Index

3¹∕2-Fγ catheter, 285

shroud, 295f

5-Fγ catheter, 285, 295

5-Fγ polypropylene catheter, usage. See Myringotomy

5-Fγ polypropylene urinary catheter

3½-Fγ polypropylene urinary catheter, threading, 294-295

usage, 295f

Abducens nerve, 344f

Abducens nuclei, impact.

See Eye movements Abducent nerves, 340

Ablation. See Ear canal; Intraoperative ear canal ablation;

Total ear canal ablation; Tympanic membrane modality. See Lasers process, 360

Abnormal CT findings, 93-99

Abnormal cytology, 52-59

Abnormal radiographic findings, 86-91

Abnormal tissue, biopsies, 362 Acantholytic cells, 38

Acaricidal drugs, toxicity, 241

Acaricidal spray, usage, 241-242 Acarids, protection, 240

Accessory nerve (XI), 14f

Ace-otic (Vetus), 405

Acetate tape, usage, 242

Acetic acid shampoo, 270

Acetic acid-boric acid solution, cleansing effect, 183 Acid mucopolysaccharides, 62

Acidic solutions, avoidance, 296

Acid-type ear cleaners, pain, 159f

Acquired folding. See Pinna; Siamese cat Acrylic head rack, 84f

ACTH. See Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Actinic dermatitis, 243

Actinic keratosis. See Ear

Actinic reactions, 249

Actinomyces, 44

Active cell suppression, 130 Actively replicating organisms (unipolar budding), presence. See Malassezia pachydermatis

Acute inflammatory stimulus, 64

Acute suppurative otitis media, 34 Adams Pan-Otic (Pfizer), 404 Adenocarcinoma, 70-71, 217

Adhesion molecules, 128

Adjunctive therapy, 175

Adnexa, 358

Adnexal glands, types, 61-62

Adnexal structures, 144

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test, 209, 252

Advanced leishmaniasis. See German Shepherd Adverse drug reaction. See Cutaneous adverse drug reaction

Adverse Food Reactions (AFR) background, 126 signalment/history.

See Cutaneous AFR

Aedes spp., 243

Afghan hounds, hypothyroidism predilection, 207 AFR. See Adverse Food Reactions

Age, clinical feature/history, 254 Aging process, 379

Air-conduction hearing, elimination, 280

Airedales, hairy external ear canals, 5

Air-filled bulla, fluid-filled bulla (contrast), 68f Alaskan Malamutes

hypothyroidism predilection, 207

Syndrome I, 257 zinc-responsive dermatosis, 211 Alcohol-containing products, 331 Allergen-specific IgE, 212 Allergen-specific IgG, 212, 213 Allergic dermatitis, 212-214. See also Flea allergy dermatitis

Allergic inhalant dermatitis (Atopy), 212-213 clinical signs, 212 diagnosis/treatment, 212-213 etiology/pathogenesis, 212

All-vegetable hypoallergenic diet, 268 Aloacetic Ear Rinse (DVM), 404

Alopecia. See Periodic alopecias; Siamese cat;

Symmetrical pinnal alopecia; Yorkshire Terriers areas. See Dogs areata, 260 cause, 245 evolution, 260 manifestation, 208 reduction, 207 visibility, 242

Alveolar nerve. See Inferior alveolar nerve

American Cocker Spaniel cerumen gland adenocarcinomas, 148f ear canal

opening, 148f tumors, prevalence, 72 idiopathic primary seborrhea, 206 inflammatory stimuli, physiologic responses, 69 inherited disorders, 205

Staphylococcus intermedius, infection, 148f stenotic calcified ear canal, radiograph, 147f tumors, laser ablation, 148f

American Staffordshire Terriers, solar dermatitis, 249 Aminoglycoside antibiotics, 333t, 334t. See also

Nonaminoglycoside antibiotics Aminoglycoside tobramycin, 297 Aminoglycosides, 297 avoidance, 348

Amitraz

toxicity, 241 usage, 240

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 290

Ampulla, 13f

Ampullary nerve, 20f. See also Lateral ampullary nerve; Posterior ampullary nerve

Anaphylaxis, 129, 131

Anemia, symptoms, 251

Angioedema, 131, 132

Animax Ointment (Pharmaderm), 398

Annular cartilage, 2, 7 illustration, 2f, 5f, 6f, 10f proximal end, diameter, 91

Annular ligament, proximal/distal borders, 91f

Annulus (dorsal portion), pars flaccida (presence), 36f Annulus fibrocartilaginous, 9

Annulus fibrosis, 288f

Anoploura, 242

Antibiotic resistance mechanisms, 290

*Page numbers followed by f indicate figures; t, tables; b, boxes.

408

Antibiotics, 335t. See also Aminoglycoside antibiotics;

Nonaminoglycoside antibiotics

therapy, 178

treatment, 164

Antifungal agents, 334t, 335t Antifungal therapy, 178

Antifungals, usage, 181, 298 Antigen-presenting cell, 130

Antihelix, 2f, 4f Antiinflammatory agents, 335t Antiinflammatory therapy, 55, 59 Antimicrobials. See Systemic antimicrobials

therapy, 42

Antineoplastic agents, 333t Antiseborrheic treatments. See Pruritus

Antiseptics, 334t Antitragohelicine incisure, 2f Antitragus

lateral process, 2f medial process, 2f, 4f Anti-yeast treatment, 164 Apex, 2f, 4f

crusts/scales. See Female Malinois Shepherd Apocrine cyst

debris, accumulation, 156f decompression, laser usage, 156f impact. See Vertical ear canal location, 154

Apocrine glands cross-section. See Modified apocrine gland cyst, 358

drying, lipid secretion, 152f genetic predisposition. See Persian cat

Apocrine lipid secretion (clumps), accumulation, 151f Apocrine secretions, bacterial degradation, 167-168 Apocrine tubular glands, 154

Aqueous gentamycin solution, placement.

See Tympanic bulla

Aqueous medications, impact, 122f

Aqueous penicillin G, 298 Arachidonic acid concentration, decrease, 207 Arachnoid, 13f

Armpit pruritus, 212 Arthropod bites, 248

Arthroscopic shaver, usage, 367 Arthus (Type III) reaction, 114 Arthus-like immediate hypersensitivity, 115 Ascending respiratory infections, 307

Ataxia, 322. See also Cats

Atopic dermatitis, 112-114, 243-244 indication, 174f

Atopica, 114

Atopy, 132, 266. See also Allergic inhalant dermatitis incidence. See Cocker Spaniels pathogenesis, theories, 212

treatment, 39

Auditory canal, vertical/horizontal parts, 6f

Auditory meatus, occlusion, 206

Auditory ossicles, 16

structure, visualization, 93 Auditory tube, 6f, 13f, 35

drainage, 299

osteum, 15 wall, 14f

Aural canal, masses (removal), 352

Aural hematoma, 236-238. See also Canine aural hematoma; Golden Retriever cartilage lining, 355

fibrosis, interaction, 237 history, 239f

Aural hematoma—cont’d

operation, 163f

repair, 352

treatment, 355-358

Aural pathology, possibility, 384

Aural tumor removal.

See Laser polypectomy

Auricle, apex (concave surface). See Male Doberman

Pinscher cross

Auricular cartilage, 2, 2f, 10f

Auricular hematomas, formation, 215

Auricular vessels, tubus auris (relationship), 5f Auriculopalpebral nerve, 9f Auriculotemporal nerve, 14f

Aurimite (Schering-Plough), 399

Aurizon, usage, 182

Autoimmune diseases, 123

Avermectins, usage, 241

Azathioprin, 257

Azithromycin, 291

Bacillus, presence, 191

Bacillus spp., 192

Bacteria, 54-56, 155. See also Gram-negative bacteria; Gram-positive bacteria

amount, 42

growth, 143, 175

number/morphology, 190

population, significance (determination), 194 secondary growth, 205f

sensitivity, 177

Bacterial cell membrane, porosity (increase), 290

Bacterial folliculitis, 256

Bacterial gemish, 272

Bacterial hypersensitivity, 270

Bacterial infections, 55, 161, 262

Bacterial otitis, 48, 258

cytology. See Severe bacterial otitis

Bacterial overgrowth, 55

neutrophils, response, 57

Bacterial proteases, liberation, 287

Bacterial pyoderma, 132

Bacteroides, 291, 321

BAER. See Brain-auditory-evoked-response

Basal cell apoptosis, 249

Basal cell carcinomas, 217

Basal cell tumor, 59

Basal epithelial cells, involvement, 310

Basal keratinocytes, 222

Basilar membrane, 20f

Basset Hounds

ear-margin seborrhea, 252

inherited disorders, 206

Bathing procedure. See Pruritus

Baytril injection solution, 398

Beagle

bullae, transverse view, 96f

chronic otitis externa, 96f

ear canal

facial wound, 157f

red rubber catheter, usage, 157f

ear-margin seborrhea, 252

facial wound, iodinated contrast medium

(infusion), 157f

middle ear, otoscopic examination, 96f

right external acoustic canal, diameter (increase), 96f tail folds, absence, 142

traumatic facial wound, 157f

Beam hardening, 93, 98f

artifact, 101f, 346. See also Caudal fossa lesion

Before/after pictures, 386

Benign melanoma, 170

Benign tumors, 186

Beta-lactamase enzyme-producing bacteria, 290

Betamethasone, usage, 181, 330

Bichon Frise

food allergy, 245f

inner pinnae, erythema/lichenification, 245f

Bilateral bullae thickening, 90f

Bilateral ceruminoliths, identification.

See Mixed-breed dog

Bilateral hyperintense volume. See Tympanic bulla Bilateral middle ear effusion, CT image. See Dogs Bilateral otitis, diagnosis. See Spayed female cat Bilateral symmetrical hypotrichosis, 260 Biopsy

channel. See Video otoscope forceps. See Nasal biopsy forceps

usage, 366. See also Polyps necessity, 206 samples, 257

specimen, histopathologic analysis, 170f

Biphasic Type I hypersensitivity reaction, 129 Blind-ended tube, usage, 60

Blood components, release, 159

Blood smears, evaluation. See Peripheral blood smears Blood vessel

demonstration/identification. See Pars flaccida foramen, 2f

Bloodborne pathogens, hematogenous spread, 195 Blunt force injury, 158

B-lymphocytes, 124

Bone

formation. See Ear canal

lining, thickening/irregularity, 68f

margins, 79

spicules, 200

window, usage, 96f, 100f

Bone tissue window, 95f

Bone-conduction hearing, 280

Bony spiral lamina, 21

Bordetella, 286-287, 291

Boric acid, 183

shampoo, 270

Boston Terriers, pattern baldness, 259

Boxers, hypothyroidism predilection, 207 Brain-auditory-evoked-response (BAER), 330, 347 assessment, 333

Brainstem tumor, MRI. See Dogs

Breakpoints, usage. See Mean-count breakpoints Breed, clinical feature/history, 254

Bristly hairs, inclusion. See Wax balls

Broad-based cerumen gland adenoma, 167f

Broad-based cerumen gland tumors, edema/tissue maceration (confusion), 165f

Bruising, manifestation, 208

Buccal nerve, 14f

Buck curette, usage, 292

Buck ear curette threaded retrograde. See Video Vetscope Bull Terriers

pattern baldness. See Staffordshire Bull Terriers solar dermatitis, 249

zinc-responsive dermatosis, 211

Bulla (bullae), 344f. See also Tympanic bulla absence. See Left septum bullae access, 39f

air replacement, isotense fluid (impact), 104d anatomy/removal. See Left tympanic bulla contrast. See Air-filled bulla

CT image. See Castrated male cat division, septum bulla, 94f

Bulla (bullae)—cont’d

fluid, presence, 105f

flushing/suctioning, 295-297

infusion, 298-300

treatment, 299

level.

See Dogs transverse CT image, 101f

lumen, opacity, 165f

medial wall, 282f medication, infusion, 296f osteotomy, 314f, 372f, 373f. See also Lateral bulla osteotomy

pathological changes, 37

polyp mass, growth, 309f

Pseudomonas culture, 288

radiographs, 345

series, 78

structure. See Osseous tympanic bulla

T1-weighted sagittal image. See Spayed female cat temporal bones (petrosal portion), symmetry (comparison), 82

thickening. See Bilateral bullae thickening topical therapy. See Tympanic bulla transverse view. See Beagle

ventral displacement. See Right bulla walls

caudal aspect, bilateral thickening, 88f curvilinear signal void, 104f inner surface, enhancement (rim), 104f

Bulldog

chronic bilateral otitis, 87f

external acoustic canals, exuberant bilateral dystrophic calcification, 87f

solar dermatitis. See White Bulldogs

VD radiograph, 87f

Buprenorphine, 357

Bur-O-Cort 2:1 (Q.A. Labs), 398 Burotic (Allerderm), 405

Burotic HC (Q.A. Labs), 399

C₂ branch, 3f

Calcification, visibility, 68

Calcium ions, chelation, 290-291

Calvarium, caudal third, 81

Canalogram, DV radiograph. See Mixed-breed hound dog Canalography. See Positive contrast canalography Candida albicans, 54, 192

prevalence, 180

Canine aural hematoma, 355f

Canine ear, vasculature, 359f

Canine eosinophilic pinnal folliculitis, 243

Canine inflammatory polyp, 326f

Canine nasopharyngeal polyp, 325

Canine polyps, 325-328, 366f

Carbencillin, 298

Carbimazole, treatment, 246

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

ablation. See Hyperplastic ceruminous glands; Mass delivery systems, 353f

energy, diode laser energy (comparison), 353-355 lasers, 351

energy, 350, 363 usage, 292, 370, 373 treatment. See Pinna

Carbonized tissue, creation, 366

Carcinogenesis, increase, 168

Carcinomas, 170

Carotid artery. See External carotid artery

carotid canal, accommodation. See Internal carotid artery

Carotid canal, 14, 14f, 95f

accommodation. See Internal carotid artery; Postganglionic sympathetic nerves; Ventral petrosal venous sinus

Carotid plexus, 14

Cartilage, 61f

boundary, 61f

fibrosis/calcification. See External ear canal Cartilages. See Right external ear

Castrated male cat

bullae (level), CT image, 98f

mandible (rostral third), fibrosarcoma diagnosis, 98f otitis, diagnosis, 98f

CAT. See Computed axial tomography Catheter

advance. See Video Vetscope visualization, 34f

attachment. See Tympanic bulla

myringotomy, healing rate, 294f

positioning, 39f

smiler incision, 293f

trumpet valve connection, 33f

usage. See Corticosteroids; Myringotomy

Cats

ataxia, 319f

bullae (level)

CT image, 98f. See also Castrated male cat post-contrast transverse CT image, 94f ceruminous cysts. See Persian cat ceruminous gland carcinoma, 89f CT image, 97f

dermatophytosis, Microsporum canis (impact), 255f diminished hearing, 228f

ear canal

nasopharyngeal polyp, occlusion, 320f wax, accumulation, 319f wax ball removal, 229f-230f

eardrum

examination, 231f granulomatous exudate, 38f fighting, history, 238 fleas, impact, 120f

head

positioning. See U-shaped head holder tilt, 228f, 319f

high-dry field, 54

internal ear, schematic view, 16f

middle ear, schematic view, 16f

mucoid otitis media, 281f

mucus, pharyngeal drainage, 281f multiobulated polyp, 322f neck excoriation. See Male domestic short-hair cat normal eardrum, 28f

open-mouth rostrooccipital radiograph, 165f

otitis media, 88f, 97f, 165f, 279f

PF, presence, 256f

pinna

concave surface, erosive/crusted lesions, 256f pinna, fibrosis/folding, 239f polypoid mass, diagnosis, 98f polyps, eardrum (absence), 320f positive Wood’s lamp examination, 255f primary otitis media, 286-287

right external ear canal, large soft tissue mass (serial CT images), 346f

right pinna, concave surface, 237f

right tympanic bulla, lysis (serial CT images), 346f rostral 30-degree ventral-caudodorsal open-mouth oblique radiograph, 85f rostroventral-caudodorsal closed-mouth oblique radiograph, 88f

Cats—cont’d

severe ear mite infestation, 225f unilateral nasopharyngeal polyp, 165f unilateral persistent drainage. See Spayed female cat VD radiograph, 89f

vitamin A, metabolic conversion inability, 210

wax plug removal, 231f

Cats (ears)

ear mites, impact, 160f

excoriation. See Male domestic short-hair cat

Otodectes mite infestation, otoscopic view, 115f wax/debris, accumulation, 160f

Caudal auricular nerve, 9f

Caudal foramen lacerum, 14

Caudal fossa

aggressive process, 100f

lesions, 107f beam-hardening artifact, 100f

Caudal inferior auricular nerve, 9f

Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, PSOM, 273

Cavernous venous sinus, caudal continuation, 10f, 14 CBC. See Complete blood count

Cefmenoxime, 298

Ceftazidime, 298

Cell surface receptors, 128

Cell-mediated immunity, 128

Cell-poor interface dermatitis, 249

Cell-to-cell binding/interaction, 128

Cell-to-matrix binding/interaction, 128

Cellular defense system, 195

Central vestibular disease (CVD), 340, 342-344.

See also Otitis interna

impact, 344f

Cephalexin, usage, 269

Cephalexin-induced pemphigus foliaceus lesions, 247 Cephalosporins, 298, 348

Cerebellar surface, 19

Cerebellum, 344f

Cerebral surface, 19

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 13f

hyperintensity, 102f

perilymph, comparison, 15

Cerulytic (Allerderm), 405

Cerumen. See Dry cerumen; Wet cerumen

coating. See Epithelium

composition, changes, 64

contact. See External acoustic canals excess production, 143, 151-156 exudates, presence, 97f lipid

composition, alterations, 183 content, 189 predominance, 49

plugs. See Miniature Schnauzer presence, 36f, 95f, 190 types, 152

Cerumen gland tumors. See Labrador Retriever adenomas. See Ulcerated cerumen gland adenomas confusion. See Broad-based cerumen gland tumors

functionality, 162f

Cerumen glands

adenocarcinoma. See Tympanic bulla adenoma, 217, 218f. See also Broad-based cerumen gland adenoma; Dogs; Ear canal; Protruding cerumen gland adenoma; Solitary cerumen gland adenoma

dilation/inflammation, 218f

hyperplasia, 178f, 218f

multiple openings. See Ear canal

Cerumene (Evsco), 405

Ceruminoliths, 226-228

grasping, endoscopic forceps (usage), 232f hardened concretion type, removal, 230 identification. See Mixed-breed dog matrix

eardrum, involvement, 232f hairs, inclusion. See Poodle presence. See German Shepherd removal, 228-233

Ceruminolytic, usage, 162f

Ceruminolytic agents, 153, 334t, 336t

Ceruminolytic flushes, usage, 155

Ceruminolytic solvents, 335t, 336t Ceruminolytics, 117

Ceruminous adenocarcinomas, 145

Ceruminous cysts. See Persian cat

Ceruminous exudates accumulation. See Ear Demodex, presence, 177 Otodectes, presence, 177

Ceruminous glands, 7, 151, 204, 361 adenocarcinomas, 170. See also American Cocker Spaniel

adenoma, 59

carbon dioxide ablation. See Hyperplastic ceruminous glands carcinoma. See Cats cystic dilation, 216 dilation, 69f, 149 hyperplasia, 215-217, 361-364. See also Severe ceruminous gland hyperplasia early stage, 151f illustration, 69f, 361f impact. See Cocker Spaniels

illustration, 60f, 67f inflammation, 66f, 69f metabolism, increase, 205f neoplasia, 87 secretion, 117

tissue

close-up, photomicrograph, 63f response. See Cocker Spaniels

Ceruminous glandular hyperplasia, 65

Ceruminous neoplasms, histopathologic differentiation, 170

Ceruminous otitis, 207

cause, 215 clinical signs, 206 diagnosis, 206 environmental/conformational causes, 219 etiology, 204-205

externa, 30f resolution, 208 treatment, 206-207

Cerumite (Evsco), 398

Cervical branch, 9f

Cervicoauricularis superficialis muscle, 3f

Cervicoscutularis muscle, 3f

Cheilitis, 243

Chemical ear cleaning, 179

Chemotactic factor, 183

Cheyletiella eggs, 242

Chiggers (Trombicula), 119, 241

Chihuahua

pattern baldness, 259 transverse CT image, 99f transverse T1-weighted spin-echo image.

See Spayed female Chihuahua

Chinese Crested dog, pinna (convex surface), 236

Chloralmphenicol, 348

Chlorambucil, 257

Chlora-Otic, 398

Chlorhexidine, 331, 333

Chlorhexidine gluconate, 331

Chloromycetin Otic, 398

Chonchal cartilage, 6f

Chondroitin sulfate, 129

Chondrosarcomas, 217

Chorda tympani, 13f, 14f, 17, 18f

Chow Chow, hypothyroid disposition, 124, 207

Chronic bilateral ear infections. See Doberman Pinscher

Chronic bilateral otitis. See Bulldog

Chronic connective tissue changes, treatment, 350

Chronic inflammation, 168

Chronic inflammatory changes, 97f

Chronic inflammatory diseases, 64

Chronic inflammatory otitis, 64-70. See also Cocker

Spaniels

Chronic otitis, 154

Chronic otitis externa. See Beagle

characterization, 178f

impact. See Fibrosis; Granulation tissue

Chronic otitis media. See Sheltie

extensive granulation tissue, 314f

fibrosis, 314f

suppurativity, 278

Chronic purulent otitis, 161

Chronic unstable otitis media, 314f

Chronicity, 212

Chymases, 129

Cipro HC Otic (Bayer), 398

Ciprofloxacin, 298

Citrobacter spp., 200

Clavulanate potassium, 331

Clawbed, PF impact, 256

Cleansers, usage. See Pruritus

Clear X Ear Drying Solution (DVM), 399, 405

Client

benefits, 383

bills, 389

care, 381

education, 387-389

fees, 390

follow-up, 391

interaction, 382

needs, types, 382

rejection, 383

reminders, 390-391

trust, 381, 382

waiting time, problem, 388-389

Clindamycin, 291

Clostridium spp., 200

Clotrimazole, usage, 182, 330

Coagulase-positive staphylococci, 194

Coagulation modality. See Lasers

Coagulopathies, 248

Cobblestone adenomas. See Ear canal

Cocci, presence, 176

Coccoid bacteria, cluster. See Paired coccoid bacteria

Cochlea, 21, 95f. See also Internal ear abnormalities, 21 damage, 330

hyperintense signal, 102f sculpted medial view, 18f spiral ganglion, 20f structure, visualization, 93

Cochlear apparatus, airborne sound waves

(transmission decrease), 347

Cochlear aqueduct, 13f

Cochlear auditory, 13f

Cochlear nerve, 18f

Cochlear promontory, 12, 12f

Cochlear window, 12f-14f, 13

margin, 18f Cocker Spaniels atopy, incidence, 68-69 ceruminous gland response, 65 ceruminous glands, 361 tissue response, 69f

chronic inflammation, histopathologic changes, 72 chronic inflammatory otitis, 68-70 compound hair follicles, presence, 64 ear canal opening, glabrous area, 236 ear mites, incidence, 68-69 ear-margin seborrhea, 252 fibrosis, response. See Non-Cocker Spaniels food allergy, incidence, 68-69 glandular tissue, increase, 142 horizontal canal, tumor mass (protrusion), 169f hypothyroid disposition, 124 hypothyroidism predilection, 207 middle ear, plant awns (retrieval), 121f neoplasia, 72 osseous metaplasia, CT scan, 68f otitis externa, 30f predisposition, 153

otitis media, 121f plant awns, retrieval, 121f primary ceruminous gland hyperplasia, 361 single-hair follicular unit, close-up, 70f stenotic calcified ear canal, radiograph.

See American Cocker Spaniel stenotic ear canal, 301 synthetic retinoid, usage, 207 vertical ear canal

ablation, 169f stenosis, ceruminous gland hyperplasia (impact), 147f

Coffee grounds exudate, 114 Coiled gland, cross-section, 63f Cold agglutinin-related pinnal vasculitis, lesions.

See Male Doberman Pinscher cross

Cold weather, acclimatization, 250 Coliforms, 44 Collagen

application, 238 tissue, presence, 71f

Collagenases, liberation, 287 Collagenolysis, 249

Collies, ivermectin (nonusage), 269 Color dilution alopecia, 259 Coly-Mycin S Otic, 400

Comedone formation, manifestation, 208 Commensal organisms, 177 Complete blood count (CBC), 209 Compost areas, enclosures, 242 Computed axial tomography (CAT) scan, 284 Computed tomography (CT), 92-99, 345, 370 assessment. See Craniomandibular osteopathy; nasopharyngeal polyps; Neoplasia; Otitis dorsal plane reconstruction, 107f. See also Dogs findings. See Abnormal CT findings; Normal CT findings

image. See Cats: Temporomandibular junction; Dogs; Transverse CT image

scan, 282 superimposition. See Inner ear; Middle ear technique, 92-93 usage, 78

Concave pinna

dermatoses, 258-259 hyperplastic epithelium, 145f lesions, 258 Concretion, formation, 122f Concurrent leukocytes, 54 Concurrent otitis media, suspicion, 57 Conditioners, usage. See Pruritus Condyles, zygomatic portion. See Mandible Congenital alopecia, 259 Conjunctivitis, 212

Conofite Lotion (Mallinckrodt), 399 Conscious proprioception (CP) tract, 344f Contact dermatitis, 244-246

Contagion, clinical feature/history, 254 Continuous-wave modality, 358

Contra lateral bulla, homogeneous fluid (presence), 107f Contralateral extensor muscles (inhibition), lateral vestibulospinal tract (impact), 342f

Contrast agent, infusion, 286

Contrast enhancement, 97f

Contrast material

injection. See Labrador-Golden Retriever

intravenous injection, 96

Conventional radiography, 78-90

Corium 20 (VRx), 406 Corium TX (VRx), 406 Corynebacterium spp., 192 Corpus adiposum auriculae, 7 Cort-Astrin Solution (Vedco), 399 Corticosteroids

infusion, catheter (usage), 150f

usage, 266. See also Otitis externa; Otitis media; Pruritus

Cortisone-responsive hypersensitivity, 270 Cortisporin Otic Solution, 399 Corynebacterium, 44, 200 Cosmetic ear trimming, decline, 142 Cosmetic otoplasty, 373-374

laser, assistance, 352

Cotton-tipped applicators (Q-tips)

impact. See Ear; Eardrum; Trauma insertion, 43 mineral oil saturation, 116 mopping motion, 112 tip sizes, 159

usage, 158, 176. See also Horizontal canal; Traumatic myringotomy

Cotton-tipped swab

insertion, 37, 43

usage, 30

CP. See Conscious proprioception Cranial cervical ganglion, 14f Cranial nerves, 344f

Craniomandibular osteopathy, 78, 86. See also Scottish Terrier

CT assessment, 96

Crusted lesions. See Cats

Crusts, 133

presence. See Male Doberman Pinscher cross reduction, 207

Crusty/scaly dermatoses, 253-258 Cryofibrinogenemia, 251-252 Cryoglobulinemia, 251-252 Cryptococcus, 192 CSF. See Cerebrospinal fluid CT. See Computed tomography Culex spp., 243

Cupula, 18f

Curettes, usage, 160, 167. See also Buck curette Cushing’s disease, 123

Cutaneous adverse drug reaction, 246-247

Cutaneous adverse food reaction, 132

diagnosis, 134

differential diagnosis, 133 double-blinded study, 135

Cutaneous AFR, signalment/history, 131-132

Cutaneous facii muscle, 6f

Cutaneous hemangioma, 358

Cutaneous hemangiosarcoma, 358

Cutaneous marginal pouch, 4f Cutting-edge needle, 373

CVD. See Central vestibular disease

Cyclic alopecia, 259

Cystic apocrine glands, genetic predisposition.

See Persian cat

Cystic ceruminous glands, 154

Cystic structures. See Ear canal; Pinna

Cytokines, 129

release, 129

Cytologic evaluation, 261

Cytologic findings documentation, medical record

insert, 48f

Cytologic smears, 228

Cytologic specimen, staining technique. See Ear Cytological evaluation, 37-39. See also Otitis externa Cytology, 42-48. See also Abnormal cytology; Normal cytology

culture, comparison. See Otitis externa technique, 42-48

Cytoseal60 (Richard Allen Scientific), 37

Cytotoxic drugs, 206-207

Dachshunds

ear-margin seborrhea, 252 hypothyroidism predilection, 207 inherited disorders, 206 pattern baldness, 259

Dalmatians, solar dermatitis, 249

Dalton, amount, 131

Damaged tissue, surgical excision, 250

Debulking, biopsy forceps (usage). See Polyps Decadron Phosphate 0.1% (Merck), 399

Delayed ototoxicity, 332

Dematological conditions, 123

Demodectic mange, 119

Demodex, presence. See Ceruminous exudates

Demodex canis, 216

Demodex cati, 119, 216

Demodex folliculorum, 119

presence. See Mineral oil

Demodex identification, 48

Demodex mites, 216

topical treatment, 119

Demodex spp., 58

Demodicosis, 256

DepoMedrol (Pfizer), 114, 272

Derma 4 Ointment (Pfizer), 399

Dermal changes, 249

Dermal curette (6 mm), placement. See Tumor mass

Dermal edema, 64

Dermalone Ointment (Vedco), 400

DermaPet Ear/Skin Cleanser (DermaPet, Inc.), 267, 268, 270, 405

Dermatitis. See Allergic dermatitis; Allergic inhalant

dermatitis; Atopic dermatitis; Contact dermatitis; Flea allergy dermatitis; Insects Dermatophytes, transmission, 254 Dermatophytic pseudomycetoma, 254 Dermatophytosis, 253-256

clinical features/history, compatibility, 254

Microsporum canis, impact. See Cats treatment, 255-256

Dermatosis/dermatoses. See Crusty/scaly dermatoses;

Ear; Parasitic dermatosis; Pruritic dermatoses;

Vitamin A-responsive dermatosis;

Zinc-responsive dermatosis

Derma-Vet Ointment, 400

Dermis, 61f

ceruminous glands, position, 62 follicular units, sparsity, 71f

Desquamated glandular epithelial cells, disintegration, 151

Desquamation products, accumulation, 228

Detergents

irritation, 179

usage, 297

Dexamethasone

depression effect, 301 suppression tests, 209 usage, 181, 182

Diethyl ether, irritation, 245

Diff-Quik stain (Baxter Scientific Products), 37, 44 Digastricus muscle, 6f

Dilute fluorescein solution, 285

Dilute povidone-iodine solution

infusion, 285

nasal drainage, 285f

usage, 31, 35, 179, 292. See also Ear canal Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 182, 324

usage, 332

Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS), 179

Diode fiber, prepositioning, 368

Diode laser, 351

coagulation, 362f

energy, 360, 363

comparison. See Carbon dioxide fiber (600 micron), 354f myringotomy, 370f usage, 360, 370. See also Polyps Diode-wavelength laser energy, 350 Discoid lupus erythematosus, 256 Disease conditions, wall posters, 387 Distal ganglion (IX), 14f Diuretics, 335t DMSO. See Dimethyl sulfoxide Doberman Pinscher

chronic bilateral ear infections, 86f ear-margin seborrhea, 252 elevated estradiolemia, 261f hypothyroidism predilection, 207 otitis, 142

pinnal alopecia, 261f

Syndrome II, 211 testicular tumor, 261f VD radiograph, 86f zinc-responsive dermatosis, 211

Documentation capability, 33

Dogs

bilateral middle ear effusion, CT image, 345f brainstem tumor, MRI, 346f

CT dorsal plane reconstruction, 101f

ear canal, anatomy, 26f

ear smear

Malassezia, modified Wright-Giemsa stain, 194f Otodectes cynotis, gravid female, 190d Pseudomonas, gram stain, 193f

staphylococci, modified Wright-Giemsa stain, 193f end-stage otitis externa, 67f external ear muscles, 3f fleas, impact, 120f generic food dermatosis, 258f head (transverse section), tympanic bulla level, 10f high-dry field, 54 hyposensitization, 176f left ear canal, atopic dermatitis, 176f left external ear, anatomical features, 4f normal bulla

Dogs—cont’d

normal bulla—cont’d

T1-weighted transverse image, 102f T2-weighted transverse image, 102 normal ear canal, 25f normal left eardrum, 28f pinnae/face, alopecia/hyperkeratosis/ hyperpigmentation, 258f right ear canal, atopic dermatitis, 176f rostral 30-degree ventral-caudodorsal open-mouth oblique radiograph, 85f secondary otitis media, 176f, 287 transverse FLAIR image, 106f tympanic membrane anatomy, 11f vertical canal, cerumen gland adenoma, 328f vertical ear canal, cross-section, 67f wax ball extraction, Video Vetscope working channel (endoscopic grasping forceps usage), 230f Dorsal buccal nerve, 9f Dorsal scala vestibuli, 21 Dorsolateral compartment, separation, 85f Dorsoventral (DV) axis, orientation, 27f Dorsoventral (DV) projections. See Radiography Dorsoventral (DV) radiograph. See Middle ear;

Mixed-breed hound dog Dorsoventral (DV) view, 78 contrast. See Ventrodorsal view taking, 90

Dried medication, impact, 122f Drug reaction. See Cutaneous adverse drug reaction Dry cerumen, 152f

Dry wax, accumulation. See Ear canal Drying agents, usage, 122 DSS. See Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate Dura mater, 13f

DV. See Dorsoventral DVM Exclude, 135 Dyskeratosis, 72 Dystrophic alopecia, 259 Dystrophic mineralization, scattered foci, 96f

Ear

actinic keratosis, 249-250

anatomy, slices (requirement), 93f blood, presence. See Kitten blood supply, increase, 205f care, marketing, 392 ceruminous exudates, accumulation, 225f cropping techniques, 373 cytologic specimen, staining technique, 45f discharge, 132 disease, treatment (decision-making process), 37 drooping, 17 epithelial surface (denuding), cotton-tipped applicator (impact), 159f

excoriation. See Male domestic short-hair cat flushing, 246

products, 287

iatrogenic perforation. See Poodle

infections, Tris-EDTA ear solution (usage).

See Gram-negative ear infections

Malassezia pachydermatis, 204

margin, dermatoses, 247-253

mites, 114-118

debris, removal, 225f

infestation, 176. See also Cats

MRI, 284

odor, 132 ossicles, 15 synovial joint formation, 13f

Otodectes mites, infestation (otoscopic view). See Cats

Ear—cont’d

Proteus spp., 204

Pseudomonas spp., 204 scratching, impact, 132. See also Hypotrichosis service, marketing, 378 skin diseases, impact, 39, 175f solar dermatitis (sunburn), 249-250 trauma, 156-161 treatment station, 36f ulceration. See Poodle

unilateral persistent drainage. See Spayed female cat wax, 7

Ear canal. See Horizontal ear canal; Normal ear; Stenotic ear canals; Vertical ear canal ablation, 87f, 371-373. See also Intraoperative ear canal ablation; Total ear canal ablation performing, failure, 106f anatomy. See Dogs assessment, 30-31 bone formation, 67f calcification, 273 cerumen glands adenomas, 217f multiple openings, 204f changes, 180 cleaning, 307 cobblestone adenomas, 166f cobblestone appearance, 65 color changes, 30 contrast material, accumulation, 157f cystic structures, 155f diameter, reduction, 361 dry wax, accumulation, 143f dryness, examination, 299f eardrum, attachment, 288f epithelial cells, migration, 225f epithelium, 156, 227f tumors, attachment, 328f examination, 24, 27f, 179-180 exudates, 30

crust formation, 115f facial opening, 143f fibrosis, 146f flushing, 31, 178-179 dilute povidone-iodine solution, usage, 225f foreign bodies, 30 hair

excess, 30 interference, 5 presence, 150-151 histopathologic section, 146f histopathology, 218f horizontal part, central axis, 10f hyperplastic epithelium, 146f inflammation, reduction, 150f irrigation, 363 irritation, 8 large soft tissue mass (serial CT images). See Cats lining

irritation, 226

skin cells, migration, 143 liquid, presence, 324f lumen, visibility, 60f, 61f malignant neoplasms, 168 microclimate, 195 mucoid debris, 306f neoplasia, 70-72, 161-171 occlusion, 34 otitis media. See Ulcerated ear canal Otobius tick, presence, 119f parasites, 30

Ear canal—cont’d

proliferative changes, 30 protruding cerumen gland adenoma, 166f radiograph. See American Cocker Spaniel resection. See Lateral ear canal resection;

Postoperative total ear canal resection; Preoperative total ear canal resection laser, assistance, 352 roughened surface, 205f routine cleaning, 163 scraping, 158-159 solitary cerumen gland adenoma, 166f stenosis, 34. See also Pugs; Shar-Peis structure, 6f, 7-9 surgery, surgical trauma, 158 surgical opening, 205 swelling, 144f ticks, presence, 118f tissue, white blood cells (presence), 67f trauma, 143 tumors, 30, 217-219 tympanic membrane, 9-11 ulcerations, 30 vertical part, 10f viewing, 32f wax accumulation. See Cats

excess, 30

wax ball removal. See Cats

wax plug (eardrum level). See German Shepherd working channel, usage, 35f

Ear cleaners. See Ototoxicity

overtreatment, 149

pain. See Acid-type ear cleaners

trade name, 404-406

Ear cleaning, 271. See also Chemical ear cleaning; Mechanical ear cleaning; Middle ear process, explanation, 271

Tris-EDTA ear solution, usage, 271

Ear Mite Lotion (Durvet), 400

Ear mites. See Cats

recurrence, 228f

Ear Miticide (Vedco), 400

Ear pinna

concurrent greasiness, 210

laser drain perforations, creation, 356f postoperative appearance, 357f

Ear products, 385

active ingredients, 395-397

formulary, 396

trade names, 398-404

Ear smear

Malassezia, modified Wright-Giemsa stain. See Dogs Otodectes cynotis, gravid female. See Dogs Pseudomonas, gram stain. See Dogs staphylococci, modified Wright-Giemsa stain.

See Dogs

Ear therapy, 270-273 complications, 272-273 culture/sensitivity, 273 steps, 271-273 surgery, 273 systemic therapy, 272 topical therapy, 271-272 Tris-EDTA ear solution, usage, 273

Eardrum. See Dos

absence, 36f. See also Cats acute perforation. See Kitten annulus, 26f assessment, 34-39 attachment. See Ear canal blood supply, 29f

Eardrum—cont’d

bulge, 34, 272. See also German Shepherd; Golden

Retriever puppy concretion. See Poodle damage, 178 epithelial migration, demonstration, 223f-224f examination, 231f. See also Cats granulomatous exudate. See Cats healing, 311f, 313f, 314f India ink, movement, 223f-224f induced acute perforations, healing mechanism, 309 involvement. See Ceruminoliths pathological changes, 37 perforation, 35 peripheral perforation, 308f popping, cotton-tipped applicator (impact), 160f pressure, increase, 278f serous fluid, presence, 278f shape/color change, 38f soft wax ball, attachment, 226f thickening, 308f vaporization, laser myringotomy (usage), 294f vertical ear canal, cerumen plug (extension).

See Miniature Schnauzer

Eardrum rupture, 232. See also German Shepherd;

Mixed terrier; Sheltie

analysis, 285-286

causes, 306-309 healing interruption, otitis media (impact), 312-314 process, 309-311

Ear-drying products, 407

Early sarcoptic mange, 249

Ear-margin seborrhea, 252. See also Basset Hounds;

Beagle; Cocker Spaniels; Dachshunds;

Doberman Pinscher; Springer Spaniels EarMed Cleansing Solution & Wash (Davis), 405 EarOxide Ear Cleaner (Tomlyn), 405

Ectasia, 66f

Ectoparasites, removal. See Pruritus

Ectopic hairs, 122-123

Eczema, 131

Edema, 42. See also Dermal edema

confusion. See Broad-based cerumen gland tumors progression, 68

reduction, 149

Edematous ear canal. See German Shepherd EicosaDerm, 269

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 268-269 Ektascan M film (Kodak), 78

Elastases, liberation, 287

Elastic cartilages, 2

Electrocautery, 369

Elevated estradiolemia. See Doberman Pinscher Elimination diet trial, 137

ELISA. See Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay End-differentiated epithelial cells, basket-weave appearance, 60f

Endocrine dermatosis, 207-209

Endocrine disease, 260

Endocrine disorders, 123 Endocrinologic skin conditions, 154 Endocrinopathy, 259, 261 Endolymph, 15, 21

Endolymphatic duct, 13f Endoparasites, removal. See Pruritus Endoscope. See Rigid endoscope

Endoscopic biopsy tool (1.8 mm), placement.

See Video Vetscope

Endoscopic forceps. See Grasping-type endoscopic forceps

usage. See Ceruminoliths

Endoscopic grasping forceps, usage. See Dogs; Polyps End-stage inflammatory otitis externa, 68 End-stage otitis externa. See Dogs

changes, 66 histopathologic changes, 69

English Bulldog hypothyroidism predilection, 207 tail fold pyoderma, 142

English Springer Spaniels lichenoid-psoriasiform dermatosis, 206

English Springer Spaniels, inherited disorders, 205 Enhanced meninges, 94f

Enophthalmos, 17

Enrofloxacin (Baytril Otic), 182, 269, 289, 298.

See also Topical fipronil

usage, 240

FIV. See Feline immunodeficiency virus

FLAIR. See Fluid-attenuation inversion recovery FLASH. See Fluid-attenuation spoiled gradient echo Flat tumors, appearance, 163

Flea allergy dermatitis, 132, 214, 242 diagnosis/treatment, 214

Flea combing, 214

Flea dirt, 214

Flea-control measures, 114

Fleas

control. See Pruritus

impact. See Cats; Dogs; Pruritic ears

Floxin Otic (Daiichi), 400

Fluid pressure gradient, 289

Fluid-attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) image, 103. See also Dogs; Labrador Retriever protocols, 103 sequences, 105

Fluid-attenuation spoiled gradient echo (FLASH) image, 103

protocols, 103

sequences, 105

transverse image. See Spayed female cat

Fluid-filled bulla, contrast. See Air-filled bulla

Fluocinolone (Synotic), usage, 181, 182, 192, 324

Fluocinolone/DMSO bulla infusion, 325

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics, 175

Fluoroquinolones, 298

Flush solution, 34f

Flushing, independent function, 33f

Flush/suction device, usage. See Tympanic bulla

Foam wedge, usage, 79f

Focal-to-truncal alopecia, 212

Follicles

cross-section, 60f

presence, photomicrograph. See Small hair follicles

Follicular casts, 252

Follicular dysplasia, 259

Follicular keratinocytes, 249

Follicular keratosis, 252

Follicular units, sparsity. See Dermis

Folliculitis, 253

Fomites, 254

Food allergy, 114, 244. See also Bichon Frise determination, guidelines, 138b

Food allergy—cont’d

development, 131

diagnosis, 133-137

physical findings, 132-133

signalment/history, 131-132

treatment, 39, 137

Food elimination diet. See Pruritus

Food hypersensitivity, 212-214, 244, 266

clinical signs, 213 diagnosis/treatment, 213-214

Food intolerance, 244

Food-allergic dogs, 268

Foot licking/chewing, 212

Footpads

hyperkeratosis, 211

hyperkeratotic plaques, 258

PF impact, 256

Foramen. See Blood vessel; Oval foramen

Foramen lacerum, 12f, 14f

Foramina, symmetry. See Oval foramina

Foreign bodies, 262. See also Ear canal

removal, 35f

Foreign material, 121-122

Free fatty acids, inflammation triggers, 155

Free thyroxine (T4), 124

Fresh-Ear (Q.A. Labs), 405

Frontalis muscle, 3f

Frontline Top Spot (Merial), 400

Frostbite, 248, 250-251

Fungal infection, 262

Fungi-Dry-Ear (Q.A. Labs), 401

Furosemide, 332

Furunculosis, 253

Fusobacterium, 291

Gamma linolenic concentration, decrease, 207 Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, 117 Gas-filled lumen, 79

Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, 210

Gastrointestinal (GI) signs, rarity, 213 Gastrointestinal (GI) tract, 54, 130

Gemish, 272. See also Bacterial gemish; Malassezia;

Tris-EDTA

Generic food dermatosis. See Dogs

Genesis. See Pruritus

Gentamycin

concentrations, increase, 332

delayed ototoxicity. See Topical gentamycin impact, 298, 330 ototoxicity, 331

Genta-Otic Solution (Vetus), 402

Gentaved Otic Solution (Vedco), 402

Gent-L-Clens (Schering), 407

Gentocin Otic Solution (Schering-Plough), 402 German Shepherd

advanced leishmaniasis, 254f

ceruminolith, presence, 227f

ear canal, wax plug (eardrum level), 233f eardrum

bulge, 38f

rupture, 306f

edematous ear canal, 306f

familial cutaneous vasculopathy, 248, 249 generalized/severe scaling, 254f hypothyroid disposition, 124 hypothyroidism, 259f

inherited disorders, 206

inner pinna, Malassezia dermatitis, 259f mucus/pus, presence, 233f nose/throat, flushing process, 306f

German Shepherd—cont’d

open eustachian tube, 306f

otitis media, 38f

presence, 233f

painful ear, examination, 233f

pinnae, involvement, 254f

German Short-Haired Pointers, Syndrome II, 211 Germinal epithelium, 309

GI. See Gastrointestinal

Gland ratios, variation, 62

Glandular hyperplasia, 42, 68, 179, 277

Glandular secretions, usage, 205f

Glass slides

rinsing, 47f

usage, 45f

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), 14f, 18

Goblet cells, 15. See also Mucus-secreting goblet cells

Golden Retriever. See Labrador-Golden Retriever erythema, 257f head shaking, cure, 163f hypothyroid disposition, 124

inner pinnae, pustules (presence), 257f

PF, presence, 257f

recurrent aural hematomas, 163f

Golden Retriever puppy

eardrum bulge, 38f

purulent exudate, 38f

Gram-negative bacteria, 44, 181

involvement, 192

resistance, 182

Gram-negative ear infections, Tris-EDTA ear solution (usage), 183b

Gram-negative organism, 292

Gram-positive bacteria, 44

Gram-positive organism, 192, 292

Gram’s stain, 190

Granular pigment, 67f

Granulation tissue

chronic otitis externa, impact, 148f

formation, cycle, 288

obstruction, 143

Granulocytes, migration, 223 Granulomatous reactions, 254 Grasping forceps, threading. See Video

Vetscope

Grasping-type endoscopic forceps, 122

Great Danes

hypothyroidism predilection, 207

Syndrome II, 211

zinc-responsive dermatosis, 211

Gross examination. See Otitis externa

Gross revenue enhancement, 385 Growth hormone supplementation, 260 Gustatory fibers, 17

Hair-follicle cycle, disorders, 259

Hairs. See Dogs

clipping, 240

coat, observation, 242

follicles, 7, 60, 151, 211

miniaturization, 61

follicular unit, 60f

growth, slowness/failure, 208

inclusion. See Poodle; Wax balls

interference. See Ear canal

irritation, 26f

plucking, 150-151

shaft, visibility, 60f

Hard costs, 378

Head

pruritus, 212

rotation, 341f shaking, 132, 215, 353 support, 342f tilt, 215, 343. See also Cats transverse section, 10f violent shaking, 8

Hearing deficit, 280 results, 297

Heat fixation, benefit, 190

Helicene margins, 8 Helicotrema, 13f, 21 Helix. See Antihelix

caudal border, 4f, 237f distal crus, 2f lateral border, 2f, 4f lateral crus, 2f, 4f medial border, 2f, 4f medial crus, 2f, 4f rostral border, 4f, 237f spine, 2f, 4f Hemagglutination, symptoms, 251 Hemangiosarcoma, 170 Hemorrhage

control, 352

presence. See Spayed female Chihuahua source, visualization, 368

Hemorrhagic bullae, 247

Hemostasis, 362, 367

achievement, 369, 371 wattage, rating, 370

Herpesvirus infection, 308f

Heterodoxus spiniger, 242

Heterogeneous enhancement (mass), effacement.

See Left tympanic bulla High-dry field. See Cats; Dogs organisms, mean number, 53f usage, 53

High-fat meal, 211

High-oil immersion lens (100x objective), usage, 50f High-output light source, fiberoptic cable (attachment),

281

High-pitched sound waves, transmission, 280 High-pitched sounds, detection ability, 288 Hill’s Prescription Diet Z/D Low Allergen, 135 Hill’s Prescription Diet Z/D Ultra Allergen Free, 135 Histamine, 129

Histiocytoma, 59, 358

Histoanatomy. See Normal histoanatomy Histopathologic evaluation. See Tumor mass Histopathology, 59

Holocrine glands, 151 Home-prepared diet, 134-135

Home-prepared elimination diet, 136b Hooded debrider blade, usage, 367 Horizontal canal

bony portion, periosteum, 149 catheter, direction, 293f cotton-tipped applicator, usage, 307f fluid flow, 293

liquid discharge, accumulation, 279f tumor mass, protrusion. See Cocker Spaniels Horizontal ear canal, 149

epithelium, appearance, 227f extensive fibrosis, 277f ventral floor, wax accumulation, 27f ventral portion, yellow wax, 28f Horner’s syndrome, 17, 276, 279f

cases, resolution, 322

Hot buttons, 385

Humans, immunopathogenesis, 128-131

Humectants, 267

Humoral immunity, 124

Hyaline degeneration, 249

Hydrocortisone (1%), usage, 181

Hydrolyzed casein/liver, 135

Hydrolyzed soy, 135

Hydrophobic lipid material, 155

Hyoglossus muscle, 6f

Hyperadrenocorticism, 208-209

diagnosis/treatment, 209

Hyperandrogenism, 209

Hyperemic mucosa. See Middle ear Hypergranulosis, 210

Hyperintense signal. See Cochlea; Intralabyrinthine fluid; Semicircular canals

Hyperkeratosis, 145

areas. See Dogs

Hyperkeratotic diseases, 64 Hyperpigmentation, 132

areas. See Dogs

presence. See Male Doberman Pinscher cross Hyperplasia, 145. See also Cerumen glands;

Ceruminous glands; Glandular hyperplasia; Sebaceous hyperplasia

Hyperplastic ceruminous glands, carbon dioxide ablation, 364f

Hyperplastic changes, 258

Hyperplastic epithelium. See Concave pinna;

Ear canal; Shetland Sheepdog

Hyperplastic lesions, 167

Hyperplastic superficial perivascular dermatitis, 211 Hypoallergenic diet, 134, 270. See also

All-vegetable hypoallergenic diet Hypodense mass

extension. See Right hemimandible

lateral/rostral position. See Right bulla Hypoglossal canal, 12f

Hypoglossal nerve (XII), 14f

Hyposensitization. See Dogs Hypothyroidism, 64, 123-125, 207-208. See also

German Shepherd

clinical signs, 207

diagnosis/treatment, 208

etiology, 207

treatment, 39

Hypotrichosis, ear scratching (impact), 239f

Iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism, 181

Iatrogenic myringotomy, prevention, 34f

Iatrogenic perforation. See Poodle

Idiopathic primary seborrhea. See American Cocker Spaniel

Idiopathic seborrhea, 123, 267. See also Primary idiopathic seborrhea

IgA. See Immunoglobulin A

IgE. See Immunoglobulin E

IgM. See Immunoglobulin M

Immune complex, 128

deposition, 129

Immunoglobulin A (IgA)

binding, 130

production, 131

Immunoglobulin E (IgE). See Allergen-specific IgE

IgE-mediated food allergy, 132

molecules, cross-link, 129

Immunoglobulin G (IgG). See Allergen-specific IgG

Immunoglobulin M (IgM), involvement, 129 Immunoglobulins, 128

Immunopathogenesis. See Humans

Immunosuppressive drugs, 257 In vitro allergy testing, 266, 270 Incision modality. See Lasers Incus, 13f, 14f, 15

vestibular window, medial position, 95f India ink, movement. See Ear canal Indolent ulcers, 133 Indoor allergens, 113 Infection, cycle, 288 Inferior alveolar nerve, 14f Inflammation

cycle, 288

fibrosis, impact, 144f Inflammatory alopecia, 259. See also Noninflammatory alopecia Inflammatory bowel disease, 301 Inflammatory cells, 38

degradation, 306 Inflammatory exudates, presence, 97f Inflammatory polyps. See Canine inflammatory polyp; Labrador Retriever

clinical signs, 318

signalment/history, 318-321 Inguinal area, PF impact, 256 Inguinal pruritus, 212 Inheritance, autosomal recessive mode, 249 Inhibitory quotient (IQ), 300 Injectable ivermectin, 175 Injection sites

lesions, 247

vasculitis, vaccines (impact), 248

Inner ear, 19-21

relationship. See Subarachnoid space

schematic drawing, 20f structure

CT scan, superimposition, 342f visualization, 93

Inner mucous layer, 10 Inner pinnae

erythema/lichenification. See Bichon Frise Malassezia dermatitis. See German Shepherd pruritus. See Female atopic Labrador pustules, presence. See Golden Retriever Insects

bite dermatitis, 242-243

bites, 249

impact, 119-120

Inspissated material, 301 Inspissated mucus, presence, 279f Instrumentation, impact. See Trauma Integrins, 128

Interleukins, 152

Internal acoustic meatus, 18f, 19 Internal carotid artery, carotid canal (accommodation), 10f

Internal carotid nerves, 14f

Internal ear

cochlea, 20f

osseous labyrinth, accommodation, 10f schematic view. See Cats semicircular canals, 20f

structures, schematic drawing, 13f Interparietoscutularis muscle, 3f Interscutularis muscle, 3f Interstitial cell tumor, 209 Intertragic incisure, 2f, 4f Intervening fibrous tissue, layers, 10 Interventional otoscopy, 348 Intestinal barrier function, immaturity, 131 Intestinal immune system, immaturity, 131 Intracranial structures, full visualization (interference), 101f

Intradermal testing, 134 Intralabyrinthine fluid

detail, 105f

hyperintense signal, 102f

T2-weighted spin echo images, 105 Intraoperative ear canal ablation, 372f Intravenous ticarcillin, reactions, 182 Iodinated contrast material, intravenous injection, 92 Iodinated contrast medium, infusion. See Beagle Iodine organification, defects, 207 Iohexol, usage, 90 Ionizing radiation, usage, 99 Ipsilateral flexor muscles (inhibition), lateral vestibulospinal tract (impact), 342f Ipsilateral large extensor muscle groups, facilitation, 341 Ipsilateral limb, extensor muscles (lateral vestibulospinal tract support), 342f Ipsilateral vestibulospinal tract, vestibular nuclei (impact), 342f

IQ. See Inhibitory quotient Irish Setters, inherited disorders, 206 Ischemia. See Local ischemia Isotense fluid, impact. See Bulla Isotense tissue, impact. See Right bulla Italian Greyhounds, pattern baldness, 260 Itraconazole, 269 Ivermectin, 115

nonusage. See Collies

usage, 216, 241. See also Topical ivermectin Ivomec 1% Injection for Cattle and Swine (Merck), 117, 401

Jugular foramen, 14f Juvenile cellulitis, 123

KCS, 278, 345. See Keratoconjunctivitis sicca Keratin, 36f

presence, 34 Keratinaceous debris, presence, 190 Keratinization, disorders, 205-209, 267, 270 Keratinized epithelial cells, presence (100? objective), 51f

Keratinized epithelial proliferation, 310 Keratinocyte

differentiation, 60 proliferation/differentiation, 210 surface, 49

Kerion, 254

Kitten

ear, blood (presence), 308f

ear canal

flushing, 319f

liquid mucus, accumulation, 319f pus, accumulation, 319f

eardrum, acute perforation, 308f polyp, presence, 319f sneezing, 308f

upper respiratory disease, 308f

Klebsiella spp., 192, 200

Labrador Retriever

cerumen gland tumors, 164f ceruminous glands, 361 glandular tissue, increase, 142 inflammatory polyps, 326f otitis externa, predisposition, 153 pinna (tragus), epithelial folds (polyp molding), 326f pinnae, extension, 326f

Labrador Retriever—cont’d

Syndrome II, 211

vertical ear canal, tumors, 164f

Labrador-Golden Retriever

bulla level, T1-weighed dorsal image, 107f contrast material, injection, 107f high cellular content fluid, 108f otitis media, impact, 108f transverse FLAIR image, 108f transverse T2-weighted image, 108

Lactobacillus spp., 200

Lamina propria, thickening, 288

Laminar flow. See Water

Lanex fine screens (Kodak), 78

Laser myringotomy

healing rate, 294f usage. See Eardrum

Laser polypectomy (aural tumor removal), 364-369 Lasers

ablation, 364. See also American Cocker Spaniel; Nasopharyngeal polyps

modality, 352

coagulation modality, 352

drain perforations, creation. See Ear pinna ear surgery, 350-352 energy, usage, 354-355 incision modality, 352 mass removal. See Middle ear modalities, 352 therapy goals, 354-355 usage. See Apocrine cyst

Late-phase reactions, 128

Lateral 20-degree ventral-laterodorsal oblique direction, 81

Lateral ampullary nerve, 20f

Lateral bulla osteotomy (LBO), 323f, 326, 363

Lateral ear canal resection, 326, 371-373. See also Nondiseased ear

Lateral incisure, 2f

Lateral interior auricular nerve, 9f

Lateral recumbency, 81

Lateral ventricles, portions, 94f

Lateral vestibulospinal tract

impact. See Contralateral extensor muscles;

Ipsilateral flexor muscles support. See Ipsilateral limb LBO. See Lateral bulla osteotomy Leather ears, 260

Left 20-degree ventral-right dorsal oblique radiograph.

See Middle ear

Left 20-degree ventral-right dorsal oblique view,

78, 81f

Left bulla

enlargement, space-occupying mass (impact), 100f medial wall, permeative lysis, 100f outline, 82f ventral wall, thickening, 100f

Left ear canal, atopic dermatitis. See Dogs

Left eardrum. See Dogs

Left external acoustic canal, fluid (presence), 104f Left external acoustic meatus, dorsal location, 82f Left external ear, anatomical features. See Dogs Left horizontal nystagmus, 344

Left septum bullae, absence, 98f

Left temporal bone, petrosal portions (thickening), 98f Left tympanic bulla

heterogeneous enhancement (mass), effacement, 107f internal anatomy, ventral view, 12f ventral wall, removal, 12f

Leishmaniasis, 256, 262. See also German Shepherd Lesion treatment, contact/noncontact mode, 353

Leukocytes, 56-57. See also Concurrent leukocytes absence, 191 number/types, 190 presence, 52

Lichenification, 133, 258. See also Bichon Frise

Lichenoid-psoriasiform dermatosis. See English

Springer Spaniels

Ligament, support, 13f

Limbus. See Tympanic membrane

Lime sulfur

effectiveness, 241

rinses, 240

Lingual nerve, 14f

Linognathus setosus, 242

Linoleic acid, 210

Lipids

secretion. See Apocrine glands synthesis/mobilization/degradation, 207 Lipofuscin, 67f

inclusion. See Macrophages Lipofuscin-laden microphages, photomicrograph, 67f Liposarcoma, description, 169f Liquichlor (Evsco), 401 Local ischemia, 238 Long-term steroid treatment, 252 Long-term systemic antibiotic therapy, 55 Lotrisone (Schering-Plough), 402 Louse infestations, 242 Low cellular fluid, 102f

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), increase.

See Serum LDL

Lumen. See Gas-filled lumen

closure, 144f

diameter

decrease, 145, 175

increase, 149, 301 obliteration, 97f opacity. See Bulla walls, thickening, 97f

Lymphatics, 60

Lymphocytes, differentiation, 128

Lymphocytic thyroiditis, 123, 207

Lymphoid nodules, 68

Lymphoma, 59

Lysis. See Temporal bones

serial CT images. See Cats

Lysozymes, 152

liberation, 287

secretion, 195

M. persicolor, 254

Macrophages. See Lipofuscin-laden microphages lipofuscin, inclusion, 65 mediator release, 237 migration, 223

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 99-108, 345, 370. See also Dogs

abnormal findings, 103-108

images, improvement, 101f

normal findings, 103

technique, 103

usage, 78

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC), 129

MHC I molecule, 130

MHC II molecule, 130

Major petrosal nerve, 14f

MalAcetic Conditioner, 267, 268

MalAcetic Otic, 271

Malassezia, 177

absence, 48

colonization. See Tympanic cavity

Malassezia—cont’d

dermatitis, 132. See also Female atopic Labrador; German Shepherd; Miniature Poodle; Yorkshire Terrier

gemish, 272

indication, 42

infection, 184, 206, 211

isolation, 180 metabolism/reproduction, 183 modified Wright-Giema stain. See Dogs organisms, 123

otitis externa. See Yorkshire Terriers

yeasts, growth, 228

Malassezia canis, 191

fluorescing, 255

Malassezia equi, 52

Malassezia furfur, 52-53

Malassezia globosa, 52, 53

Malassezia obtuse (obtusa), 52, 53

Malassezia pachydermatis, 52, 204

actively replicating organisms (unipolar budding), presence, 51f

nonbudding yeast, presence, 51f paired coccoid bacteria, presence, 51f

Malassezia restricta, 52

Malassezia sloofiae, 52

Malassezia species, differentiation (reasons), 53

Malassezia spp., 52-54

Malassezia sympodialis, 52, 53, 192

Male Doberman Pinscher cross

auricle apex, concave surface crusts, presence, 251f hyperpigmentation, presence, 251f

bleeding episodes, 251f

cold agglutinin-related pinnal vasculitis, lesions, 251f crusted punched-out lesions, presence, 251f

Male domestic short-hair cat, ear/neck excoriation, 246f Malignant melanoma, 170

Malignant neoplasms. See Ear canal

Malignant tumors, 186, 364

Malleolus, 14f

Malleolus, vestibular window (medial position), 95f Malleus, 13f, 15

blood vessel identification, 293f

footplate, 28f

manubrium, 11f, 18f, 292. See also Mixed terrier visibility, 39f

Mallophaga, 242

Mandible, condyles (zygomatic portion), 94f Mandibular body, visible cortex (thickening), 90f Mandibular branch. See Vagus

Mandibular fossa, 12f

Mandibular gland, 6f

Mandibular rami, 283

Mandibular salivary glands, 17

Mange. See Notoedric mange; Sarcoptic mange Manubrium. See Malleus

distal end, 9-10

Marbofloxacin, usage, 182, 291

Margin, dermatoses. See Ear

Marginal pouch, 3. See also Cutaneous marginal pouch Market prices, 389-390

Marketing. See Preventive ear care; Therapeutic ear care communication, 380-383

creativity, 391-393 Mass. See Tumor mass

carbon dioxide

ablation, 369f

treatment. See Pinna

diagnosis. See Cats

effacement. See Left tympanic bulla

Mass—cont’d

extension. See Right hemimandible growth. See Bulla impact. See Left bulla

increase, fibrosis (impact). See Tissue mass increase infiltration. See Tympanic bulla lateral position. See Right bulla protrusion. See Cocker Spaniels removal. See Middle ear serial CT images. See Cats

visibility, transillumination (usage). See Middle ear Masseteric nerve, 14f

Mast cells

degranulation, 129

tumors, 217, 358

Mattress sutures, usage, 238

Maxillary bones, 79f

Mean inhibitory concentration (MIC), 273, 289-292 achievement, 298

Mean-count breakpoints, usage, 55

Mechanical ear cleaning, 179

Medial vestibulospinal tract, projection. See Neck Medical competence, client perception, 385 Medical record insert. See Cytologic findings documentation

Medical-grade adhesive tape, usage, 84f Medioventral compartment, walls, 85f

MedRx Earigator (MedRx), 33f

usage, 296

Melanin granules, recognition, 49

Melanoderma, 260. See also Yorkshire Terriers Melanoma, 358

Meninges. See Enhanced meninges Mesencephalic aqueduct, distention, 106f Metal ions, chelation, 290

Metaplasia. See Osseous metaplasia Methylprednisolone acetate, 114 Methylprednisone acetate, 272

MHC. See Major histocompatibility complex MIC. See Mean inhibitory concentration; Minimum inhibitory concentration

Micazole Lotion 1% (Vetus), 401

Miconazole Lotion 1%, 401

Microbial flora (summary). See External ear canal Microbiology, relationship. See Nasopharyngeal polyps

Microclimate aids, normalization, 188

Micrococcus spp., 192

Microorganism overgrowth, 64

Microsporum canis

impact. See Cats

invasion, 253

Middle ear, 12-19. See also False middle ear

access, 294

cavity, 10f, 13f

division, 16-17

nerves, relation, 14f

squamous epithelium, migration, 222

details, 95f

disease, duration, 332

DV radiograph, 83f

ear cleaning, 285f effusion, CT image. See Dogs examination, 282f feline polyp, 365f fibrosarcoma, 170f fleshy mass (visibility), transillumination (usage), 283f flushes. See Shih-Tzu

hyperemic mucosa, 314f infections, 345. See also Non-pseudomonal gram-negative middle ear infections

Middle ear—cont’d

laser mass removal, 369f

lateral radiograph, 80f. See also Scottish Terrier lateral view, patient positioning, 79f left 20-degree ventral-right dorsal oblique radiograph, 82f

microbiology, 200 mucosa, 318, 327f nerves, 17-19 oblique view, patient positioning, 81f otoliths, 87

otoscopic examination, 88f. See also Beagle plant awns, retrieval. See Cocker Spaniels Pseudomonas, presence, 181 radiographic assessment, 284

sampling, 295f

schematic view. See Cats

sculpted medial view. See Right middle ear secretion, decrease, 289

structure

CT scan, superimposition, 342f schematic drawing, 13f visualization, 93 tissue level, 300

VD radiograph, 83f

VD view, patient positioning, 83f

Middle interior auricular nerve, 9f

Milbemycin oxime solution (Milbemite, Novartis), 118 usage, 216

Miliary dermatitis, 133, 212, 213

Mineral oil

benefits, 117

Demodex folliculorum, presence, 120f saturation. See Cotton-tipped applicators Mineralocorticoid activity, 301 Miniature Poodle

Malassezia dermatitis, 174f

otitis externa, 174f

periodic alopecia, 260 salivary staining, 174f

Miniature Schnauzer

eardrum/vertical ear canal, cerumen plug extension, 154f

otitis, 142

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 177

Minor petrosal nerve, 14f

Mita-Clear, 402

Mites

debris, removal. See Cats

identification, 216

infestation. See Cats presence, 39

Mixed terrier

car accident, 158f

ear, blood, 158f

eardrum, rupture, 158f

malleus, manubrium, 257f

Mixed-breed dog

bilateral ceruminoliths, identification, 232f diminished hearing, 232f

Mixed-breed hound dog, canalogram (DV radiograph), 91f

Modified apocrine glands, 62, 144

cross-section, 60f

Modified apocrine tubular sweat glands, 7

Modified Wright-Giemsa stain, 190. See also Dogs Modified Wright’s blood stain, 177

Modified Wright’s stain (Diff-Quik) recommendation/design, 44 usage, 46f

Modiolus, 18f

lamina, 18f

Moisturizers, usage. See Pruritus

Monocytes, migration, 223

Mosquitoes, 243

MRI. See Magnetic resonance imaging

Mucociliary system, 195

Mucoid debris. See Ear canal

Mucoid otitis media. See Cats

Mucoperiosteum, 288

contact, 295

impact. See Mucus; Pus

inflammation, 331

Mucopurulent discharge. See Shih-Tzu

Mucopurulent fluid, production (decrease), 312 Mucosa. See Middle ear

irritation, foreign substance (impact), 314f Mucus

absence, 314f

amount, 121, 301

pharyngeal drainage. See Cats

presence, 276. See also Inspissated mucus production (cessation), mucoperiosteum (impact), 299f removal, 320f

Mucus-secreting goblet cells, 273

Multilobulated polyp. See Cats

Muscle tensor tympani, 14f

Musculotubal canal, 12f

Mycoplasma, 286-287, 291

Mylohyoid nerve, 14f

Mylohyoideus muscle, 6f

Myringotomy, 272, 292-294, 370-371. See also

Diode laser; Normal middle ear

5-Fr polypropylene catheter (usage), scalpel blade (usage), 293f

consideration, 363

creation, cotton-tipped applicator (usage).

See Traumatic myringotomy illustration, 293f incision, 293 inclusion, 345 laser, assistance, 352 necessity, 277

performing, 5-Fr polypropylene catheter (usage), 39f prevention. See Iatrogenic myringotomy usage, 170f

Nasal biopsy forceps, 367f

Nasal drainage. See Dilute povidone-iodine solution

Nasal planum

hyperkeratotic plaques, 258

PF impact, 256

Nasal septum, 79f

Nasopharyngeal polyps, 78, 307. See also Cats

CT assessment, 96

diagnosis, 88f

endoscopic removal, 323-325 formation, 117

identification, 217

laser ablation, 325 microbiology, relationship, 321-322 occlusion. See Cats

signalment/history, 318-321 surgical treatment, 322 traction/avulsion, 323f treatment, 322-325 tumors, confusion, 328f

Neck

excoriation. See Male domestic short-hair cat muscles, medial vestibulospinal tract

(projection), 342f

pruritus, 212

Necrosis

creation. See Pressure necrosis occurrence, 248

Necrotic pinnal lesions, 247

Neomycin

involvement, 245 usage, 149

Neoplasia. See Cocker Spaniels; Ear canal; External ear canal; Pinna CT assessment, 96 impact, 207 indication, 38 treatment, 358

Neoplastic cells, presence, 190

Neoplastic conditions, simulation, 205

Neoplastic lesions, 167

Neo-Predef (Upjohn-Pharmacia), 401

Neotrombicula autumnalis, 58, 241

Nerves. See Middle ear

Neutrophilic chemotactic factor, 129

Neutrophils number, 66 presence, 55, 66f. See also Paired coccoid bacteria; Polymorphonuclear neutrophils; Shih-Tzu

response. See Bacterial overgrowth

Newfoundlands, hypothyroidism predilection, 207 Nits, visibility, 242

Nocardia spp., 44

Nodules, 261-262

Nolvamite (Ft. Dodge), 403

Nolvasan Otic (Ft. Dodge), 407

Nonaminoglycoside antibiotics, 333t, 334t

Nonbudding yeast, presence. See Malassezia pachydermatis

Non-Cocker Spaniels, fibrosis (response), 65

Nondiseased ear, lateral ear canal resection, 142

Nonepithelial tumor, 59

Non-immune-mediated mechanisms, 244

Noninflammatory alopecia, 259

Noninflammatory primary alopecia, 261

Nonionic iodine-based contrast material, usage, 90

Nonototoxic alkalinizing agent, 271

Nonototoxic antibiotics, aqueous solutions, 291

Nonototoxic ear cleaner, 271

Nonototoxic topical antibiotics, 298

Non-pseudomonal gram-negative middle ear infections, 302

Nonseasonal pruritus, 132

Normal bulla

T1-weighted transverse image. See Dogs

T2-weighted transverse image. See Dogs

Normal CT findings, 92-93

Normal cytology, 49-52

Normal ear, 24-29 canal, 24-27. See also Dogs tympanic membrane, 27-29

Normal eardrum, 309f. See also Cats rice paper appearance, 27

Normal histoanatomy, 60-64. See also External canal;

Tympanic membrane

Normal left eardrum. See Dogs

Normal middle ear, post-myringotomy, 371f

Normal radiographic findings, 78, 90-91

Normal vertical ear canal, photomicrograph, 60f

Notoedres cati, 58, 215-216

Notoedric mange, 241, 249

Novartis, 114

Nuclear arypia, 72

Nutritional deficiency, 209-212

Nylon suture, usage, 357

Nystagmus. See Left horizontal nystagmus; Right horizontal nystagmus; Spontaneous nystagmus presence, 318, 322

Occipital area, subcutaneous region, 157f

Occipital bone (caudal aspect), lysis, 89f

Occipital condyle, 12f

Occipitalis muscle, 3f

Occlusion. See Cats; Ear canal; Vertical ear canal

Oculomotor nerves, 340

Oculomotor nuclei, impact. See Eye movements Ofloxacin, 298

Oils, usage. See Pruritus

Ointment medications, application, 180 Ointment-based medication, 44

Old English sheepdogs, hairy external ear canals, 5 Oleosa, 267

Omega-3 fatty acid, 210

Omega-6 fatty acid, 210

Onychomadesis, 247

Onychomalacia, 257

Open-ended tomcat catheter, advance. See Video Vetscope

Open-mouth projection, value, 85f

Open-mouth rostrocaudal view, 283

Open-mouth rostro-occipital radiograph, 163. See also Cats

Opportunistic pathogens, 52

Oral cyclosporine-A-modified capsules, usage, 113-114

Oral enrofloxacin, 300

Oral prednisolone, application, 241

Organism numbers (cytological identification), recommended breakpoints, 53t

Organochlorates, toxicity, 241

Organophosphates, toxicity, 241

Orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, 210

Osseous anatomy, 19

Osseous auditory tube, 14f

Osseous bony cochlea, 12-13

Osseous external acoustic meatus, 10f facial nerve, proximity, 8

Osseous labyrinth, 19 accommodation. See Internal ear

Osseous metaplasia, 66, 67f, 68

CT scan. See Cocker Spaniels

Osseous septum, 85f

Osseous spiral lamina, 18f, 21

Osseous tympanic bulla, structure, 12-14

Ossicles. See Ear

Osteotomy. See Bulla; Lateral bulla osteotomy

OTC. See Over the counter

Otic Clear (Butler), 405

Otic exudates

cytologic examination, 161 mineral-oil swab, Otodectes mites (presence), 116f Otic fungal organism, 180

Otic ganglion, 14f, 19

Otic medications, efficacy, 178

Otic pain, 132

Otic preparations, 181

Otic pruritus, 207

Oticalm Cleansing Solution (DVM), 406

Oticare-M Ear Mite Treatment (ARC), 402

Oticlean A Ear Cleaning Solution (ARC), 406 Oticlens (Pfizer), 406

Otipan Cleansing Solution (Harlmen), 407

Otisol O (Wysong), 407

Otisol (Wysong), 406

Otitis

CT assessment, 96 noninfectious causes, 38 recommendations, 388 Otitis externa, 188-195. See also Cocker Spaniels; Female atopic Labrador; Miniature Poodle cause, 174f complications, 180 cytologic evaluation, 176-178 evaluation, cytology/culture comparison, 56t factors, 142-144

perpetuation, 174-176, 180-181 follow-up, 184-185 gross evidence, 191 gross examination, 164-171 microscopic evidence, 191 overtreatment, 184 pathophysiology, 195 presence, 188 primary/predisposing causes, 194 recurrence, 137 symptomatology, 161-164 treatment, corticosteroids (usage), 181-184

Otitis interna, 340

central vestibular disease, 343-344 diagnosis, 342-347 diagnostic tests, 344-347 neurologic examination, 342-343 peripheral vestibular disease, 343 presumptive diagnosis, 342 prognosis, 348 treatment, 347-348

Otitis media, 195-200. See also Acute suppurative otitis media; Cats; Chronic unstable otitis media; Dogs; German Shepherd; Primary secretory otitis media; Ulcerated ear canal absence, 328f active/nonactive cases, 87 appearance, 36f corticosteroids, usage, 300-301 diagnosis, 276-277, 342-347 findings, 87 history, 277-280 impact. See Labrador-Golden Retriever microbiology, 289-292 patient evaluation, 280-283 presumptive diagnosis, 342 resolving, 299f sample collection, 294-295 signalment, 277-280 suspicion. See Concurrent otitis media treatment, 276-277, 294

Otobius megninii, 216

Otobius tick, presence. See Ear canal

Otocetic Solution (Vedco), 407 Otodectes, presence. See Ceruminous exudates Otodectes cynotis, 48, 57, 214-215

absence, 58 diagnosis, 243 gravid female. See Dogs infestations, 42

Otodectes infestation, 112-113

Otodectes mites, 114, 215

eggs, 116f

infestation, otoscopic view. See Cats presence. See Otic exudates

Otoliths. See Middle ear

Otomax (Schering-Plough), 403 Otomite Plus (Virbac), 403

Otoplasty. See Cosmetic otoplasty; Therapeutic otoplasty

Otoscope. See Video otoscope cone, 29, 31

Otoscopic examination. See External ear; Middle ear; Toy Poodle

Otoscopic tube

rim, 11f

usage, 11f

Otoscopy. See Interventional otoscopy

usage, 31-34

Ototopical agents, safe usage, 336

Ototopical antibiotics, sensitivity (increase), 332 Ototoxic antibiotics, 176

Ototoxic otic drugs, 312

Ototoxic substances, removal, 232

Ototoxic systemic agents. See Potentially ototoxic systemic agents

Ototoxic topical medication, 312

Ototoxicity, 330. See also Delayed ototoxicity; Topical ototoxicity

dilutional factors, 331-332

drugs, mixing, 332

ear cleaners, 333, 335

experimental studies, 330

therapy, duration, 332

vehicles, 331

Outer hair cells, 20f

Oval fenestrated endoscopic grasping forceps, threading. See Video Vetscope

Oval foramen, 12f

Oval foramina, symmetry, 94f

Over the counter (OTC) products, 378

Overgrowth, 55. See also Bacterial overgrowth Oxygen concentrations, increase, 310

Paired coccoid bacteria

cluster, 50f

eosinophil, presence (400x objective), 50f

neutrophils, presence (400x objective), 50f presence. See Malassezia pachydermatis

Palpebral nerve, 9f

Panalog Ointment (Solvay), 403 Panendoscopic trans-tympanic excision (PTTE), 323-324

Papilloma, 358

Papular dermatitis, 254

Papules, visibility, 242

Para-aural space, palpation, 68 Parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, 210

Parasites, 57-58, 216. See also Ear canal; External parasites

presence, 190

Parasitic dermatosis, 213-216

Parental steroids, short-term use, 363

Parotid gland, 6f

Parotid salivary gland, 4f, 5f, 10f

tubus auris, relationship, 5f

Parotidoauricularis, 6f

Pars flaccida, 9, 27, 29f

blood vessel

demonstration, 310f

identification, 293f

chronic otitis media, 314f

presence. See Annulus

Pars tensa, 9, 28f. See also Tympanic membrane

layer, 63

radial collagen fibers, 29f

Partial alopecia. See Siamese cat

Partial-thickness circular skin incisions, 356 Pasteurella spp., 192, 200, 321

Patency, 30

Pathognomonic early symptom. See White domestic short-hair cat

Pathophysiology. See Otitis externa

Patient evaluation. See Otitis media

Pattern alopecia, 259

Pattern baldness, 259-260

PCR. See Polymerase chain reaction

PE. See Pemphigus erythematosus

Pediculosis, prevalence, 242

Peduncle, 344f

breakage, 324f

endoscopic view, 327f

presence, 327f

Pekingese, M. canis infection, 254

Pemphigus, 123

complex, 256-257

Pemphigus erythematosus (PE), 256

Pemphigus foliaceus (PF), 256

presence. See Cats; Golden Retriever Pendulous-eared breeds, 236 Penicillin injections, side effects, 247 Penicillinase-producing bacteria, 290 Pentoxifylline, 249, 250

Perendoscopic trans-tympanic excision (PTTE), usage.

See Polyps

Perforation border, 309

Perilesional edema. See Pons

Perilymph, comparison. See Cerebrospinal fluid Periodic alopecias, 260

Peripheral blood smears, evaluation, 44

Peripheral follicular papules/crust, 253

Peripheral thermal damage, 358-359, 363

Peripheral vestibular disease (PVD), 340, 342-343.

Index

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