, 303, 385, 388, 389, 578-79n33, 633-34n12

in Egypt, 232, 233, 411, 422-23, 424

in Greece, 96, 184, 274

in Herzegovina, 187-88, 273

in Hungary, 273, 365

Ibo Christians, 196, 598n39

in India, 195

in Indonesia, 197, 398, 399, 400, 401

in Iraq, 141, 361, 595-96n8

Jacobite Christians, 274

and Mongols, 89, 90, 91

in Morocco, 485

in Nigeria, 196, 598n39

under the Ottomans, 91-93, 181, 182-86, 493

in Pakistan, 135-36, 321, 700-701n140

in Palestine, 210, 303, 426

in Poland, 273, 365

in Saudi Arabia, 536

in Serbia, 184, 273

in Spain, 82, 173, 175, 176, 177, 181, 369, 373-75, 376, 378-79, 648-49n37

in Spanish America, 379

in Sudan, 197, 437

in Timor, 657n9

treatment of in New York state texts, 380-81

in Turkey, 153, 187, 192, 194, 508

See also “People of the Book”

Christian Science Monitor (newspaper), 410

Chronicle (Michael the Syrian), 652n11

“Chronicom” (Bar Hebraeus), 653n13

Church and the Political Problem of Our Day, The (Barth), 256

Church of England, 566n12

Claremont Review of Books, 51

Clarke, James Freeman, 12, 528-29, 540n4

Clay, J., 484

Clot, A. B., 233

Cohler-Esses, Larry, 380, 381

Coigny, Mademoiselle de, 534

COIN strategy, 343-61

Colbert, Edward, 372, 374-75

Cold Friday (Chambers), 514-16, 521-22

Cologne, Germany, 239

Commins, David, 417

Commission on International Religious Freedom (US), 361

Committee of the Turkish Association, 94

Communism, 57, 97, 107, 108, 109, 129, 398, 428, 437, 457, 496, 699-700n140

as the twentieth century Islam, 497-537

See also anti-Communism

“Communism and Islam” (Lewis), 509

Communist Manifesto (Marx), 511-12

“Communists: Dr. Crankley’s Children” (Chambers), 511-12

Comoros code, 485-86

“Concept of an Islamic Republic, The” (Lewis), 57

Concise Encyclopedia of Islam (Gibb and Kramers), 460

Conquest, Robert, 107, 108, 109

Constantelos, Demetrios, 184-85

Constantinople, 181, 184, 187, 192, 260. See also Byzantium; Ottoman Empire

Coptic Christians, 198-99, 226, 274, 384, 411, 422-23, 424

Corbett, Sara, 312

Cordesman, Anthony, 348

Cordoba, Spain, 82, 177, 367-77, 648n31

Cordoba House, 124, 367-68

Corinth, 181

Corriere della Sera (newspaper), 85

Coughlin, Stephen, 327-28, 332, 352-53

Coulson, N. J., 116, 157-58

Council for Christian Colleges and Universities Presidents Conference, 197

Council on American-Islamic Relations, 53, 126

Counter Insurgency. See COIN strategy

Counter-terrorism Conference in Tehran, 357-58

Crimean War, 187

Croatia, 174, 215, 244, 245, 246, 273, 602n49

Crone, Patricia, 165, 196, 589n8

Crossman, Richard, 456-57, 537

Crown Court, 103

Crusades, the, 69, 81, 177, 260

Crystal Serenity (cruise ship), 53

CSP. See Center for Security Policy (CSP)

Cueppers, Martin, 248

Cullather, Nick, 349

Cumber, Sada, 140

Cumberland Law Review (journal), 148

Czechoslovakia, 247

Dadian, Vahakn, 243

Dagbladet (newspaper), 681n46

Daily Mail (newspaper), 291, 395-96

Daily Worker (newspaper), 497

Dajjal, 85, 208, 228, 262

Dakar Declaration, 335

Dakhil, Dafer, 453-54

Damascus, 23,24, 295, 368

Dante Alighieri, 534

Dar al Harb [Darul-Harb], 62-63, 64, 120, 133, 201, 273,

316, 365, 384, 608n15

Dar al Islam [Darul-Salam], 62, 63, 196-97, 201, 273, 316,

365, 402, 403, 608n15

Dar as-sulh, 608n15

Darby, J., 21

“Dark Passages” (Jenkins), 362-63

Darul Quran Mosque, 155

Darul-Uloom [Ulum] Deoband university, 208, 324, 602-

603n50

Darul-Uloom [Ulum] Kararchi university, 208, 324, 480, 602-

603n50

Darussalam, 486

Darwish, Nonie, 17, 424, 546n22

Dasti, Ali, 290

Ibn Daud, Abraham, 177, 375

Abu Dawud, 476

Day of Struggle for National Socialism, 239

Dearborn, Michigan, 483-87

Debal, 205

Decatur, Stephen, 330

Deccan Mujahideen, 200

Declaration on Human Rights in Islam. See Cairo Declaration on [of] Human Rights in Islam

Defamation of Religious Resolution (UN), 122-23

Defeat in the Village (Chambers), 497

Dehodencq, Alfred, 134

Delhi [Dihli], India, 24, 28-30

Delhi Sultanate, 23, 26, 205

Demetrius Cydones, 192

Democracy in America (Tocqueville), 353

Democratiya, 35

Denmark, 122, 131-33, 287-89, 321-22

Der Kardinal und die Germanen [Cardinal and the Germans,

The] (Leers), 298

Derna, bey of, 329-30

Dershowitz, Alan, 307-10

Der Spiegel (newspaper), 155, 158-59, 249, 288-89

Desert with No Precincts [Sahra Bil Ab'ad] (Qasimi), 451

Detroit, Michigan, 126

“Detroit Mosque Study: Muslim Views on Policy and Religion, The” (Bagby), 486-87, 495-96

Devshirme, 91-92, 181, 185-86, 197, 244, 503, 531, 562n184 Dhamar, 80

dhimmis, 34, 36, 37, 41-42, 70-72, 73, 74-75, 77, 78, 79, 86,

87, 89-91, 96, 105, 111, 123, 134, 141, 152, 157, 170, 174, 175, 176-77, 178-88, 192, 204, 206, 212, 213, 216-18, 219­

20, 223, 226, 227, 229, 245, 246, 272, 274-75, 276, 277, 284-85, 287-93, 303, 308, 309, 321, 373-74, 385, 388, 388­

89, 422-23, 426, 428, 435, 436, 446-47, 461, 578-79n33, 589n7, 621-22n2, 633-34n12

“Dialogue between Peoples and Cultures in the Euro­

Mediterranean Area” (European Commission), 169

“Dialogue Held with a Certain Persian, the Worthy Mouterizes in Ankara of Calatia,” 190-91, 192-95

Diane Rehm Show, The (radio show), 191

Dieng, Adama, 137, 145, 304

Die Vossische Zeitung (Koestler), 508

Dionysius of Tell Mahre, 385, 652n11

“District Assessment on Afghanistan” (Washington Post), 358

Djibouti, 486

Dr. Death. See Heim, Aribert Ferdinand

Doha Center (Brookings Institute), 410

“Don’t Fear Islamic Law in America” (Stern), 151

Doren, Mark Van. See Van Doren, Mark

Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 518

Douglass, Susan L., 382, 651-52n22

Dozy, Reinhart, 368-69

Dufourcq, Charles Emmanuel, 68, 134, 176, 189, 321, 367, 373-74

Duin, Julia, 197

Dunant—The Story of the Red Cross (Gumpert), 498

Durie, Marak, 313-14

Dutch Labor Party, 434

Dwat-e-Islami, 684-86n1

East Timor, 398-99, 657n9

Eaton, William, 328-31, 332

Eco, Umberto, 123

Ecumenism, myth of, 367-77

Egypt, 42, 43-44, 49, 60, 61, 77, 83, 84, 87, 89, 115, 119, 120, 141, 147, 177, 198-99, 213-14, 226, 231, 231-38, 232, 239­

59, 250, 267, 270, 278-79, 287, 299, 300, 305, 314, 336, 342, 371, 384, 399, 403, 406-424, 486, 494, 502-503, 520, 532, 596-97n18, 598n39, 605n40, 607n3, 622n6, 661-62n8, 669n84, 673n5, 675-76n16

Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, 263, 264, 526, 546n23, 564n6, 566n13

See also Al Azhar University; Gaza

Egyptian Islamic Jihad, 44

Egyptian Nazi Party, 239, 248

Eichmann, Adolf, 247

El Alamein, Egypt, 248

Emergence of Modern Turkey, The (Lewis), 93-94, 95

Emerick, Yahiya, 127-28, 381

Encyclopedia of Islam (Brill), 54, 116-17, 145, 384, 386, 460, 481, 524-25

Engelhardt, Edouard, 187

England, Gordon, 327

Enlightenment, 535, 536

Islamic Enlightenment, 387

Western Enlightenment, 42, 171, 190, 289, 304, 377, 431, 439, 534-36

Ennahda Party (Tunisia), 691n12

Enola Gay (B-29 aircraft), 440

Episcopalian Church, 518

Erbakan, Necmettin, 154, 544-46n21

Erdogan, Recep Tayyip, 17, 488-89, 544-46n21

Esposito, John, 408

Esquire.com, 231

Eurabia (journal), 295-96

Eurabia: The Euro-Arab Axis (Bat Ye’or), 170, 294-95, 297

Euro-Arab Dialogue Forum, 297

Europe, 12, 14, 34, 39, 43, 59, 61, 94, 96, 97, 103-104, 133­

34, 153, 169-89, 196, 215, 220, 234, 243, 247, 251-52, 255, 257-58, 259, 261, 273, 275, 277-78, 294-97, 299-300, 304, 329, 365, 368, 376-77, 399, 404, 423, 435-36, 493, 502, 507-508, 511, 521, 533-34, 589n7, 609n27

European Commission, 169

European Union, 294, 432, 436, 571n64

See also names of specific regions and countries, i.e., Balkans, Denmark, France, etc.

European Committee for the Coordination of Friendship Associations, 295

European Community Commission, 295

European Council for Fatwa and Research [European Fatwa Council], 66, 126, 132, 133, 171, 338, 566n13

European Parliamentary Association for Euro-Arab Cooperation, 295, 296

Execution of a Moroccan Jewess (Dehodencq), 134

“Explanatory Memorandum on the General Strategic Goal for the Group in America, An” (Muslim Brotherhood), 126, 279, 532

Ibn Ezra, Abraham, 177, 375

Fadlallah, Husayn, 223, 224

el Fadle, Khaled Abou, 301-304, 305-306, 307, 436

Fairfax, Virginia, 127

Faisalbad, Pakistan, 136

“Faith, Reason and the University” (Benedict XVI), 190

Faith and Power (Lewis), 51

Ibn Farhun, 157, 586-87n26

Farid, Tarek Hussein. See Heim, Aribert Ferdinand

Fascism, 255, 257, 270, 297, 306, 420, 428, 499, 500, 513, 598n39, 610n14

Islamo-Fascism, 300

“Ur Fascism,” 123, 298, 306

Fatah, 615n6

al-Fatiha [fatihah], 260, 474-75, 481-82, 676-77n19, 688n6

Fatimids, 232, 502, 503

Fattal, Antoine, 315, 316

fatwas [fetva], 85, 92, 105, 126, 127, 133-34, 137, 148, 171, 199, 213, 234, 235, 265, 267, 286, 339, 395, 398, 411, 430, 439, 444, 446, 463-64, 465, 466, 468-71, 592-93n25, 604n17, ~608nn15,17, 617n40, 619n63, 657n36, 675-76n16, 681n46, 687nn20-22

Feiz, Sheikh, 550-51n35

Feldman, Noah, 307-309

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), 311-14, 466, 468-69, 675- 76n16

Fez, Morocco, 79, 80, 82, 89, 135, 177, 375

FGM. See Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)

Finkielkraut, Alain, 172

Fiqh [Islamic jurisprudence], 15, 115-16, 145, 149, 341, 394, 465,466, 581-83n25, 589-90n10

FIS. See Islamic Salvation Front (FIS)

Fischel, Walter, 89, 90, 220

Fitzgerald, Michael, 596-97n18

“Fjendebilleder og volsforestillinger i islamiske grundtekster” [“Images of enemies and conceptions of violence in Islamic core scriptures”] (Magaard), 364

Flagstad, Kirsten, 695n11

Fletcher, Richard, 376

Foda, Farag, 305

Fort Hood massacre, 337-39, 340-42

Fox News (TV network), 124, 196, 317, 337

Framingham Study, 549-50n15

France, 55, 117, 169-70, 171, 172, 173, 276, 331, 525, 534, 590-91n14, 592-93n25

French Revolution, 60, 74, 501

Freedom and Justice party (Egypt), 421

Friedman, Saul S., 75

From Everywhere to Everywhere (Nazir Ali), 151

Frontiers in Muslim-Christian Encounters (Nazir Ali), 151

Function of Documents in Islamic Law (Wakin), 674n11

Fyzee, Asaf “A. A. A.,” 14, 427, 542n12

Gabrieli, Francesco, 15, 543n16

Gaffney, Frank, 129

Gairdner, W. H. T., 67-68, 426, 672n1

Galeb, Adham Mustafa, 231

Gamaa Islamiya. See Jama'a al-Islamiya [Gemaa Islamiyya]

Ganor, Boaz, 333

Garang, John, 260

al-Garbi, Iqbal, 41-42

Gardet, Louis, 522

Gardiki, 181

Gaza, 37, 85, 261, 263, 265, 276, 296, 303, 407, 408, 617n27, 661-62n8

Geisel, Theodore, 441-42

Gellner, Ernest, 428-29, 673n7

Gemaa Islamiyya, 421

Gemeah, Muhammad, 549n2

Geniza, 38, 73, 74, 88-89, 212, 218, 605n40

George Saieg v. City of Dearborn, 483-87

Georgetown University, Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding, 408

Georgia, 26,27, 30

Gerber, Jane, 367-68, 376

Germany, 152-56, 158-60, 171, 239-40, 246, 249, 255, 270, 298, 420, 511, 592n19, 663n34

Nazi Germany, 165, 229-30, 239-41, 242-45, 246-47, 249, 251, 255, 256-57, 498, 513, 602n49, 621n1

Gertz, Bill, 327

Ghaffar, Rana Abdul, 136

Ghannouchi, Rachid, 485, 691n12

Al Ghazali [Ghazzali] (jurist, d. 1111), 71, 144-45, 214, 217­

18, 271, 492

al-Ghazali [Ghazzali], Muhammad (Muslim Brotherhood theologian, d. 1996), 304, 305, 523-24

Ghazan (Mongol ruler), 90

Ghaznavids, 205

Ghazni. See Afghanistan

Ghazni, Mahmud of, 206-207, 380, 650n10

Ghent, Treaty of, 330

al-Ghobash, Ala Eldin Mohammed Ismail, 85

Ghonim, Wael, 407, 661-62n8

Gibb, Hamilton, 72, 460, 522-23

Gibson, Charles, 379

Gil, Mose, 68, 385

Gingrich, Newt, 107-10, 129, 424, 567n7

Gobineau, Arthur de, 347

God 's Continent (Jenkins), 294

God That Failed, The (Crossman), 437, 456-57, 537

God Who Hates, A (Sultan), 390, 448-57

Goebbels, Josef, 250, 252, 298

Gogh, Theo Van, 290, 433

Goitein, Shlomo Dov [S. D.], 38, 72, 73-74, 88-89, 212, 218, 231-32

Gokalp, Ziya, 488-89

Golden Age of Reason. See Mutazilites

Golden Gate Bridge (San Francisco, California), 349

Golden Horde, 24

Goldhagen, Daniel, 229-30

Goldziher, Ignaz, 12, 42, 383-84, 386-87, 413, 414-16, 417, 539-40n3, 672n2

Gonen, Yoav, 378, 381

Google.com, 407, 661-62n8 el-Gowhary, Maher, 140

Graham, Lindsey O., 355

Granada, Spain, 80-81, 176-77, 375, 376

Granada Mosque, 171, 376

Greek War of Independence, 184

Greenfield, Dan, 338

Ground Zero Mosque project, 124, 367-68

Grousset, Rene, 21, 22, 23-24, 25-26, 30

Grunebaum, Gustave von, 13, 101, 282-83, 305, 462, 523-24, 541n9, 565n8

Guantanamo Bay prison, 46

Guardian (newspaper), 172

Guillaume, Alfred, 67

Guillaume de Munte (brother), 25

Gul, Abdullah, 544-46n21

Gurian, Waldemar, 255

GZM. See Ground Zero Mosque project

Ha'aretz (newspaper), 95

Ibn Habib, 373, 648n31

Habibullah, Imam, 354-55

Hachuel, Sol, 134-35

Hacker, Joseph, 181

hadd [hudud] punishments, 110, 112, 114, 120, 156, 158, 271,

308, 396, 409, 411, 418, 422, 468, 578-79n33, 633-34n12

Haddad, Ronald, 483

Hafiz Abru, 548n30

Ibn Hafsun, 369

Haim, Sylvia, 236, 608n15

al-Haj [Hajj], Hatem, 149, 466, 467-69, 687n20

al-Hajjaj, 205-206

al-Hakam I (emir of Cordoba), 374

al-Hakim (Fatimid ruler), 232

Hakohen, Mordechai, 81-82

Halabjaee, Mariwan, 137, 446, 681n46

Halachic Law, 308

Hallaq, Wael B., 118-19, 570n58

Hamas, 76, 85, 211, 224, 227-28, 234, 254, 260-65, 267, 315­

16, 317, 365-66, 615n6, 617n27, 661-62n8

Hamid, Shadi, 410

Hamidullah, Muhammad, 101, 164, 564-65n7

Hanafis [al-Hanafiyyah], 62, 73, 105, 144, 149, 151, 178, 315,

372, 397, 428, 466, 589-90n10, 604n17, 608n15, 617n40

bin Hanbal, Ahmad, 397

Hanbalis [Hanbalites], 144, 151, 269, 397, 414, 419, 604n17, 608n15, 617n40, 663n24

Handzar Division of SS, 244, 246

Abu Hanifa [Hanifah], 62, 73, 315, 397

ul Haq, Zharoor, 391

Harvard University, 148, 301-306, 307-10

al-Hasan, 619n63

Hasan, Nidal Malik, 337-39, 340-42

Hashemite-Saudi conflict, 416-17

Hassan, Sadiqul, 465

Hastings, Michael, 347

ibn Hatim, Adi [‘Adi], 476, 477

Hauschild, Jorn, 158

Hayek, Michel, 282, 621-22n2

Ibn Hazm (son), 188, 375

Ibn Hazm, Ahmed ibn Said (father), 373

Heffening, W., 145

Hegel, G. F., 511

Heidegger, Martin, 198

Heiden, Louis, 250

Heim, Aribert Ferdinand, 248-50

Heisig, Kirsten, 158

Helmand Valley Project, 349-50

Herodotus, 128-29

Herzegovina, 174, 187-88, 215, 244-45, 273

Hewitt, Hugh, 288

Heyd, Uriel, 119, 488-89

Hezbollah, 76, 85, 211, 223, 224, 227, 446

Hiatt, Fred, 288

Higazi, Safwat, 406-407

Higgins, Holly Barnes, 349-50

High Election Commission (Egypt), 421

al-Hilali, Muhammad, 475, 476, 689n14

Hillel, David d’Beth, 220

al-Hilli, 214

Hillsdale College, 53

Himmler, Heinrich, 244-45, 247, 610-11n23

Hindus, 27, 28-29, 36, 71, 194-96, 200-210, 248, 470,

650n10

as dhimmis, 71, 175, 217, 275, 303, 388

See also India [Hindustan]

Hiroshima, 440

Hirschfeld, Hartwig, 75, 212

Hirsi Ali, Ayaan, 42, 123, 289-90, 320, 433-39, 681n46

Ibn Hisham, 75

Hiskett, Mervyn, 120-21, 429, 673n8

Hiss, Alger, 498, 512, 517

Histoire de l'Espagne Musulmane (Levi-Provencal), 134, 369

Histoire des Musselmans d'Espagne [History of the Muslims in Spain, A] (Dozy), 368-69

“History of Western Culture, The” series (Life), 499, 533-34 Hitchens, Christopher, 367

Hitchens, Peter, 669n84

Hitler, Adolf, 165, 240-41, 242, 243, 245, 247, 251, 255, 258, 299, 513, 549n2

Holocaust-deniers, 229

Holy Land Foundation, 279, 532

Hoover Dam, 349

Hoover Institution, 333

Horseman Without a Horse (TV series), 84-85

Hourani, Albert, 15, 542-43n15

House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), 498 Hudaybiyyay, treaty of, 315-16, 317

Ibn Hudayl, 65-66

Hudson Institute, 422

Huizinga, Johan, 297, 300

“Huizinga before the Abyss: The von Leers Incident at the

University of Leiden, April 1933” (Otterspeer), 297

Human Rights Commission (UN), 339, 366, 675-76n16 Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 74

Hungary, 174, 182, 215, 247, 273, 365

Huntington, Samuel, 16, 65, 138, 365, 544n20

Abu [Ibn] Huraira [Hurairah], 68, 254, 506

Hurgronje, C. Snouck, 12, 100-101, 162, 189, 399, 493-94, 540n5, 564n2

“Hurmuz” (Persian leader), 67

Hurriyya [freedom], 53-54, 98, 116, 499, 522-31

Husayn (shah), 219

al-Husayn, al Tahir b., 385

Husayn, Sharif, 417

Hussain, Rashad, 140

Hussamudin-Pasa, 183

Hussein, Saddam, 137, 361, 442, 446

el-Husseini, Amin, 207-208, 245-46, 247, 252

el-Husseini, Musa Kazem, 611-12n38

Huxley, Aldous, 317-19

Ibo Christians, 196, 598n39

Ibrahim, Moussa, 396

Ibrahim bin Shahrukh (sultan), 548n30

ICNA. See Islamic Circles of North America (ICNA)

Idiot, The (Dostoevsky), 518

Ignatius, David, 358

Ihsanoglu, Ekmeleddin, 131, 132, 140, 325, 336

‘Ijlin Mosque, 276

Ikhwan. See Muslim Brotherhood (MB)

IkhwanWeb (website), 270, 410, 411

I'lam al-muwaqqain [Ilaam ul Muwaqqieen an Rabb il Alameen] [Advice for Those Who Write on Behalf of the Lords of the World] (Qayyim al-Jawziyya), 415

Ili, 24, 26

Illustrierte (newspaper), 251

Al-Imam, Nagla, 140

Inalcik, Halil, 179

“In a Tunisian Oasis” (Huxley), 318-19

Independent (newspaper), 394

India [Hindustan], 20, 23, 26-28, 29-30, 36, 146, 195, 196,

197, 200-210, 215, 241, 248, 282, ~287, 324, 333, 334, 335, 354, 380, 394, 463, 464, 470-71, 650n10. See also Delhi [Dihli]; Hindus; Kashmir

Indonesia, 42, 43, 49, 115, 119, 147, 196, 197, 278, 279, 311­14, 342, 397-400, 399, ~401-~403, 494, 532, 540n5, 630-31n5

Indo-Pakistan War of 1965, 282

Institute for Social Policy Understanding, 486-87, 495

Institute for the Study of Zionism, 250

Institute of Islamic Education, 377

Intercontinental Hotel of Kabul, 359

“Inter-Cultural Conference” in Tehran, 276

International Institute of Islamic Thought, 47

International Relations Society (Oxford), 360

International Union for Muslim Scholars (IUMS), 148, 466

Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) (Pakistan), 359

Introduction to History (Khaldun), 338

Introduction to Islamic Law, An (Schacht), 156-57

Investigative Project on Terrorism, 128

Iqbal, Muhammad, 201-202

Iran, 20, 26, 78, 82, 85-86, 115, 119, 123-24, 148, 167, 211­30, 248, 276, 303, 321, 325, 357-58, 399, 434, 439, 445, 446, 466, 486, 544-46n12, 548n30, 661-62n8. See also Persia

Iraq, 22, 23, 24, 61, 67, 98, 115, 123-24, 133, 137, 141, 165, 196, 205, 215, 246, 273, 308, 309, 310, 314, 337, 348, 349, 357-58, 361, 409, 436, 442, 443-47, 544~-46n12, 595-96n8, 681n46

Irene (empress), 63

“Isa, the Muslim Jesus” (Durie), 313

Isa/Jesus, 76, 77, 85, 197, 225, 226, 228, 262, 313

ISC. See Islamic Sharia Council in Britain (ISC)

Isfahan, massacre of 1387, 24

Abu Ishaq (jurist and poet), 81, 177

Ibn Ishaq [Muhammad bin Ishaq] (author Sirat Rasul Allah), 67, 75, 588-89n6, 617-18n42

ISI. See Inter-Services Intelligence (Pakistan)

Islam, Hesham, 327

Islam: A Christian Perspective (Nazir Ali), 151

Islam and Modernism (Usmani), 341

Islam and Modernism in Egypt (Adams), 413

Islam and the Jews (Husseini), 246

“Islam and Western Democracies” (Legatus Summit), 197

Islam: A Sacred Law: What Every Muslim Should Know about Sharia (Rauf), 125

“Islam Bombs Satire in Paris to Enforce Sharia” (West), 291

Islamic Circles of North America (ICNA), 126, 128

Islamic Cultural Center, London, 121

Islamic Enlightenment, 387

“Islamic Extremism” A Viable Threat to US National

Security” (US State Department), 495

Islamic Foundation of North America, 127, 381

“Islamic Fundamentalism in the German Federal Republic” (Binswanger), 152

Islamic history, teaching of, 378-82, 458-62

Islamic League of Kurdistan, 681n46

Islamic Milli Gorus [National Vision], 544-46n21

Islamic rationalism, 383-89

Islamic Republic of Pakistan. See Pakistan

Islamic Research Academy. See Academy of Islamic Research (Al Azhar University)

“Islamic Revival in Turkey” (Lewis), 57

Islamic Salafist Boy Scout Battalions [Kataab Ashbal Al Islam Al Salafi], 595-96n8

Islamic Salvation Front (FIS), 663n34

Islamic Sharia Council in Britain (ISC), 394, 656n25

Islamic Society of New York (ISNY), 549n2

Islamic Summit Conference, 335

“Islamic Theology: Sharia and Human Rights Doctrine”

(Stavis), 301

Islamikaze (Israeli), 404-405

“Islam in Europe” conference, 171

“Islam in the Classroom—What the Textbooks Tell Us”

(Sewall), 381, 458-60

Islamism, 317, 320, 322, 403, 434

“Islam Is Not a Religion of Pacifists” (Khomeini), 215-16

Islamists, 317, 320, 403

Islam ki Askari Zindagi (Mashriqi), 241

Islamo-Nazism, 239-59

Islam Online (website), 409

Islamophilia, 52, 239, 285, 368, 378-82, 544n19

Islamophobia, 47, 122, 132, 439, 455

“Islam Which Distances Itself from Violence, An” (Adam), 156

Ismail I (shah), 219, 222

Isna temple, 207

ISNY See Islamic Society of New York (ISNY)

Israel, Jonathan, 42

Israel, state of, 64, 76, 80, 83, 85, 133, 165, 209, 211-12, 213­16, 221, 234, 248, 249, 254, 265, 277, 295, 296, 308, 354, 357, 366, 419, 420, 446, 520-21

jihad/violence against, 34, 84, 85, 133, 170, 171, 211, 213, 221, 223-24, 229-30, 233, 236, 254, 260-80, 282, 294, 300, 338-39, 366, 407, 409, 411, 419, 423, 544-46n21

See also Gaza; Jerusalem; Zionism

Israeli, Raphael, 404

Istanbul, Turkey, 320, 488, 494

Istanbul Youth Group, 544-46n21

Abu ‘Ita, Muhsen, 260

Italy, 45, 85, 108, 134, 171, 199, 246, 247, 257, 260, 268, 443

IUMS. See International Union for Muslim Scholars (IUMS)

I Will Bear Witness (Klemperer), 412

Jackson, Robert H., 102, 159-60, 565n10

Jacobite Christians, 274

Jaffa, 611-12n38

Jagataites, 26

al-Jahiz, 36, 37-38

Jaime I (king of Aragon), 178

Ibn Jama’a, 56-57

Jama’a al-Islamiya [Gemaa Islamiyya], 44, 670n90

Jamaat Ahl-e-Sunnat Pakistan (JASP), 684-86n1

Jami-i-Abbasi (Amili), 215

Jammu, Raja of, 207

Janissaries, 92-93, 185, 192, 245, 408, 503, 530-31

Jansen, Johannes J. G., 285-86, 417-18, 622n6

Japan, 440-43, 447

“Jasmine revolution,” 485

JASP. See Jamaat Ahl-e-Sunnat Pakistan (JASP)

Java, Indonesia, 314, 399, 402

Jeanty, Helen, 610-11n23

Jefferson, Thomas, 276, 277, 330, 331-32

Jeffery, Arthur, 67-68

Jeffry, James, 544-46n21

Jelair Sultanate, 22, 24

Jenghiz Khan, 23, 30

Jenkins, Phillip, 294, 297, 362-63

Jerusalem, 85, 87, 108, 207, 228, 245, 248, 252-53, 262, 275,

295, 323, 407-408. See also Israel, state of

Jesus. See Isa/Jesus

Jews, 71, 74, 75, 76, 77, 113, 428

in Aden, 83

in Afghanistan, 354-55

in Algeria, 423

in America, 260-80, 380m539n1

in Armenia, 243-44

in Bahrain, 83

in Bulgaria, 247

and the Caliphate, 36-38, 78, 89, 101, 215, 227, 248, 252, 299, 493, 699-700n140

as children of Israel, 76, 77, 199, 208, 224, 226, 261, 275, 560n125

in Czechoslovakia, 247

as dhimmis, 70-71, 74-75, 77, 79, 88, 89, 90, 133, 175-76, 204, 217-19, 225-27, 274-75, 303, 385, 388, 389, ~422-

23

in Egypt, 83, 231-38, 240, 248, 252, 265-67, 270-71, 422, 423

in France, 171

and Germany, 229, 243-44, 246, 247, 258-59, 299, 602n49, 610-11n23

hatred and violence against, 12, 33, 34-35, 39, 70-89, 113, 120, 127, 134-35, 153, 164-66, 209, 211-12, 219-20, 222, 223-25, 227, 237, 249, ~253-55, 258, 292, 299, 323­24, 339, 344, 364, 385-86, 428, 439, 456, 475-77, 479­80, 481-82, 492, 507, 528, 550-51n35, 689n14

in Hungary, 247

in India, 200-210

in Iran, 82, 211-30

in Iraq, 82, 444, 445

and Israel, 48, 133, 207, 213, 229, 248, 260-80, 366, 407, 409, 411, 423

of the Khaybar, 77-79, 100, 226, 246, 254, 262, 272, 602n49

in Libya, 83, 422

in Medina, 299

and Mongols, 89-90, 91

in Morocco, 79-80, 82, 134-35

in North Africa, 81-82

in the Ottoman Empire, 181-82

and the Ottomans, 275

and Palestine, 207, 210, 213-14, 227, 245-46, 247-48, 260, 261-62, 263, 275-76, 426, 616n16

in Persia, 220

in Poland, 247, 251

in Rumania, 247

and September 11, 2001, 549n2

in Spain, 80-81, 82, 175, 176-78, 255, 373-76

in Syria, 83

in Thrace, 178

treatment of in New York state texts, 380-81

in Tunisia, 422

in Turkey, 82, 508, 544-46n21

in Yemen, 79-80, 82

See also Judaism; “People of the Book”

“Jews' Attitude Towards Islam and Muslims in the First

Islamic Era” (Meshad), 236-37

Jews in the Koran and the Traditions [Banu Israil fi al-Quran wa-al Sunnah] (Tantawi), 83, 266, 588-89n6

jihad [djihad], 17, 25-27, 31, 36, 39, 41, 42, 44, 47, 48, 62-63, 64-71, 81, 82, 85, 86-87, 93, 96, 101, 108-109, 110, 111, 113, 115, 119, 123, 124, 125-27, 128, 132, 134, 157, 196­97, 282, 288, 290-91, 297, 298, 299-300, 301-303, 307­308, 309, 316, 321, 323, 327-28, 330-32, 343-44, 345, 346, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352-53, 354, 360, 363-66, 369, 371, 375, 377, 398-99, 401, 406-409, 411-12, 414, 423, 433, 435, 436-37, 439, 442, 447, 453, 460-61, 490-93, 502-503,

509-10, 531, 537, 578-79n33, 589n7, 598n39, 601-602n33,

609n27, 615n6, ~633-34n12, 645n5, 650n10, 681n46, 684- 86n1

against America, 133, 260-80, 411, 469, 488-96, 532 and Assembly of Muslim Jurists of America, 463-71 as covered in textbooks and education, 378-82, 458-62 cultural Jihadism, 138, 304, 338, 378-82

“defensive jihad,” 199, 341, 470

in Indonesia, 397-400, 401-405

against Israel, 133, 170, 171, 211, 213-14, 260-80, 407­408, 409, 446

Jihad bi-l-saif, 241

and the Mutazilites, 42, 383-89

and Nazism, 239-59

Nidal Malik Hasan’s vision of, 337-39, 340-42

offensive jihad, 198, 199, 469-70

and Sharia law, 161-68, 169-89, 190-99, 200-10, 211-30, 231-38, 239-59, ~260-80

war within Islam, 333-36

See also Dar al Harb

Jihad Fund, 297

John Joseph (bishop), 136

Johnson, Alan, 33-44

Jones, Bobbi Kaye, 458

Jones, James, 211

Jones, Richard, 554-55n20

Jones, Terry, 356

Jordan, 115, 120, 147, 166, 248, 265, 289, 339, 403, 486

Journal of the American Oriental Society, 674n11

Judaism, 12, 37, 45, 69, 164-65, 178, 223, 252, 253, 528, 544-46n21, 588-89n6. See also Jews

Judea, 261, 265, 296

Judeophobia, 170-71. See also anti-Semitism

Judges without Laws [Richter ohne Gesetz] (Wagner), 155, 158

Abu-Juhaifa, 635n12

Jumna River, 27-28

Jyllands-Posten (newspaper), 131, 287-89

Kabbani, Hisham, 495

Kabul, Afghanistan, 136, 353, 354, 355, 359, 443

Kambakhsh, Pervez, 136-37, 443

Kammerhofer, Konstantin, 245

Kandahar Province, 358

Kanun-i-Rayah, 182, 183

Kaplan, Cemalettin, 152

Kaplan, Robert, 87-88

Karachi, 248

Karachi, Pakistan, 57, 146, 208, 324, 480, 589-90n10, 602- 603n50

Kara Shahr, 24

Karimi, Enayatullah, 354

Karpel, Dalia, 95

Karzai, Hamid, 136, 353, 355, 357, 360, 442, 443

Kash [Sharh-i-Sebz] (“Green City”), 23

Kashmir, 202, 204, 205, 206-208, 248

Kataab Ashbal Al Islam Al Salafi [Islamic Salfist Boy Scout

Battalions], 595-96n8

Ibn Kathir, 70, 75, 76-77, 209, 225, 323, 417, 477, 588-89n6, 617-18n42, 674n12

Kbir, Rabah, 663n34

Kedar, M., 489-91

Keller, Nuh Ha Mim, 314

Kemalism, 40

Kendal, Elizabeth, 140-41

Kepel, Gilles, 173

Khadduri, Majid, 174

Khader, Ali Ben. See Baumann, Walter “Ali Ben Khader” al-Khadr, Abd Al-Rahman, 114, 578-79n33

Khaksar Movement, 241

Ibn Khaldun, 173-74, 214-15, 271, 272-73, 338, 429, 492, 541n9

Khalid b. al-Walid, 67

El-Khalidi, Hashem, 289

Khalidi, Tarif, 323

Khamenei, Ali, 212, 223, 357-58

Khan, Ali, 148

Khan, Faizul, 338

Khan, Muhammad (translator), 475, 476, 689n14

Khan, Muhammad ‘Inayat Allah. See “Mashriqi” pen name

Khan, Muqtedar, 188

Khartoum, Sudan, 114, 197, 406, 411, 437

Khatm al Bukhari [finishing reading Bukhari], 645n12

Khatm al-Koran [finishing reading the Koran], 645n12

Khaybar oasis and death of Muhammad, 77-79, 226, 227, 246, 254, 262, 272, 602n49

al-Khidr, 633-34n12

Khomeini, Ayatollah, 153, 211-12, 215-16, 219, 221-30, 308

Khosrew, Molla, 178, 179

al-Khudri, Abu Said, 654-55n15

Kierkegaard, Soren, 197-98

Kilpatrick, David, 422

al-Kinani, 373, 648n31

King, Peter, 464, 471, 497

Kipling, Rudyard, 353

Kitah Futuh al-Buldan (Baladhuri), 205

Klemperer, Victor, 412

Knudsen, Morris, 349

Koestler, Arthur, 457, 505, 508-509, 537

Kohl, Josef, 249

Koran. See Qur’an [Alcoran, Koran]

Koran and the Life of Muhammad, The (Bluitgen), 288

Kramers, J. H., 460

Krauthammer, Charles, 315-16, 317-19

Krekar, Mullah, 681n46

Kremer, Alfred von, 100, 563-64n1

Kritobulos, 180, 181

Krivitsky, Walter, 514

Kuala Lumpur, 486

al-Kufi, 205

Kuntzel, Matthias, 35

Kuperion, Stephan, 158

Kurdistan, 137, 314, 393, 445, 446, 681n46. See also Iraq

Kuwait, 41, 115, 295, 486

Labuan, 486

bin Laden, Osama, 360

sea-burial prayer service, 472-82

Laffin, John, 140, 551-52n43

Lal, K. S., 68, 138, 195, 207, 429, 650n10, 673-74n9

Lambton, Ann, 72-73, 560n113

Landau, Jacob, 233

Lane, E. W., 173, 214, 232-33, 271, 364

Langan, Sean, 334

“Last Orientalist.” See Lewis, Bernard

La Trahison des Clercs [The Treason of the Intellectuals] (Benda), 411-12

Lau, Israel Meir, 84, 238, 267

Laws of Islamic Governance, The (Mawardi), 70, 175, 216, 274, 506

Layard, Henry, 320

Lazarus-Yafeh, Hava, 525-26

Lear, Tobias, 330

Leaving Islam (Warraq), 42, 433, 437, 456-57

Lebanon, 148

Lebel, Jennie, 244-45

Lee, Terry, 337

Leers, Johannes “Omar Amin” von, 250-55, 257-59, 298­

300, 612-13n55

Le Figaro (newspaper), 291, 505

Left Israel Foundation, 263

Legacy of Islamic Antisemitism, The (Bostom), 34, 35-36, 48,

83, 203, 213, 237, 266, 403

Legacy of Islamic Totalitarianism, The (Bostom). See Sharia versus Freedom (Bostom)

Legacy of Jihad, The (Bostom), 48, 199, 204, 213, 315, 364,

403

Legal Rulings of the Koran, The (Qurtubi), 476

Legatus Summit, 197

Leiden University, 298, 300, 434

Lemay, Curtis, 282, 621n1

L 'Empire Des Steppes (Grousset), 30

Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich [Ulyanov], 512

“Letter to Hitler” (Sadat), 251

“Letter to Norman Douglas” (Huxley), 317

Levi-Provencal, Evariste, 134, 175, 367, 369-70, 372-73

Levy, Gabby, 544-46n21

Lewis, Bernard, 116-18, 509-10, 524-25, 554-55n20, 562n184

and the legacy of Islamic confusion, 51-98

Lewis, John David, 440

Lia, Brynjar, 257, 267-68

Libya, 83, 276, 331, 390, 395-96, 422, 423, 486, 554-55n20

Lictheim, Richard, 244

Life (magazine), 499, 533-34

Lightning Bolts against the Jews (Majlisi), 219

Lindholm, Charles, 286, 623n8

Littman, David, 137, 145, 221, 263, 322, 339, 675-76n16

Loeb, Laurence, 219

Loehr, Alexander, 243

Logan, Lara, 231-38, 607n3

London, Joshua, 328-31

Looming Tower, The (Wright), 35

Los Angeles Times (newspaper), 453-54

Los Angeles United School District, 453

Lüttke, Moritz, 233

Lyautey, Hubert, 540n6

Maariful[Ma'ariful] Qur 'an (Shafi), 146, 324, 480

MacArthur, Douglas, 440, 441, 442

MacDonald, Duncan B., 460-61

MacGregor, Douglas, 347

Madani, Muhammad Asrar, 135, 321

al-Madhi, Muhammad Ibrahim, 276, 303

Madison, James, 330

Madrid train bombings, 377

Magaard, Tina, 363-64, 365

al-Maghili, 81

Maghreb, 178

al-Mahalli, Jalalu’d-Din, 478-79, 588-89n6

Mahdism, 58-86, 228, 426

Mahmud (shah), 220

Mahmud of Ghazni, 206-207, 380, 502, 650n10

Maimonides, Moses, 77-78, 177, 227, 367, 375

Ibn Maja, 265 al-Majlisi, Mohammad Baqer, 219-20

Majorca, Spain, 178

Majumdar, R. C., 205, 206

Makhtbhanuth Zabhne (Bar Hebraeus), 653n13

Malaysia, 124, 148, 314, 377, 466, 486

Maldives, 115, 486

Malfuzat-i-Timuri, 26, 27-28, 29

Malik, Habib, 197, 198

Malik, S. K., 200, 202, 619n63

Malik bin [ibn] Anas, 68, 397

Malikis, 134, 144, 175, 315, 375, 397, 581-83n25, 586-

87n26, 604n17, 608n15, 617n40

Malin, Abubakar Hassan, 595-96n8

Mallman, Klaus-Michael, 248

Malraux, Andre, 508

Mamelukes, 21

Mamet, David, 497

Mamluks, 663n24

Ma’moun, Hasan, 214, 234, 265, 604n17, 608n15, 617n40 al-Mamun (caliph), 383, 384, 385-86

“Mandate for Palestine” (US Congress), 245

Manji, Irshad, 436

al-Mansur, Abu Yusuf Yaqub, 369, 375

Manuel II Palaeologus, 190-91, 192-95

Manz, Beatrice Forbes, 25, 26

Mapping Shariah Project, 126-27

al-Maqqari, 66

Margoliouth, David S., 598-99n46

Marriage of Figaro (Beaumarchais), 287

Martand Temple, 207

Martel, Charles, 277-78, 493

Marvels of Destiny in the History of Timur (Arabshah), 21

Marwan, Asma b., 290

Marx, Karl, 510, 511-12

Marxism, 502, 512

al-Maryati, Salam, 454

“al-Mashriqi” pen name for Muhammad ‘Inayat Allah Khan,

240-43

Masih, Ayub, 136

Maskomya (play), 544-46n21

Mauthausen concentration camp, 248, 249

al-Mawardi, 70, 175, 216, 274, 409, 505-506, 663n25

Mawdudi [Maudoodi], Sayyid Abul Ala, 75, 388-89, 428, 505, 506-507, 673n6

May, Alan Nunn, 500

Mazandaran, 26

Mazarabs, 177

Mazar-i-Sharif [Mazar-e-Sharif], Afghanistan, 136, 356, 443

MB. See Muslim Brotherhood (MB)

McCarthy, Andrew C., 45-50

McChrystal, Stanley A., 343-61

McLaughlin, John, 129

MCWS. See Muslim Community of Western Suburbs

(MCWS) (Canton, Michigan)

Meaning of the Holy Qu'ran, The (Ali), 453

Meaning of Treason, The (West), 499-500

Mecca, 46, 69, 162, 189, 242, 253, 265, 290, 324, 380, 424,

426, 460, 473, 573-74n100

Medina, 37, 46, 78, 79, 189, 212, 227, 252, 253-54, 272, 290,

299, 380, 398, 419, 460, 494-95, 623-24n4, 675-76n16

Mediterranean Society, A (Goitein), 73

Meek, James, 334

Meet the Press (TV show), 455, 517

Mehmed II [Mahomet II] (sultan), 178, 179, 180-81

Mein Kampf (Hitler), 241, 242, 250

Melloni, Albert, 596-97n18

Member s Handbook (Islamic Circle of North America), 126,

128

Memoirs of the Grand Mufti (Husseini), 247

MEMRI. See Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI)

Menocal, Maria Rosa, 367

Meotii, Giulio, 291, 292

Al-Meshad, Abd Allah, 236-37

Messenger of Allah, The (Ghazi and Ghazi), 381

Michael the Syrian, 384, 385, 652nn11-12

Michel, Thomas, 596-97n18

Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), 34, 38, 39,

41, 358, 359, 407

Middle East Media Research Institute blog, 573-74n100

Middle East Quarterly (journal), 489-91

Mill, John Stuart, 55, 117

Millet System, 178-88

Minha [Muslim Inquisition], 42, 383

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (Iraq), 444-45

Minority Rights Group International, 361

al-Miqdad ibn al-Aswad, 386

Mirengoff, Paul, 317

Mir Husain, 23

Mirza (shah), 207

Mishkat-el-Misabih, 528

Misr al-Fatah [Young Egypt Party], 257

Al-Misri, Ahmad ibn Naqib, 396

Mitchell, Richard, 495

Mogholistan, 24

Mohammad Reza (shah), 211, 221

Mojaddedi, Sibghatullah, 136, 443

Mola, Emilio, 499-500

Moluccas, 399

Momani, Jihad, 289

Momin, A. R., 564-65n7

Mongols, 20, 23-24, 30, 72, 89-91

Monnerot, Jules, 501, 502-505

Monroe, Miles (fictional character), 35

Montazeri, Ayatollah Hossein-Ali, 223

Montenegro, 244

Montgomery, Bernard, 248

Moore, J., 484

Moore, Una, 355, 356

Moplah jihad, 196

Moriscos, 376

Morocco, 12, 13, 43, 79, 80, 81, 82-83, 89, 115, 119, 134, 135, 177, 276, 278, 287, 331, 342, 375, 376, 399, 407, 421, 485, 486, 494, 532

Morris, Benny, 40, 211

Morrison, S. A., 446-47

Morsi, Mohammed, 43-44, 546n23

Moslem World (journal), 672n1

Mossad, 203

Mottahedeh, Roy, 305-306, 307

Mourad II [Murad II] (sultan), 179, 180

Mubarak, Hosni, 239, 270, 406, 670n90

Muessinoglu, Meltem and Seyfi, 202-203

Mufti of Jerusalem, 37

Mufti of Woolwich, 15

Mughal Empire, 206, 210

Muhairiz, 392

Muhammad (the Prophet), 27, 37-38, 44, 61, 67-68, 75, 77­79, 81, 102, 115, 123, 135, 144-45, 156, 159, 173, '180, 194, 226-27, 241, 242, 252, 253, 254, 255, 259, 262, 269, 299, 315, 317, 321, 324, 346-47, 380, 398, 419, 429, 434, 435, 471, 477, 479, 494-95, 503, 528, 595-96n8, 684-86n1

as Allah’s Messenger, 77, 101, 122, 132, 149, 166, 225­26, 236, 258, 323, 339, 341, 393, 395, 396, 466, 467-68, 470, 506, 573-74n100, 578-79n33, 581-83n25, 616n16, 633-34n12, 654-55n15, 680-81n45, 687n21

blasphemy against, 81, 131-39, 320-22, 385-86, 467, 578-79n33, 633-34n12

death of, 59, 77-78, 197, 226, 227, 241, 246, 254, 262, 272, 365, 602n49

“Muhammad cartoons,” 122, 131-33, 287-93, 321-22, 684-86n1

as role model, 67, 68, 133, 214, 264, 270, 272, 364, 391, 411, 450, 492

and violence, 64-65, 66, 68, 76, 78-79, 86, 110, 144, 162, 165, 174, 191, 205-206, 212, 214, 223, 224, 227, 261, 270, 277, 290-91, 292, 344, 347, 364, 365, 390-92, 393, 407, 409, 449-50, 456, 460-61, 481, 492, 578-79n33, 583n26, 633-34n12, 689n14

Muhammad, Khaleel, 436

Muhammad XVIII (sultan), 80

al-Muhasibi, 38

Muise, Robert, 487

Mujahideen, 200

Mumbai, 200-210, 334, 335

al-Muqaddasi, 370, 371-72

Murat III (sultan), 184

Musa, Imam (member AMJA), 465

Musa, Lawalli (Nigerian thief), 112-13

Musa tribe, 80

Musharraf, Pervez, 191

Muslim, Sahih [Saheeh], 40, 166, 265, 314, 340, 341, 393, 528, 583n26, 635n12, 645n12~, 654-55n15, 680-81n45

Muslim Brotherhood (MB), 43-44, 47, 64, 86, 126, 132, 160, 171, 203, 232, 233, 256-57, 261, 263-64, 267-68, 270, 279, 309, 320, 338, 391, 406, 410, 412, 417, 418-19, 420, 421­22, 423, 433, 464, 485, 495, 523-24, 525-26, 532, 535, 546n23, 564n6, 566n13, 661-62n8

Muslim Community Center (Austin, Texas), 458

Muslim Community of Western Suburbs (MCWS) (Canton, Michigan), 465

Muslim Inquisition. See Minha [Muslim Inquisition]

Muslim Observer (newspaper), 149, 465

Muslim Public Affairs Council, 454

Muslim Unity Center (Bloomfield, Michigan), 465

al-Mussayar, Muhammad, 314

al-Mutarjim, 407-408

al-Mutasim (caliph), 383, 384-85

al-Mutawakkil (caliph), 37

Mutazilites, 42, 372, 383-89

Muwatta [The Beaten Path], 372

Muwatta of Imam Malik, 583n26

Ibn Muzahim, Dahhak, 209

ibn Naghrela, Joseph (vizier), 81, 176

ibn Naghrela, Samuel (vizier), 80-81, 176

Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), 397-400, 401

Naqshbandi Sufi order, 25

al-Nasa'i, 149, 466-67

Nasiruddin Mahmud Tughluq (sultan), 28

Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, 191

Nasrallah, Hassan, 223-24

Nassarawan Mailayi village, 112-13

Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 299

National Public Radio (NPR), 191, 348, 362-66, 661-62n8

National Review (magazine), 499, 520-21

National Salvation Party, 544-46n21

National Socialist [Nazi] Party, 240

National Transitional Council (Libya), 423

National Welfare Party, 154

NATO, 334, 343, 349, 357

Navy Military Funerals protocol, 472-82 an-Nawawi, 302-303

Nazir Ali, Michael, 104, 151-52, 155, 431-32, 566n12

Nazis and Nazism, 39, 129, 164-65, 208, 229, 230, 234, 239,

246, 249, 252, 255, 257, 259, 298-300, 412, 462, 498, 513,

602n49, 604n17, 608n15, 610-11n23, 612-13n55, 621n1

Islamo-Nazism, 239-59

Nazi Germany, 165, 229-30, 239-41, 242-45, 246-47, 249, 251, 255, 256-57, 498, 513, 602n49, 621n1

Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939, 498

Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act, 617n40

Nazrallah, Hassan, 211

NBC (TV network), 455

Netherlands, 289-90, 298-300, 317, 433-39

Neubacher, Herman, 242-43

New Jersey, 127

New Masses (publication), 497

New Republic (magazine), 40

Newsday (newspaper), 464

“New Version Will Replace Pulled Koran” (Los Angeles

Times), 453-54

New York, teaching Islamic history, 378-82

New York City mosque. See Ground Zero Mosque project

New York Daily News (newspaper), 127-28, 334, 380, 381

New York Police Department (NYPD), 489

New York State Regents Exam, 378, 379, 381, 382

New York Times (newspaper), 33, 73-74, 75-76, 151, 235,

249, 334, 408, 422, 462, 526

New York Times Magazine, 307, 312

Nicaea [Iznik], 24, 25

Niebuhr, Reinhold, 498

Nigeria, 112-13, 120, 147, 196, 308, 363, 598n39

9/11. See September 11, 2001

Nini, Yehuda, 80

Nisan, Mordechai, 333, 377

“Non-Muslim Minorities in an Islamic State” (Rahman), 388

North German Action Office [Aktionsbüro Norddeutschland],

239

Norway, 137, 188, 446, 681n46

“Notes on the Koran” (Tocqueville), 344-47

NPR. See National Public Radio

NU. See Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)

Nuremberg Trials, 159

Nyberg, H. S., 384-85, 386

NYPD. See New York Police Department (NYPD)

Obama, Barack, 336, 337, 412

al-Obeidi, Iman, 390, 395-96

Oddie, William, 198-99

Office for the Protection of the Constitution

[Verfassungsschutz], 239

OIC. See Organization of the Islamic Conference [now Organization of Islamic Cooperation] (OIC)

O’Leary, Brendan, 673n7

Omar. See Umar ibn Al-Khattab (caliph)

Omar Ibn Al Kahattab Foundation, 453-54

Omayr, Salem b., 290

“100 Lashes If You Don’t Die of Laughter” (Charlie Hebdo), 291

“On Jihad” (Banna), 268

On Liberty (Mill), 55, 117, 555n37

“On Suicide in Islam” (Rosenthal), 67, 338

Operation Iraqi Freedom, 446

Orchan (sultan), 179

O’Reilly, Bill, 124, 390-91, 394

O'Reilly Factor, The (TV show), 390-91, 395

Organization of the Islamic Conference [now Organization of Islamic Cooperation] (OIC), 119, 121, 122, 131, 132, 137, 138, 140, 150, 191, 297, 322, 325, 335-36, 366, 488, 551- 52n43

Fiqh Council, 341

Oriental Despotism—A Comparative Study of Total Power (Wittfogel), 129, 505

Ornament of the World, The (Menocal), 367

Orwell, George, 109

Osman I [Osman Gazi] (founder of Ottoman dynasty), 530, 701n176

Othman. See Uthman ibn ‘Affan (caliph)

Ottoman Empire, 24, 25, 26, 51-52, 54, 91, 92-94, 95, 116, 152, 154, 173, 178-88, 192, 197, 215, 243, 244, 246, 273- 74, 275, 278, 287, 365, 416, 421, 446-47, 493-94, 503, 507­508, 524, 530-31, 562n184, 611-12n38, 701n176

Oum-Atteyah, 469

Oxford University, 360, 452

PA. See Palestinian Authority (PA)

Pact of Omar, 42

Pahlavi Shahs, 119

Pakistan, 42, 43, 49, 57, 58-59, 60-61, 101, 115, 119, 120, 135-36, 145-46, 191, 200-201, 205, 208, 241, 248, 278-79, 282, 309, 321, 324, 334-35, 336, 341, 342, 350-52, 353, 355, 357-59, 360, 391, 394, 399, 403, 434, 442, 480, 494, 532, 566n12, 589-90n10, 601-602n33, 602-603n50, 684- 86n1, 699-700n140. See also Kashmir

Palacios, Miguel Asin, 367, 371-72

Palestine, 87, 166, 207-208, 209, 210, 213-14, 224, 234, 245­46, 247-48, 249, 251, 253, 260-66, 275-76, 296, 338, 339, 394, 407-408, 426-27, 611-12n38, 615n6, 617n27. See also Gaza

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 251, 295, 296, 661- 62n8

Palestinian Authority (PA), 38, 76, 224, 261-62, 276, 303

Palgrave, William Gifford, 526-28

Palko v. Connecticut, 143

Pandit, Ashok, 204

Pan Islam [Panislamism], 12, 268, 419, 699-700n140

Panorama (BBC investigation), 120

Papoulia, Vasiliki, 92-93, 186-87

Paret, Rudi, 195

Paris Institute of the Arab World, 297

Party for Freedom (PVV) (Netherlands), 300

Pasha, Mahmoud, 181

Pax Islamica, 124

Pell, George, 197-98

Pennell, Theodore Leighton, 350-52

“People of the Book [Bible],” 101, 113, 142, 149, 167, 176, 195, 196, 201, 309, 374, 388, 423, 466, 478, 588-89n6, 600n5, 617-18n42, 635n23. See also Christians; Jews

Perlmann, Moshe, 75

Persia, 20, 23-24, 26, 67, 72, 129, 207, 215, 219, 220, 221, 287, 424, 502-503, 573-74n100. See also Iran

Petraeus, David H., 343, 344, 348-49, 356

Pew Research Center, 114-15, 120, 145-46, 238

Phillips, Melanie, 172-73, 592-93n25

Pickering, Timothy, 328

Pipes, Daniel, 34, 304

Pius XII (pope), 498

PLO. See Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

Poland, 174, 215, 243, 247, 251, 273, 365

“Portrait of Detroit Area Mosques, A.” See “Detroit Mosque Study: Muslim Views on Policy and Religion, The” (Bagby)

Posen speech, 610-11n23

Possessed, The (Dostoevsky), 518

Potemra, Mike, 323, 326

Powell, Colin, 455-56

Practice and Theory of Bolshevism, The (Russell), 501

Pribichevich, Stoyan, 530-31

“Prophet Muhammad as a Jihad Model, The” (Qaradawi), 133, 214, 272, 364, 492

“Prospects and Contents of a Euro-Arab Strategic Partnership” (conference), 297

Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The, 76, 84, 224, 250, 262, 263

Public Policy Alliance, 127, 574n109

“Punishment in Islam” (Zahra), 409

PVV. See Party for Freedom (PVV) (Netherlands)

Qadhafi [Qadafi, Gaddafi], Muammar, 390, 395-96, 554- 55n20

Qadisiyya [Qadsi], Battle of, 165, 167

Qadri, Mumtaz, 684-86n1

Qajar period, 218

al-Qaradawi, Yusuf, 64, 70, 86-87, 104-105, 122, 126, 132­34, 148, 165-66, 171, 214, 217, 270-71, 272, 273, 274, 279, 308-309, 338-39, 364, 406-24, 448, 466, 492, 532, 566n13, 619n63, 661-62n8, 664n42, 675-76n16

Al-Qaradawi Center for Islamic Moderation, 270

Qaramanli, Ahmad, 330

Qaramanli, Yusuf, 329, 330

Qasim, Muhammad b., 205

al-Qasimi, Abdullah, 448-49, 451

Qatar, 115, 410, 486

Qaul-i-Faysel (Mashriqi), 241

al-Qayrawami, 135, 321, 578-79n33

ibn Qays, Aldahhak, 469

Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, 414-15

Qom, 46

Quadrangle Recreational Athletic Center (Harvard), 301

Quakers, 518

al-Qudah, Main Khalid, 149, 466-67, 687nn20-21

Qur’an [Alcoran, Koran], 11,15, 21, 25, 30, 36, 40, 43-44, 46, 102, 103, 105, 116, 140, 153, 159, 192, ~197, 198, 200, 202, 214, 231, 241, 256, 258, 260, 269, 302, 316, 323-26, 338, 343-44, 357, 362, 384, 397, 409, 419, 427, 431, 438, 454, 464, 471, 474, 478, 492, 506-507, 527, 592n19, 635n12, 645n12

Allahu Akbar (funeral prayer), 473-74, 573-74n100

citations to, 13, 16, 26, 31, 36, 37, 67, 70, 75-77, 110, 121, 123, 141-42, 144, 146-47, 153, 156, 163-64, 166, 178, 189, 191, 194, 195-96, 201, 203, 206, 208-209, 219, 224-26, 232, 235, 236-37, 246, 254, 257, 258, 260, 261­62, 263, 267, 274, 290, 323-24, 325, 326, 340, 345, 364, 380-81, 388, 390, 391-92, 394, 396, 407, 415, 417, 450, 454, 475-80, 481-82, 496, 505, 506-507, 568n24, 581- 83n25, 584n40, 588-89n6, 595n7, 600n5, 602n49, 614n86, 616nn16,19, 617-18n42, 619n63, 623-24n4, 635nn12,23, 654-55n15, 660n5, 664n42, 675-76n16, 680-81n45, 689n14

al-Fatiha [fatihah], 260, 474-75, 481-82, 676-77n19, 688n6

Qur 'an: An Encyclopedia, The (Leaman), 481

Qureshi, Hanif, 684-86n1

al-Qurtubi [Kurtubi], 144, 323, 324, 476, 581-83n25, 619n63 al-Qushayri, 54

Qutb, Sayyid, 75

al-Quwatli, Husayn, 15-16, 543n17

Rabat, 80

Radical Enlightenment (Israel), 42

“Radicalization in the West—The Homegrown Threat” (New

York Police Department), 489

Radio Pakistan, 146, 324, 480

Rafsanjani, Hashemi, 229

Rahimian, Mohammad Hassan, 212

Rahman, Abdul (accused of apostasy in Afghanistan), 443

Rahman, Fazlur, 387-88, 389

Rahman, Omar Abdel [Abdul] (founder of Jama'a al-

Islamiya), 44

Rahman, Omar Abdel [Abdul] (guilty of abrogation under the

Caliph), 194

Rai, Mohammad Ali, 359-60

Rajasthan, India, 29

Ramadan, Tariq, 138, 300, 535

Raor, India capture of, 205-206

al-Rashidun, Al-Khalafa, 268, 419

Rasulullah, 578-79n33, 633-34n12. See also Muhammad;

Risala of al Qayrawani

Ratzinger, Joseph, 45, 46, 48· See also Benedict XVI (pope)

Rauf, Feisal, 124-25, 367, 377, 549n2, 573-74n100

Rauf, Mohammed, 549n2

Reason, Age of, 534

“Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, The” (Iqbal),

201

Redeker, Robert, 291-92

Reed, Howard A., 40

Refutation of the Materialists (Afghani), 413

Reilly, Robert R., 51, 387, 389

Reliance of the Traveller [Umdat al-Salik], 145, 314, 324, 340-41, 396

“Religion and Temperament” (Huxley), 317

Renan, Ernest, 504-505

Report by the High-Level Advisory Group (European Commission), 169

Revelation? Do We Worship the Same God? (Durie), 313

Rheinische Zeitung (newspaper), 511

Ricaut, Paul, 184

Rice, Condoleezza, 340, 640n4

Richter ohne Gesetz [Judges without Laws] (Wagner), 155, 158

Rida, Muhammad Rashid, 101, 163-64, 269, 412-13, 416-17, 418, 564n6, 588n4, 663n24

Rieger, Abu Bakr, 171-72, 376-77

“Rightly Guided” Caliphs. See Ali ibn Abi Talib (caliph); Bakr as-Siddiq (caliph); Umar ibn Al-Khattab (caliph); Uthman ibn ‘Affan (caliph)

Rippin, Andrew, 475-76

Risala of al Qayrawani, 135, 321, 578-79n33, 633-34n12

Rise of the Imams of Sanaa, The (Tritton), 672n2

Rising Restrictions on Religion (Pew Research Center), 114­15

Rodgers, John, 330

Rodinson, Maxime, 69, 283, 462, 505, 622n4

Roemer, Timothy, 684-86n1

ROEs. See Rules of Engagement (ROEs)

“Role of the OIC and the Scope for Its Relations with American Muslims, The” (conference), 140

Rolling Stone (magazine), 347

Roman Catholics. See Catholic Church

Romania. See Rumania [Romania]

Rome, Italy, 85, 108, 199, 260

Romero, Eugenio Maria, 134

Rommel, Erwin, 248

Roosevelt, Theodore, 277-78, 406, 492-93

Rose, Flemming, 288, 322

Roselle, Daniel, 378

Rosener, Erwin, 245

Rosenthal, Erwin I. J., 14, 542n13

Rosenthal, Franz, 67, 338, 462, 524, 541n9

Rubenstein, Richard, 96

Rules of Engagement (ROEs), 347, 348-49, 353

Rumania [Romania], 247

“Runaway General, The” (Hastings), 347

Ibn Rushd. See Averroes

Rushdie, Salman, 681n46

Russell, Bertrand, 501

Russian State Military Archive, 257, 612-13n55

ibn Saad [Sa'd], 75, 77-78, 226

Sachar, Abram, 244

Sachar, Howard M., 247

Sachsenhausen concentration camp, 248

el-Sadat, Anwar, 234, 251, 670n90

al-Sadr, Muqtada, 445

Safavids, 72, 218, 219, 221, 222, 502-503, 503

Safran, J. M., 373

Safran, Nadav, 420

Sahih [Saheeh] Bukhari. See Bukhari, Sahih [Saheeh]

Sahih [Saheeh] Muslim. See Muslim, Sahih [Saheeh] Said, Edward, 118-19, 305, 535

Saieg, George, 483-87

Sako, Louis, 361

Salafist Nour party (Egypt), 421

Salafists, 47, 126, 402

bin Salam, Abdallah, 588-89n6, 617-18n42

Salamah, Yussef, 276, 303

Saleh, Mahmoud. See Zingler, Alfred “Mahmoud Saleh” Abu Salih, 506

Salonica, 181

Salzman, Philip Carl, 286, 623n9

Samaria, 261, 265, 296

Samarkand, 23, 28, 29

Samuels, Herbert, 611-12n38

Sana'a, 80

Sanasarian, Eliz, 78, 221-22, 226, 325

San Francisco Chronicle (newspaper), 333

Saqr, Atiyyah, 235-36

Sarai, 24

Sarkar, Jadunath, 210, 426-27, 672n3

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 198

Sattar, Emad Abdel, 239

Ibn Saud, 416-17

Saud, Aboul, 256

Saudi Academy of Fairfax, Virginia, 127

Saudi Arabia, 38, 40-41, 47, 83, 115, 120, 140, 268, 314, 321, 405, 407, 416-17, 421, 448, 451, 474, 486, 488, 508, 536, 551-52n43, 651-52n22. See also Khaybar oasis and death of Muhammad; Mecca; Medina

Sauer, James, 347

al-Sawy, Salah, 467, 469-70

bin Sa’yah, Tha’labah, 588-89n6, 617-18n42

Abu Sayeed, Maulan, 394

Schacht, Joseph, 64, 101-102, 110-13, 156-57, 273, 309-10, 365, 430, 442, 565n9, 674n11

Schechter, Solomon, 38

Schools of Korani Commentaries (Goldziher), 413

Schumpeter, Joseph, 162-63, 587-88n3

Schwartz, Suleyman Ahmad Stephen, 436

Seixas, Moses, 539n1

Selim I (sultan), 182

Selim II (sultan), 184

Seljuk Turks, 179, 215, 273

Senegal, 137, 145, 304

September 11, 2001, 64, 66, 124, 210, 259, 367, 492

Serbia, 174, 215, 244, 273

Seruan Azan Dari Puing WTC (Rauf). See What’s Right with

Islam (Rauf)

Seuss, Dr. See Geisel, Theodore

Sewall, Gilbert, 378, 381-82, 458-60

Shabab-e-Islam, 684-86n1

Shafar, Saleh. See Appler, Hans “Saleh Shafar”

al-Shafi (jurist), 144, 314, 315-16

Shafi, Maulana Mufti Muhammad, 146, 168, 208-10, 324, 480, 589-90n10, 602-603n50

As-Shafi, Muhammad bin Idris, 397

Shafis, 144, 151, 302, 314, 315, 372, 397, 486, 581-83n25, 604n17, 608n15, 617n40, 663n25, 675-76n16

Shahin, Imad, 408-409

Shahrukh, 548n30

Shah Wali Kot, 358

Shaltout, Mahmoud, 604n17, 608n15, 617n40

Shami, Nizan al-Din, 26, 548n30

Shammai, Haggai Ben, 75

Shanti Nagar, Pakistan, 135-36, 321

Sharaf al-Din Ali-Yazdi, 19-21, 22, 24-25, 548n30

“Sharia and Violence in American Mosques” (Kedar and Yerushalmi), 279, 489-91, 495, 496, 532

Shari’a College, 604n17, 608n15, 617n40

Sharia law, 16, 17, 26, 33, 43, 44, 48-50, 59, 62, 71, 98, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107-30, 131-39, 140-50, 151-60

and Assembly of Muslim Jurists of America, 463-71

and blasphemy, 131-39, 191, 320-22, 633-34n12

and Communism and Islam, 497-537

dealing with, 425-32, 433-39, 440-47, 448-57, 458-62, 463-71, 472-82, 483-87, 488-96

impact on the West, 151-60

and jihad, 161-68, 169-89, 190-99, 200-10, 211-30, 231­38, 239-59, 260-80

and treason of intellectuals, 281-86, 287-93, 294-97, 298­300, 301-306, 307-10, 311-14, 315-16, 317-19, 320­21, 322-26, 327-32, 333-36, 337-39, 340-42, 343-61,

362-66, 367-77, 378-82, 383-89, 390-96, 397-400,

401-405, 406-24

See also apostasy; blasphemy; hadd punishments

Sharia versus Freedom (Bostom), 43, 48, 403

Sharon, Moshe, 85, 211, 228

al-Shater, Khairat, 17, 546n23

Shaykh-al-Islam, 178

Sheik Ijlin Mosque, 276, 303

Shi'ites [Shiites], 26, 79, 85-86, 119, 123, 144, 165, 211-30,

308, 325, 372, 431, 438, 439, 444, 445, 446, 502, 503

Shintoism, 440-41, 442

Shiraz, Iran, 20, 548n30

Shorter Encyclopedia of Islam (Gibb and Kramers), 460-61, 462

Shourie, Arun, 286, 429-30, 463-64, 470-71, 622-23n7

Shri Amarnath Shrine Board, 204

Sicily, 134, 171, 257, 268

Sidel, John, 401-402

Sikander Butshikan (sultan), 207

Silone, Ignacio, 457, 537

Simon, Roger, 317

Sindh, 205, 206

Sirat Rasul Allah (Ishaq), 67

Sirhindi. See Ahmad Sirhindi

Sistan, massacre of 1383-1384, 24

al-Sistani, Ayatollah, 444, 445-46

Sivan, Emmanuel, 663n34

Slave Trade Department of British Foreign Office, 370

Sleeper (movie), 35

Small, Robert, 397, 398, 400, 401-405

Smith, Jacqui, 47

Smyrna (later Izmir), 25

Sobieski, John, 493

al-Sobki, Muhammad, 214, 272

Social Democrat party, 513

Sociologie du Communisme [Sociology and Psychology of

Communism] (Monnerot), 501

“Soldier’s Prayer, The” (Gokalp), 488

Somalia, 115, 219, 314, 394, 433, 486, 595-96n8

Some to Mecca Turn to Pray (Hiskett), 120

Sookhdeo, Patrick, 135, 321

Soviet Communist Party, 498

Spain, 80-81, 82, 134, 173, 175-78, 181, 189, 197, 255, 257,

321, 367-77, 378-79, 513, 598n39, 648-49n37

Spain in America (Gibson), 379

Spanish America, 379

Spanish Inquisition, 178, 368

Speer, Albert, 242, 610-11n23

Spencer, Richard, 670n90

Srivastava, A. L., 28-30

Stalin, Joseph, 502, 503-504, 513

Stavis, Hillel, 301, 306

Steiner, Heinrich, 383

Steinleight, Stephen, 170-71

Stenhouse, Paul, 364

Stern, Eliyahu, 151, 160

Steyn, Mark, 317

Stokes, Francis Griffin, 368-69

Strategies and Structures for Presenting World History, With

Islam and Muslim History as a Case Study (Douglass), 382

Struggle of Islam in Modern Indonesia, The (Boland), 397

Sudan, 61, 114, 115, 195, 196, 197, 260, 274, 406, 411, 437

Suez war of 1956, 234

Sufis, 25, 36, 37, 38, 54, 58, 71, 116, 144, 203, 217, 221, 317, 325, 479, 495, 502, 503, 524. See also Naqshbandi Sufi order

Sukrullah, 180

ibn Sulayman, Muqatil, 476

Suleiman (sultan), 179

Sultan, Wafa, 123, 390-91, 395, 448-57

Sulyman (shah), 219

Sunnis, 79, 84, 85-86, 119, 123, 144, 165, 167, 213, 215, 228, 229, 234, 237, 261, 265, 266, 267, 314, 315, 324, 340, 371­72, 431, 438, 502, 506, 543n17, 564n6, 586-87n26~, 608n15, 609n27, 675-76n16, 684-86n1. See also Hanafis [al- Hanagiyyah]; Hanbalis [Hanbalites]; Malikis; Shafis

“Sunni Vatican” of Islam. See Al Azhar University

al-Suyuti, 75, 323, 477, 478, 588-89n6

Swami, Praveen, 601-602n33

Syria, 56, 59, 61, 83, 89, 166, 368, 390, 448, 477, 486, 520, 663n24

Syriac Orthodox Church, 652n12

Syrian Orthodox Church, 477, 652n11, 653n13

Tabandeh, Sultanhussein, 221-22, 325 al-Tabari, 62, 66, 67, 75, 76-77, 79, 110, 215, 225-26, 273, 476, 560n125

Tabriz, 220

Tabsirat al-hukkam fi usul al-akdiya wa-manhidj al-ahkam (Farhun), 586-87n26

Tadros, Samuel, 422

Tafsir al-Jalalayn [Commentary of the Two Jalals] (Mahalli and Suyuti), 258, 477, 478-79, 588-89n6, 614n86

Tafsir al-Qurtubi (Qurtubi), 619n63

Taheri, Amir, 173

Tahrir Square, 87, 407, 408, 411, 412, 424, 661-62n8

Tajikistan, 115

Tajumana Bewley, 478

Talabani, Jalal, 357

Taliban, 123-24, 334, 336, 349, 350-52, 353, 355, 356, 358­59, 442, 651-52n22

Abu Talib Husaini, 26

Talmud, 231

Tamantit, Morocco, 81

Tamerlane. See Timur [Tamerlane, Timur-i-lang]

Tanenhaus, Sam, 508-509

Tantawi, Muhammad Sayyid, 83-85, 87, 164, 237-38, 266­67, 338, 339, 588-89n6, 609n29, 617-18n42

Tanzimat, 187

Taqiya, 207

Tartars, 21

Taseer, Salman, 684-86n1

Tatars, 215, 273

el-Tayeb, Ahmad, 199

Ibn Taymiya [Tamiyya], 409, 414-15, 417, 663n24

Tazkirah (Mashriqi), 242

Tehran, Iran, 229, 276, 303, 357-58

Telegraph of London (newspaper), 291, 670n90

Temperman, Jeroen, 485-86

“Ten Great Religions—An Essay in Comparative Theology”

(Clarke), 528

Tennessee, 151-52, 160

“Ten Principles” (Mashriqi), 242

“Terrorists Want to Destroy Pakistan, Too, The” (Zardari), 334 Texas Board of Education, teaching Islamic history, 458-60 Texas Freedom Network, 458

Texas Holy Land Foundation, 126

Third Choice: Islam, Dhimmitude, and Freedom, The (Durie),

313

Thomas More Law Center, 487

Thompson, H. Keith, 252, 299

Thrace, 178, 179

“Three Remarks on Islam and Western Political Values”

(Lazarus-Yafeh), 525

Tibbets, Paul, 440

Tibi, Bassam, 304, 315, 316

Tiflis, 30

Time (magazine), 498, 499, 511, 519-20

Times of London (newspaper), 171, 341, 444

at-Timirdhi, 476

Timor. See East Timor

Timur [Tamerlane, Timur-i-lang], 19-31, 207, 548n30

Tirmidhi, 265

Tocqueville, Alexis de, 344-47, 352, 353

Togliatti, Palmiro, 457, 537

al-Tohami, Mohammed Hasan Mohammed, 297

Tokhi, Abdul Wasi, 136, 443

totalitarianism, 411, 413, 505

Communist totalitarianism, 57, 97, 107, 129, 255, 502, 503-504, 509-10, 522

European totalitarianism, 43, 300

Fascist totalitarianism, 255

Islamic totalitarianism, 13, 14, 15,17, 33, 43, 49, 51, 54,

55-56, 57, 87, 97, 108, 115-16,119, 121, 141, 259, 280, 285, 286, 289, 291, 299, 300, 306, 307, 464, 483, 492, 499, 509-10, 525-26, 530, 531, 570n58, 661-62n8

Nazi totalitarianism, 129, 462

secular totalitarianism, 499, 500, 510

Touat oasis, 81

Transoziana, 23

Treadgold, Warren, 192

Trevelyan, George Otto, 406

tribes, 138, 159, 162, 165, 176, 253-54, 359, 371, 535. See also Banu al-Mustaliq tribe; Banu Nadir tribe; Banu Qaynuqa [Quaynuqa] tribe; Banu Qurayza tribe; Berbers; Musa tribe

Tripeshawar temple, 207

Tripoli and the United States, 328-31

Tritton, A. S., 71-72, 426, 672n2

Trotsky, Leon, 514

Troutbeck, John, 699-700n140

“True Story of Moderate Islam, The” (Small), 397

Tukhachevsky, Marshall, 514

Tuksal, Hidayet, 39

Tunisia, 12, 41, 83, 276, 287, 317-19, 329, 331, 421, 422, 423, 485, 486, 691n12

Turco-Mongolian world order, 26

Turkey, 23, 40, 55, 57-58, 59, 60, 61, 93-98, 101, 115, 117­18, 119, 131, 140, 154, 179, 187, 194, 205, 215, 248, 273, 320, 325, 336, 371, 393, 436, 488-89, 494, 507-508, 543- 44n18, 544-46n21, 571n64. See also Anatolia; Asia Minor; Ottoman Empire

Turkish Hadith Project, 39

23 Years: Study of the Prophetic Career of Mohammad (Dashti), 290

Tyan, Emile, 14, 31, 541n10

UAE. See United Arab Emirates (UAE)

bin ‘Ubayd, Asad, 588-89n6, 617-18n42

UCLA, 301, 307

Uiguria, 26

Ulema [Muslim religious leaders], 28, 36, 429-30, 439, 471, 531

Uljaytu (Mongol ruler), 90

al-Umar, Abd al-Karim, 247

Umar ibn Abdul Aziz, 105

Umar ibn Al-Khattab (caliph), 59, 70, 78-79, 100, 105-106, 215, 227, 254, 272, 273

Umdat al-Salik [Reliance of the Traveler]. See Reliance of the Traveller [Umdat al-Salik]

umma [ummah], 16, 96, 121, 128, 140, 142, 173, 199, 213, 235, 236, 244, 246, 264, 265, 268, 304, 325, 327, 333, 397, 402-403, 404, 424, 435, 449, 485, 487, 496, 543-44n18, 609n27, 619n63, 673n7, 703-704n7

United Arab Emirates (UAE), 486

United Kingdom. See Britain

United Methodist Church, 458

United Nations, 132, 140, 247, 428, 468

Defamation of Religious Resolution, 122-23

Human Rights Commission, 339, 366, 675-76n16

killing of UN workers, 355-56

Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 121, 137, 141, 142, 143, 221, 301, 304, 325, 428, 437, 485, 536, 543- 44n18

UN Resolution 242, 296

United States, 107-10, 124-29, 260-80, 287-93, 301-306, 307-10, 328-31, 335, 378-82, 404, 458-62, 463-71, 488- 96,574n109

US Bill of Rights, 121, 141, 142-43, 308, 325, 483-87, 535, 543-44n18

US Commission on International Religious Freedom, 361

US Congress, 94, 245

US Holocaust Memorial Council, 170-71

US Navy and bin Laden’s burial service, 472-82

US Pentagon, 327, 352-53

US State Department, 288, 495

US Supreme Court, 159

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UN), 121, 137, 141, 142, 143, 221, 301, 304, 325, 428, 437, 485, 536, 543-~44n18 Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Islam. See Cairo Declaration on [of] Human Rights in Islam

University of Kabul, 136

University of Leiden. See Leiden University

University of London, 500

University of Maryland, 42, 119-20, 278-79, 342, 399, 494, 532

University of Medina, 83

University of Regensburg, 291

Urdu Times (newspaper), 203

Ur Fascism, 123, 297, 306

ibn ‘Urwah, Hisham, 506

U.S. See United States

USCIRF. See Commission on International Religious Freedom (US)

Usmani [Uthmani], Muhammad Rafi, 146, 589-90n10, 602- 603n50

Usmani [Uthmani], Muhammad Taqi, 146, 166-68, 341-42, 589-90n10, 602-603n10

Uthman ibn ‘Affan (caliph), 59, 79, 273

Uyaina, 635n12

Vacalopoulos, A. E., 179

Vadillo, Umar Ibrahim, 171, 376

Vajda, Georges, 75, 79, 212, 227

Valencia, Spain, 178

Valley of the Wolves (movie), 544-46n21

Van Doren, Mark, 497

Vatican of Sunni Islam. See Al Azhar University

Vatikiotis, P J., 61-62

Venice, 181

Victory in Tripoli (London), 328-31

Vienna, Austria, 174, 184, 185, 215, 243, 274, 365

Vincent, John Carter, 441

Vishya temple, 207

Vryonis, Speros, 68, 91-92, 94-95, 186

VVD Party (Netherlands), 434

Waffen-SS, 244, 245

Waghmar, Burzine K., 72

Wagner, Joachim, 154-55, 158-59, 160

Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia, The (Commins), 417

Wahhabis and the Hijaz, The (Rida), 416-17

Wahhabism, 40-41, 47, 268, 402, 414-15, 416-17, 508, 663n24, 672n2, 702-703n2. See also anti-Wahhabism

Wahid, Abdurrahman, 401-402

Wakin, Jeanette, 430, 565n9, 674n11

Walid, Abdurrahman, 398

Wall Street Journal (newspaper), 51, 87, 361

Wanner, Ian, 246-47

War and Peace in the Law of Islam (Khadduri), 174

Ware Group, 498

War of 1812, 330

Ibn Warraq, 34, 41, 42, 97, 123, 138-39, 288-89, 390-91, 430-31, 433, 434, 437, 438-39, 456-57, 535-36, 537, 548n44, 674n12

Warren, David, 53

Warsaw, Poland, 251

war within Islam, 333-36

Wasat Party (Egypt), 421

Washington, George, 11, 328, 539n1

Washington Post (newspaper), 288, 340, 343, 354-55, 358

Washington Times (newspaper), 327

al-Wasiti, Ghazi b., 89-90

Watson, Charles R., 13, 530, 541n8

Watt, William Montgomery, 16, 544n19, 674n12

Webman, Esther, 34-35

Wegner, Gregory Paul, 612-13n55

Weiss, Bari, 51

Wendell, Charles, 268-70, 418-20

Wensinck, A. J., 40

West, Diana, 291, 317, 348, 349, 358, 359

West, Rebecca, 499-500, 518-19

West Bank, 263, 296

Westergaard, Kurt, 131-33, 287-89, 321

Western Anatolia, 24

Western Sahara, 115

West Punjab, 566n12

Wharton, Edith, 12-13, 540n6

What Islam Is All About (Emerick), 381

What's Right with Islam (Rauf), 124, 367, 377, 573n100

Why I Am Not a Muslim (Warraq), 433, 439

Why the West Is Best (Warraq), 536

Wiesenthal, Simon, 249

Wiig, Olaf, 196

Wilders, Geert, 317

Willis, John Ralph, 327

Witness (Chambers), 279-80, 496, 497, 510, 514, 516-17, 518-19, 532-33

Witschale, Werner, 250

Wittfogel, Karl, 31, 129, 505-508

Woods, John, 20, 548n30

World History: A Cultural Approach, A (Roselle), 378

World Muslim Congress, 208

WorldNetDaily.com, 651-52n22

World of Fatwas or the Shariah in Action, The (Shourie), 463­64

World Opinion Dynamics, 43, 399. See also

WorldPublicOpinion.org

World Prayer Day of Peace, 45

WorldPublicOpinion.org, 119-20, 278-79, 342, 494, 532. See also World Opinion Dynamics

World Trade Center, 44, 64

World War I, 96, 97, 187, 188, 196, 243, 244, 238, 493-94, 620-21n91

World War II, 55, 117, 234, 242, 245, 246, 247, 248, 252-53, 254, 255, 257, 282, 309, 411-12, 440-41, 442, 499-500, 598n39, 621n1

World without End (Pribichevich), 530

Wright, Lawrence, 35

Wylde, A. B., 370-71, 647n26

Yale News (newspaper), 462

Yale University, 160

Yassin, Ahmed, 366

Yaytze, 180

Yazdi. See Sharaf al-Din Ali-Yazdi

Ali-Yazdi, Sharaf al-Din, 19-21

Yemen, 79, 80, 82, 115, 393, 486, 656n19

Yerroia, 93

Yerushalmi, D., 489-91

Yom Kippur War, 294

“Young British Soldier, The” (Kipling), 353

Young Egypt Party [Misr al-Fatah], 257

Youssef, Eid Abdel Hamid, 75-76, 235

Yugoslavia, 243, 246, 602n49

Abu Yusuf, 105, 214, 271, 492

Zafarnama (by Sharaf al-Din Ali-Yazdi), 19-21, 22, 23, 25,

26, 548n30

Abu Zahra, Muhammad, 409

Ibn Zaid, 77

al-Zamakshari [al-Zamakshary], 75, 76-77, 225, 581-83n25

Zamfara, Nigeria, 112-13

al-Zamour [Zumour], Aboud, 670n90

al-Zarad, Wael, 262

Zardari, Asif Ali, 334-35, 336, 357, 358

Zia-ul-Haq, 200

Zingler, Alfred “Mahmoud Saleh,” 250

Zionism, 86, 212, 216, 221, 223, 229, 244, 245, 246, 249, 277,

420. See also anti-Zionism

Zohrab, James, 187-88

Zoroastrians, 45, 71, 113, 175, 217, 219, 274, 275, 303, 388, 389, 508

Zwemer, Samuel, 581-83n25